Springer us springer apr 2012 (347 resultados)

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Statistics is of ever-increasing importance in Science and Technology and this book presents the essentials of the subject in a form suitable either as the basis of a course of lectures or to be read and/or used on its own. It assumes very little in the way of mathematical knowledge-just the ability to substitute numerically in a few simple formulae. However, some mathematical proofs are outlined or given in full to illustrate the derivation of the subject; these can be omitted without loss of understanding. The book does aim at making clear the scope and nature of those essential tests and methods that a scientist or technologist is likely to need; to this end each chapter has been divided into sections with their own subheadings and some effort has been made to make the text unambiguous (if any reader finds a misleading point anywhere I hope he will write to me about it). Also with this aim in view, the equality of probability to proportion of population is stated early, then the normal distribution and the taking of samples is discussed. This occupies the first five chapters. With the principles of these chapters understood, the student can immediately learn the significance tests of Chapter 6 and, if he needs it, the analysis of variance of Chapter 7. For some scientists this will be most of what they need. Howcver, they will be in a position to read and/or use the remaining chapters without undue difficulty.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Examination of the tables of contents of journals - biochemical, molecular biological, ultrastructural, and physiological-provides convincing evidence that membrane biology will be in the 1970s what biochemical genetics was in the 1960s. And for good reason. If genetics is the mechanism for main taining and transmitting the essentials of life, membranes are in many ways the essence of life. The minimal requirement for independent existence is the individualism provided by the separation of 'life' from the environment. The cell exists by virtue of its surface membran~. One might define the first living organism as that stage of evolution where macromolecular catalysts or self-reproducing polymers were first segregated from the surrounding milieu by a membrane. Whether that early membrane resembled present cell membranes is irrelevant. What matters is that a membrane would have provided a mechanism for maintaining a local concentration of molecules, facilitating chemical evolution and allowing it to evolve into biochemical evolution. That or yet more primitive membranes, such as a hydrocarbon monolayer at an air-water interface, could also have provided a surface that would facilitate the aggregation and specific orientation of molecules and catalyze their interactions. If primitive membranes were much more than mere passive barriers to free diffusion, how much more is this true of the membranes of contemporary forms of life. A major revolution in biological thought has been the recogni tion that the cell, and especially the eukaryotic cell, is a bewildering maze of membranes and membranous organelles.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - This volume is the third in the Contemporary Geriatric Medicine series. As in previous volumes, information is presented in the form of easy-to read essays to bring the reader up to date on state-of-the-art develop ments in the area of geriatric medicine. Once again, a system approach is utilized. In addition, several new topics-including alcoholism, throm boembolic disease, and decubitus ulcer management-have been intro duced to enhance this volume's usefulness to the busy clinician and student. Each chapter is not meant to be an exhaustive review of all topics in the field, but rather to focus on issues currently receiving a great deal of attention. Our goal continues to be to create an exciting approach to contemporary issues in geriatric medicine. The editors are once again appreciative for having been given the opportunity to develop this series. Appreciation is also expressed to our professional colleagues, families, and administrative assistants, who have enabled this volume to reach fruition. As in the past, we thank, most of all, our elderly patients for providing the inspiration and impetus to improve our knowledge and understanding of the health care needs of the elderly. Steven R. Gambert, M.D. V alhalla, New York ix Contents Chapter 1 Geriatric Cardiology and Blood Pressure 1 Edmund H. Duthie, Jr., and Michael H. Keelan, Jr.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Epithelial cells are present in many different tissues in the body, and possess a diverse number of functional properties. However, all epithelial cells share some common characteristics. The cells possess a morphological polarity (an-apical and basolateral surface), and are interconnected by tight junctions. The epithelial cells also possess the capacity to transport select solutes across the monolayer. Transport systems localized on either the apical or basolateral surface are respon sible for this vectorial transport. Such characteristics of epithelial cells can be examined in the tissue culture situation. This volume discusses the use of cell culture techniques to study these fundamental properties of epithelial cells. Ma jor questions concerning epithelia which may be examined in culture are ad dressed. The approaches which are taken to answer these questions are described in detail with regards to kidney cell cultures. Similar investigations may be done with epithelial cell cultures derived from other tissues, following the kidney cell culture paradigm.