Irina wolf (68 resultados)

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Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, language: English, abstract: Lebanon is a unique country of the Middle East. It is very ancient and it is located in such a way that once was called 'the gate of the Middle East' . During centuries numerous conquerors invaded Lebanon to gain strategic leverage in regional dominance. There are three major religious groups - Maronites, Druzes, and Shiites - living in the country, of which Maronites are part of a Christian mainstream and Druzes and Shiites are of a Muslim one. Granting independence to Lebanon, the French wanted to secure the position of the Christians and not let it 'be absorbed into a Syrian Muslim state.' Lebanon traditionally considered itself the only Christian country in the Arab world and was always backed up by France. The history of Lebanon was filled with religious and violent conflicts, which were inflamed by surrounding nations and often resolved by major powers. The antipathy among Maronites, Druzes, and Shiites was so strong that the solution had to be found urgently. To avoid conflicts among the different subcultures the French established the consociational democracy. Lebanon didn't completely meet all the core principles of the consociational democracy and it consequently led to the civil war of 1975, to sectarian unrest and struggles for political and economic power. However, the results of the consociational democracy were the peace in Lebanon for thirty years, and the economic prosperity.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Miscellaneous, grade: A, OSCE Academy, course: Sustainable Development: economic, social, and environmental aspects, language: English, abstract: This particular paper consists of two parts containing two major questions for consideration. Firstly, while exploring and analyzing possible ways of combating terrorism with economic means in general it is important to consider what is the effectiveness of this method in accomplishing the task. Secondly, while taking into account the OSCE decisions related to the issue, it is aimed to reflect upon expected effectiveness of the OSCE EED in combating terrorism with economic means. Methods of research are limited to text-based analyses of analytical documents and the OSCE decisions related to the topic. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, language: English, abstract: This research focuses on the United States' foreign policy in the Third World (meaning here not industrialized, mainly poor countries) and its use of words (internetional law and diplomacy) and deeds (coercive diplomacy and military intervention). The numerous historical examples reveal the treacherous nature of American Foreign Policy, because the USA prefers the law of force rather than the force of law for the sake of its own interests.The examples of the invasion of Grenada, Libya, and Nicaragua support the argument that the USA is ready to use force and go against international law to pursue its own national interest. Contrary to its claims of being the fighter for democracy and human rights in the world, America does protect it only when it is convenient to it and when it can somehow benefit from spending money on the liberation operations. However, it is vital to keep in mind that being a rational player the USA invaded only militarily weak countries.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Miscellaneous, grade: A, OSCE Academy, course: 'The world community and transnational terrorism', language: English, abstract: My assumptions are the following: the true causes of terrorism by 'the Arabs' against 'the West' lie in a colonial history of the Middle Eastern region of the 20th century. Religion, i.e. Islam, was and continues to be used to reach political objectives. Finally, while economic gains are not primary objectives of terrorists money play a crucial role in this business; while for some party terrorism is a tool to reach political aims for others it is a big business.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Russia, grade: A, OSCE Academy, course: Electoral Systems and Political Parties, language: English, abstract: Given the fact that none of the international declarations, conventions or covenants establishes a type of electoral or party systems, which is more democratic than others, it is a sole prerogative of a sovereign state to decide, which system to follow - majoritarian, proportional representation, mixed, or any other - while starting or continuing the process of democratization. The problem is that incumbent politicians can manipulate the electoral system in such a way as to ensure victory during next elections to preserve their power. Kyrgyzstan is precisely such a case. Although, during 14 years of country's independence the electoral system has undergone major transformations three times, the current electoral system can hardly be named democratic. Furthermore, after the Kyrgyz opposition took over power on 24th March, 2005, one of the first requirements of the civil society was revision of the constitution, including reformation of the electoral system. Having come across The New International IDEA Handbook on Electoral System Design, it became increasingly interesting for me to make an attempt to design the electoral system for Kyrgyzstan to make it more democratic. Apart from using the handbook on Electoral System Design, the methods of research include analysis of reports of international organizations such as OSCE and ICG related to the topic.Hypothesis of the author is the following. In order to 'democratize' Kyrgyzstan, i.e. to make the decision-making process more inclusive, to ensure that majority of voices is heard, and to secure that regional, clan and minorities' interests are taken into account, it is necessary, inter alia, to introduce Parallel electoral system, i.e. half of the seats in the parliament is to be elected by FPTP run-off in single-member constituencies while the other half of the seats is to be elected by PR closed party lists.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: International Organisations, grade: A, OSCE Academy, course: International Organizations, language: English, abstract: The hypothesis of this research is the following. Given the fact that the UN's documents are legally bounding to the member-states unlike those of the OSCE it seems that the UN is more successful in preventing and combating terrorism. However, whereas the UN uses a legalistic approach to solving this problem the OSCE makes efforts to identify and address root causes, which give rise to terrorism. Taking into account that two organizations closely cooperate with each other in this field it seems that they nicely complement each other. However, since a number of terrorist attacks does not decrease but, on the opposite, increases every day it appears that the organizations should work out a multidimensional strategy in preventing and combating terrorism, which would include a combination of legal, social, economic, cultural, political, and military means. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, course: Political Thought, language: English, abstract: Jean-Jacque Rousseau and Immanuel Kant are considered to be relatively modern political thinkers in comparison with the history of IR, so they, as profound philosophers, are not left out of the process of constructing this field as the natural science. They have contributed by leaving their precious works and even more by influencing the minds of people in a great way in terms of Enlightenment. Nonetheless, the main concern of this work is not determining what those thinkers contributed to the theories of IR but, conversely, what ideas of those philosophers tend to be idealistic, realistic, and neoliberal in modern terms. By making an analysis it would be clear that neither Rousseau nor Kant is purely idealist or realist, but both of them tend to be neoliberals. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - Political Systems - General and Comparisons, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, course: Electoral Politics, language: English, abstract: In the beginning of the 21st century nobody spoke out loud about consociational democracy and how it should work in order to prosper the state. It is now possible to analyze the history of the countries, here Lebanon and Switzerland, as well as the profound works of social scientists, which deliberated about the effective implementation of the consociational democracy. Now it is also possible to point out the mistakes of the French mandate in Lebanon, which led to the disastrous results and draw some ideas of how the state could develop if all the core principles of consociational democracy were completed in a right way. In this particular research, Switzerland represents this 'right way'.…