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The Conference on Emerging Priorities in Ceramic Engineer ing and Science, held at Alfred University, November 4-6, 1974, was arranged to provide a basis for reassessment of professional goals, procedures and outlook. American priorities among comfort, safety, national prestige, security, convenience and environmental quality are significantly different from those of a dozen years ago. Economic factors have shifted, as exempli fied by scarcities in energy, mate rials and world food supplies. At the same time, demands for safer products, healthier work ing conditions and fairer rules of behavior are making them selves felt. Governmental, corporate and consumer interests are all involved and they are intricately inte rrelated. Higher education, for its part, must not only respond wisely to changing student attitude, itself a part of the national scene, but must gain perspective toward the present and toward changes of yet unknown nature which can be expected in the future. Persistent and pointed questions from engineers, managers, and students were an indication to us of wide-spread concern to understand the new pattern of priorities that is presently emerging. In response to this need, Conference papers were invited from distinguished engineers, scientists, and other specialists; their willingness to contribute from their expertise and their thinking is very much appreciated by the editors. The first four chapters of the volume deal with the larger scene and with the viewpoints of those concerned with it in behalf of government, corporations and the professions. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - When Dr. Katherine Tansley's 'Vision in Vertebrates' appeared in 1965, it filled a real void that had hitherto existed. It did so by serving at once as a text-book: for an undergraduate course, a general introduction to the subject for post-graduate students embarking on research on some aspect of vision, and the interested non-specialists. Gordon Walls' 'The Vertebrate Eye and It. s Adaptive Radiation' and A. Rochon-Duvigneaud's 'Les Yeux et la Vision des Vertebres' have served as important sources of information on the subject and continue to do so even though it is 40 years since they appeared. However, they are essentially specialised reference works and are not easily accessible to boot. The genius of Katherine Tansley was to present in a succinct (132 pages) and lucid way a clear and an interesting survey of the matter. Everyone liked it, particularly the students because one could read it quickly and understand it. Thus, when it seemed that a new edition was desirable, especially in view of the enormous strides made and the vast literature that had accumulated in the past 20 years, one of us (MAA) asked Dr. Tansley if she would undertake the task. Since she is in retirement and her health not in a very satisfactory state both she and her son, John Lythgoe (himself a specialist of vision), asked us to take over the task.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Volume 6 of Cerebral Cortex is in some respects a continuation of Volume 2, which dealt with the functional aspects of cortical neurons from the physiological and pharmacological points of view. In the current volume, chapters are devoted to the catecholamines, which for a number of reasons were not represented in the earlier volume, and to acetylcholine and the neuropeptides, about which much new information has recently appeared. Volume 6 deals in part with the structure and function of cholinergic and catecholaminergic neuronal systems in the cerebral cortex and with new aspects of the cortical peptidergic neurons, notably the almost universal propensity of the known cortical peptides for being colocalized with classical transmitters and with one another. It thus completes our coverage of the major cortical neuro transmitter and neuromodulatory systems. Other chapters in this volume deal with data pertaining to the proportions of different types of cells and synapses in the neocortex and the physiology of the cortical neuroglial cells. These latter are topics that rarely receive separate treatment and the current chapters serve again to continue discussions of subjects that were introduced in Volume 2. The previous volumes have all been devoted to the neocortex but the present one introduces the subject of the archicortex. To this end, separate chapters are devoted to the physiology and anatomy of the hippocampal formation. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The aim of the editors of this volume is to use basic and ap plied studies in the field of mutagenesis to approach a problem of especial concern. The problem is that of the usage of toxic chemi cals, particularly agricultural chemicals, in ever-increasing quan tities in those parts of the world that feed the most people. Agri cultural chemicals that are in use in Pakistan are emphasized here. These are the same chemicals that are in use throughout the develop ing world, although the quantities of the different types that are used may vary from country to country, and from region to region within countries. A number of these chemicals can no longer be sold in Europe or in the United States, and it is often difficult to iden tify a scientific reason as to why they are sold at all. It is ironic that toxic chemicals are used as a humanitarian device to rid the world of Pestilence and Famine -- two of the Horsemen of the Apocalypse. If we do not wish poisonous chemicals to become the fifth Horseman of the Apocalypse, then we must begin now to identify and regulate the large-scale usage of toxic sub stances everywhere.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Hemoglobin and the red cell have continued to set a dizzying pace as the objects of research in the two and one-half year interval since the First International Conference on Red Cell Metabolism and Function. Most exciting perhaps, is a beginning molecular attack on sickle cell disease. The story of the inter action of red cell metabolism and oxygen transport has continued to unfold, and we can now infer that patients with hypoxia usually utilize red cell metabolic adjustments to improve oxygenation. This puts the red cell squarely in the center of medical practice, since much of medicine-heart, pulmonary, and blood disease- deals with inadequate oxygenation. On April 27th through the 29th, 1972, crystallographers, chemists, biochemists, physiologists, geneticists, and physi cians from many medical disciplines met in the Towsley Center for Continuing Medical Education at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor to present new data, to review recent developments, and to try to piece together additional features of the red cell puzzle. The meeting was dedicated to Dr. Francis John Worsley Roughton, Professor Emeritus of Colloid Science, University of Cambridge, England, in recognition of his numerous excellent contributions to the understanding of hemoglobin and red cell function. The program got off to a good start with a paper from M. F. Perutz, Nobel Laureate, on the structure of hemoglobin. Dr.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Anyone who has any contact with mental patients, old or young, or their families, or just visits a mental hospital or school for the retarded, is aware of the tremendous suffering caused by malfunctioning of the brain. The func tion of no other organ is so crucial for our everyday life, our proper func tioning, indeed our happiness, and no other illness causes as much anguish to patients or their families as mental illness. It is surprising and sad, therefore, how little effort has been devoted to research in this area; more so because such research is the only hope to ameliorate this suffering, or, to speak in the language of politics or economics, to decrease the enormous sums that we spend on trying to help our patients, with what is must generally be agreed are the most primitive and inadequate methods of treatment. Clearly, since functions of the brain are vital not only in illness, but in health, pathology is not the only area of concern to neurochemists, but it is an area that urgently needs neurochemical contributions. Progress in this field has been slower than in other areas of neurochemistry, and it seems that solutions in this field are very elusive. The reason for this is that the experimental approach is especially difficult in conditions specific for humans, or specific for complex behavior.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Allen I. Laskin Biosciences Research Exxon Research and Engineering Company Linden, New Jersey I was contacted in the Fall of 1981 by Professors Martin Dworkin and Palmer Rogers, of the University of Minnesota and asked to participate in the orgnization of the 1983 conference in the series, 'Interface Between Biology and Medicine'. They and the other members of the advisory committee had the vision to realize that this was a time to depart somewhat from the traditional theme, since one of the major areas of interest in the biological and related sciences these days is that of biotechnology in a broader sense than its impact on medicine alone. In designing the format of the Conference, we considered another factor. There has been a plethora of conferences, symposia, and meetings on biotechnology over the past few years, and the faces and topics have become rather familiar. There has been a strong emphasis on the development of the technology and the 'biotechnology industry'; less attention has been paid to the science behind it. One might get the impression from some of these meetings and from the popular press that biotechnology has just recently sprung up, apparently full blown; the very fundamental scientific discoveries and the great body of 1 ALLEN I. LASKIN 2 continuing research that forms that basis for the technology is often obscured.