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Condición: New. Irina Tomescu-Dubrow is Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology at the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), and director of the Graduate School for Social Research at PAN.Christof Wolf is President of GESIS -- Leibniz Institute for .

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Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Survey Data Harmonization in the Social Sciences An expansive and incisive overview of the practical uses of harmonization and its implications for data quality and costs In Survey Data Harmonization in the Social Sciences, a team of distinguished social science researchers delivers a comprehensive collection of ex-ante and ex-post harmonization methodologies in the context of specific longitudinal and cross-national survey projects. The book examines how ex-ante and ex-post harmonization work individually and in relation to one another, offering practical guidance on harmonization decisions in the preparation of new data infrastructure for comparative research. Contributions from experts in sociology, political science, demography, economics, health, and medicine are included, all of which give voice to discipline-specific and interdisciplinary views on methodological challenges inherent in harmonization. The authors offer perspectives from Europe and the United States, as well as Africa, the latter of which provides insights rarely featured in survey research methodology handbooks. Readers will also find: - A thorough introduction to approaches and concepts for survey data harmonization, as well as the effects of data harmonization on the overall survey research process - Comprehensive explorations of ex-ante harmonization of survey instruments and non-survey data - Practical discussions of ex-post harmonization of national social surveys, census and time use data, including explorations of survey data recycling - A detailed overview of statistical issues linked to the use of harmonized survey data Perfect for upper undergraduate and graduate researchers who specialize in survey methodology, Survey Data Harmonization in the Social Sciences will also earn a place in the libraries of survey practitioners who engage in international research.…