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The International Thermal Conductivity Conference was started in 1961 with the initiative of Mr. C. F. Lucks and grew out of the needs of researchers in the field. From 1961 to 1973 the Confer ences were held annually, and have been held biennially since 1975 when our Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) of Purdue University became the permanent Spon sor of the Conferences. These Conferences provide a broadly based forum for researchers actively working on the thermal conductivity and closely related properties to convene on a regular basis to ex change their ideas and experiences and report their findings and results. The Conferences have been self-perpetuating and are an example of how a technical community with a common purpose can transcend the invisible, artificial barriers between disciplines and gather togeth er in increasing numbers without the need of national publicity and continuing funding support, when they see something worthwi1e going on. It is believed that this series of Conferences not only will grow stronger, but will set an example for researchers in other fields on how to jointly attack their own problem areas.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Metal ions and proteins are ubiquitous. Therefore, not surprisingly, new protein-metal interactions continue to be dis covered, and their importance is increasingly recognized in both physical and life sciences. Because the subject matter is so broad and affects so many disciplines, in organizing this Symposium, I sought participation of speakers with the broadest possible range of interests. Twenty-two accepted my invitation. To supplement the verbal presentations, the Proceedings include five closely re lated invited contributions. The ideas expressed are those of the various authors and are not necessarily approved or rejected by any agency of the United States Government. No official recommendation concerning the sub ject matter or products discussed is implied in this book. This book encompasses many aspects of this multifaceted field. Topics covered represent biochemical, immunochemical, bioorganic, biophysical, metabolic, nutritional, medical, physiological, toxi cological, environmental, textile, and analytical interests. The discoveries and developments in any of these areas inevitably illumine others. I feel that a main objective of this Symposium, bringing together scientists with widely varied experiences yet with common interests in protein-metal interactions, so that new understanding and new ideas would result has been realized. I hope that the reader enjoys and benefits from reading about the fascinat ing interactions of metal ions and proteins as much as I did.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Becoming a Food Scientist is designed as a reservoir of ideas for those beginning a graduate education in food science or beginning a professional career in the field. Although at times it may read as a how-to manual for success in graduate school, it is meant to encourage each reader to study the research process, to challenge conventional wisdom, and to develop a career path that maximizes the probability of success both in school and beyond. The author has viewed food science graduate programs through the lenses of programs at four universities and service in numerous activities with the Institute of Food Technologists. This book is thus focused on the field of food science, but it may have relevance to other scientific disciplines. The book introduces the concept of research as process in the first chapter. Subsequent chapters focus on individual unit operations of research: idea generation, problem definition, critical evaluation of the literature, method selection, experimental design, data collection, processing and analysis, and knowledge dissemination. Successful graduate students in food science must master each of these operations. The final section of the book pushes the reader beyond graduate school into its practice in the real world. Topics covered in the maturation of a food scientist include the scientific meeting, critical thinking, science and philosophy, ethics, finding and managing the literature, planning, grantsmanship, laboratory setup and management, and career development. This book should be a meaningful companion for any graduate student in the field and those transitioning from graduate school to the food science profession. 180 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Over the last 50 years there have been an increasing number of applications of algebraic tools to solve problems in communications, in particular in the fields of error-control codes and cryptography. More recently, broader applications have emerged, requiring quite sophisticated algebra - for example, the Alamouti scheme in MIMO communications is just Hamilton's quaternions in disguise and has spawned the use of PhD-level algebra to produce generalizations. Likewise, in the absence of credible alternatives, the industry has in many cases been forced to adopt elliptic curve cryptography. In addition, algebra has been successfully applied to problems in signal processing such as face recognition, biometrics, control design, and signal design for radar. This book introduces the reader to the algebra they need to appreciate these developments and to various problems solved by these techniques. 60 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1. 0 INTRODUCTION. In this chapter we define first in Section I. I the concept of failure used in this study. Thereafter, we discuss briefly the causes and possible consequ ences of failure. Finally, we explain in Section 1. 2 the aim of this study. 1. 1 THE CONCEPT OF FAILURE. In this monograph we investigate the predictability of corporate failure. By 'failure' we understand the inability of a firm to pay its obligations when these fall due (i. e. technical cash insolvency). (Walter 1957 and Donaldson 1962 and 1969). Failure mostly appears in a critical situation as a consequ ence of a sharp decline in sales. Such a decline can be caused by a recession, the loss of an important customer, shortage of a raw material, deficiencies of management, etc. The ability to predict corporate failure is important for all parties involved in the corporation, in particular for management and investors. An early warning signal of probable failure will enable them to take preventive measures: changes in operating policy or reorganization of financial structure, but also voluntary liquidation will usually shorten the period over which losses are incurred. The possibility to predict failure is important also from a social point of view, because such an event is an indication of misallocation of resources; prediction provides opportunities to take corrective measures. (See also Lev 1974, p. 134). 1. 2 AIM AND OUTLINE OF THE STUDY. 132 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Nuclei of Light Elements with a Large Excess of Neutrons Obtained in Transfer Reactions with Heavy Ions.- Ground States of Light Even-Even Nuclei.- Isomers Undergoing Spontaneous Fission.- Measuring the Magnetic Moments of Short-Lived Nuclear States.- Coulomb Interaction and Reactions between Complex Nuclei.- Methods and Results of the Nuclear Three-Body Problem.- Absorption of -Mesons and Nuclear Structure.- Nuclear Scattering of High-Energy Particles and Effective Optical Potential.- Direct Methods in the Theory of Nuclear Reactions. 148 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Although microwaves and coherent optics, being two of the largest and most useful branches of electrical engineering to emerge technologically, are usually considered as distinct subjects, many of the underlying fundamental principles, scientific achievements, and practical applications have common features. Following the evolvment of the initial principles and techniques during the closing decade of the last century, microwave engineering has long matured to a stage of ready availability of components, automation and accuracy of measurement, economical manufacturing methods, and application of sophisticated systems. Further, this development of electromagnetic phenomena having spatial and temporal coherence has, based on several centuries of study and practice of noncoherent light, in the last two decades reached the optical region. Hence, it is now practicable to consider a comprehensive treatment of these two fields, division being made by subject matter rather than by the artificial distinctions of frequency and/or wavelength ranges. However, a full text on the combined subjects would be very large and unwieldy and, thus, this Bibliography is presented in the hope that it will prove useful as a compact reference source to a large body of workers and, by putting forward the latest scientific and technical advances, stimulate a multi-disciplinary approach. The material of the book commences with the fundamentals of radiation and matter, progressing through components and devices, amplification and generation, transmission, reception and processing of information, and methods of measurement to conclude with a wide range of applications. 752 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The major reason forpresentingabiblio ultraviolet light, or which make only a casual graphy on fluorescence and phosphorescence reference to the fluorescence technique were can be summed up in one statement: A recent usually rejected. However, occasionally survey showed that twenty-two percent of all papers of this nature were included because chemical and clinical research was uninten fluorescence methods seem to have unusual tionally duplicated. A comprehensive source potential for the problems discussed. Again, if pertinent papers were missed the authors book of fluorescence and phosphorescence would be grateful to have these omissions techniques is therefore needed not only to suggest ideas for future research, but to help called to their attention. The abbreviations of journal names em decrease needless duplication and expense, ployed in this Guide are those used by and thus to promote the development of both disciplines. Chemical Abstracts. Each paper has been The authors hope that researchers new given an alpha-numericalidentification. Sec to fluorescence techniques will appreciate tion A contains papers published in theyears the convenience of this Guide for obtaining 1950-1953, section B the years 1954-1956, data which otherwise could be found only by section C the years 1957-1959, and section reviewing dozens of papers, many difficult to D the years 1960-1964. Section E contains find, and that old hands will find ita valuable papers missed in the original compilation. 376 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1 Introduction: Opportunity, Risk and Benefit.- Market opportunities.- Risk versus benefit.- Timing.- The competitive approach.- 2 Concept to Launch: The Development Cycle.- Project phases.- Idea.- Feasibility study.- Laboratory model.- Development.- Production engineering.- Production.- Trials.- Launch.- 3 Setting the Goal.- Projects.- The project leader.- Decision making.- Defining the need.- The requirement specification.- Goal setting.- Managing change.- Roles.- Product issues.- Single point responsibility.- Department versus function.- Status and role.- Motivation.- 4 Seeing in the Dark: The Need to Plan.- Why plan .- Planning tools.- Planning techniques.- Network notation.- Creating a plan.- Planning in practice.- The critical path.- Resourcing.- What if¿ .- Squeezing the plan.- Working with plans.- 5 Organising for Success.- Meetings.- Specifications.- Document control.- Managing change.- Working together.- Purchasing.- Reviews.- 6 Cost and Time.- Estimating.- The cost of change.- Managing cost and time.- Tracking expenditure.- Product cost.- 7 Understanding Technologies.- Managing technology.- Electronics.- Software.- New technologies.- Appendix A: Document Control.- Appendix B: Change Control.- Appendix C: Functional Specification.- Appendix D: Review Guidlines.- Appendix E: Requirement Specification Format. 168 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Man's first experience with the ordered state of matter to which we now apply the generic term 'crystals' came about when he found specimens of some of the natural crystalline mineral substances that are re latively common in the surface and near-surface areas of the earth's crust. His first widespread use of these natural materials in which their crystalline nature was of importance was undoubtedly in fabricating jewelry and otherwise adorning his weapons, tools, and household items. Both the Old and New Testa ments of the Bible document the use of crystalline gems, and the Romans are credited with first employing diamonds-a metastable crystalline form of carbon-in jewelry. Various civilizations appear to have ascribed magical powers to some natural crystals, and they are known to have been widely accepted in Europe as having medicinal properties during the Middle Ages. Given early man's appreciation of the symmetry and beauty of natural crystals, it is not surprising that his earliest interest in working with these materials appears to have been directed toward techniques for duplicating or manufacturing these sub stances that were so highly valued as gems. Although the exact beginning of the science that we now know as 'crystal growth' cannot be precisely specified, we do know that Robert Boyle had attempted to grow crystals that could be used as gems prior to 1672. Much later, in 1873, M. A. 276 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The International Society of Chemotherapy meets every two years to review progress in chemotherapy of infections and of malignant disease. Each meeting gets larger to encompass the extension of chemotherapy into new areas. In some instances, exp~sion has been rapid, for example in cephalosporins, pen icillins and combination chemotherapy of cancer - in others slow, as in the field of parasitology. New problems of resistance and untoward effects arise; reduction of host toxicity without loss of antitumour activity by new substances occupies wide attention. The improved results with cancer chemotherapy, es pecially in leukaemias, are leading to a greater prevalence of severe infection in patients so treated, pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal and diseased subjects is rece1v1ng increasing attention along with related problems of bioavailability and interactions between drugs. Meanwhile the attack on some of the major bacterial infections, such as gonorrhoea and tubercu losis, which were among the first infections to feel the impact of chemotherapy, still continue to be major world problems and are now under attack with new agents and new methods. From this wide field and the 1,000 papers read at the Congress we have produced Proceedings which reflect the variety and vigour of research in this important field of medicine. It was not possible to include all of the papers presented at the Congress but we have attempted to include most aspects of cur rent progress in chemotherapy. 640 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Primarily, the aim of this book is to provide a reference work for senior students and research workers engaged in the synthetic aspects of chemistry. The various classes of compounds under discussion provide useful interme diates for the synthesis of numerous nitrogen-containing derivatives. Imidoyl halides are also intermediates in several classical name reactions, such as the Gattermann, Houben-Hoesch, and Vilsmeier-Haack syntheses of aldehydes and ketones, the Beckmann rearrangement, and the v. Braun degradation. Some imidoyl halides have shown interesting agricultural activities, and the generation of highly reactive species (ketenimines, nitrile oxides, nitrile imides, carbodiimides, etc.) from imidoyl halides has contributed to the study of polar cycloaddition reactions. To enable researchers to utilize this chemistry without consulting the original references, I have included a number of selected working examples. This procedure will facilitate the transformation of written information into well designed experiments, especially since part of the cited literature is not readily available. The book is organized around classes of imidoyl halides, with synthesis and chemistry discussed in an orderly fashion. The physical properties of the known imidoyl halides are listed in tables, and I have attempted to draw attention to the more recent literature. The one or two references provided for each compound represent those which best describe its physical constants and synthesis. 252 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume comprises the lectures given at the Fifth Anniversary Symposium held at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Madras, India, during January 1967. Professor Dallaporta of Padua delivered the inaugural address on the fundamental problem of quasars 'whose study appears to hold im plications for cosmology.' He presented a critical review of several attempts to understand their exceptionally large red shifts and also discussed the physical theories concerning the cause of the explosions which give rise to the quasars and to the tremendous energy output they require - questions which still remain unanswered. He stated, in concluding, that we may have to invoke certain aspects of the present theories of elementary particles in order to unravel these mysteries. Professor Mercier, well known for his studies on the philosophical foundations of modern physics, critically examined the various at tempts, such as that of Einstein, to formulate a unified field theory. 216 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1. UV/Ozone Cleaning of Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Variables of UV/Ozone Cleaning.- 2.1. The Wavelengths Emitted by the UV Sources.- 2.2. Distance between the Sample and the UV Source.- 2.3. The Contaminants.- 2.4. The Precleaning.- 2.5. The Substrate.- 2.6. Rate Enhancement Techniques.- 3. The Mechanism of UV/Ozone Cleaning.- 4. UV/Ozone Cleaning in Vacuum Systems.- 5. Safety Considerations.- 6. UV/Ozone Cleaning Facility Construction.- 7. Applications.- 8. Effects Other Than Cleaning.- 8.1. Oxidation.- 8.2. UV-Enhanced Outgassing.- 8.3. Other Surface/Interface Effects.- 8.4. Etching.- 9. Summary and Conclusions.- References and Notes.- 2. Techniques for Cleaning Liquid Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Origin of Dynamic Liquid Surface Phenomena.- 3. The Notion of Surface Cleanliness.- 4. The History of Clean Surfaces.- 5. The Nature of Surface Contamination.- 6. Cleaning Techniques.- 6.1. Primary Distillation.- 6.2. Further Distillation.- 6.3. Bubble Cleaning.- 6.4. Surface Skimming and Talc Cleaning.- 6.5. Solid Adsorption Techniques.- 6.6. Laser Burning.- 6.7. Solution Preparation.- 6.8. Surface Cleaning in Engineering Applications.- 7. Materials for Clean-Surface Experiments.- 7.1. Principles.- 7.2. Construction of Apparatus.- 7.3. Water Storage Materials.- 8. Cleaning of Apparatus.- 8.1. ¿Hard¿ Materials¿Chromic Acid.- 8.2. Perspex¿Detergents.- 9. General Design Considerations.- 10. Summary.- References.- 3. Hydroson Cleaning of Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Hydroson System.- 3. Experimental Investigation of Mechanisms in the Tank.- 4. Commercial Applications of Hydroson Cleaning.- 5. Safety and Economy.- 6. Recent Developments.- 6.1. Wire Cleaning.- 6.2. Coil Strip Cleaning.- 6.3. Barrel Cleaning and Rinsing.- 6.4. Cleaning Molds in the Glass Industry.- 6.5. Nuclear Industry.- 6.6. Phosphating.- 6.7. Electrodeposition.- 7. Size and Cost of Equipment.- 8. Comparison with Ultrasonic and Megasonic Cleaning.- 9. Conclusion.- References.- 4. Methods of Measurement of Ionic Surface Contamination.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ionic Measurement.- 3. Static Extraction Methods.- 3.1. Egan¿s Method.- 3.2. Method of Hobson and DeNoon.- 3.3. Omega Meter.- 3.4. Ion Chaser.- 3.5. Contaminometer.- 4. Dynamic Extraction Method-Ionograph.- 5. Applications of Ionic Contamination Measurements.- 6. Future Prospects.- 7. Summary.- References.- 5. Characterization of Surface Contaminants by Luminescence Using Ultraviolet Excitation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Luminescence Technique for Surface Detection.- 3. Applications.- 3.1. The Use of UV ¿Black Light¿ for Surface Detection.- 3.2. Study of Workers¿ Skin Contamination by the ¿Skin-Wash¿ Method.- 3.3. The Fiberoptic Luminoscope for Monitoring Occupational Skin Contamination.- 3.4. Detection of Surface Contamination with the Spill Spotter.- 3.5. Remote Sensing with Laser-Based Fluorosensors.- 3.6. A Fluorescent Tracer Detection Technique.- 3.7. Studies of Absorption of Carcinogenic Materials into Mouse Skin.- 3.8. Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Spot Test Techniques.- 3.9. Sensitized Fluorescence Spot Tests.- 3.10. Surface Detection by Room Temperature Phosphorimetry.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- 6. Particulate Surface Contamination and Device Failures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sources of Particulate Contamination.- 2.1. Air.- 2.2. Chemicals.- 2.3. Gases.- 2.4. Wafer Handling.- 3. Effects on Device Performance.- 3.1. Particulate Contamination on Photomasks.- 3.2. Epitaxial Growth.- 3.3. Failure Mechanism in MOS Gate Oxides.- 3.4. Impurity Contamination in Silicon.- 4. Summary.- References.- 7. Effect of Surface Contamination on the Performance of HVDC Insulators.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Overview of the Flashover Process.- 3. Deposition of Particles.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. The Electrical Environment.- 3.3. Charging Mechanisms.- 3.4. Particle Deposition Rates.- 4. Deposition of Moisture.- 5. Thermal Processes.- 6. Localized Electrical Breakdown.- 7. Discharge Growth.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Extinction Theories.- 7.3. Effect of Polarity.- 7.4. Effect of Voltage Waveform.- 7.5. Effect of the Composition of the Conducting Layer.- 7.6. Effect of Ambient Pressure.- 7.7. Effect of Ambient Temperature.- 7.8. Effect of Ambient Gas.- 8. Test Methods to Evaluate Insulator Performance.- 9. Prevention of Flashover.- 9.1. Deposition of Contamination.- 9.2. Deposition of Moisture.- 9.3. Dry-Band Formation and Electric Field Concentration.- 9.4. Localized Electrical Breakdown across the Dry Band.- 9.5. Discharge Growth.- 10. Conclusions and Future Prospects.- References.- 8. Effect of Surface Contamination on Electric Contact Performance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sources of Contamination.- 2.1. Oxidation and Corrosion.- 2.2. Particulates.- 2.3. Thermal Diffusion.- 2.4. Fretting.- 2.5. Manufacturing Processes.- 2.6. Outgassing and Condensation on Contact Surfaces of Volatiles from Noncontact Materials.- 3. Effects of Contamination.- 3.1. Direct.- 3.2. Indirect.- 4. Contact Resistance Probes for the Detection and Characterization of Contamination.- 4.1. Description of Probes.- 4.2. Determination of Contact Resistance.- 4.3. Modes of Operation.- 5. Summary.- References.- 9. The Role of Surface Contaminants in the Solid-State Welding of Metals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of Contaminants in Preventing Solid-State Welds.- 3. Classification of Surface Contaminants.- 3.1. Inorganic Films.- 3.2. Organic Contaminants.- 3.3. Particulate Contaminants.- 4. Role of Contaminant Properties.- 4.1. Inorganic Films.- 4.2. Organic Films.- 4.3. Particulate Contaminants.- 5. Mechanisms for Elimination of Surface Barriers during Solid-State Welding.- 5.1. Thermal Mechanisms Occurring during Diffusion Welding.- 5.2. Deformation Welding.- 5.2.1. Mechanical Mechanisms.- 5.2.2. Thermal Mechanisms.- 6. Surface Preparation.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 10. Surface Contamination and Contact Electrification.- 1. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There are currently about 21 million people over 6S years in the United States and over a million of them suffer from a severe degree of mental impairment. This number will undoubtedly increase as more and more people attain their full lifespan. The Veterans Administration is acutely aware of this problem in the population it serves. Currently, there are about 31 million veterans in the United States. About 13 percent of these veterans are over 6S years of age and the number is expected to increase to 40 percent by the turn of the century. In recognition of the pressing need to address this problem, eight Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Centers (GRECC) have been established under the auspices of the Veterans Administration and the guiding spirit of Dr. Paul Haber, Assistant Chief Medical Director for Professional Services, Veterans Administration. The purpose of these centers is to develop a better understanding of the complex biomedical and socio-economic problems of the aged in general and to enhance the quality of life of the older veterans in particular o Gerontologists working towards a better understanding of the aging process and better care of the aged have made major progress in the biomedical field in the last decade. Among the efforts made by the Veterans Administration, the department of Extended Care and Academic Affairs have sponsored a number of symposia in the field of Gerontology. 320 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The present book contains the Proceedings of a two day Symposium on Uremic Toxins organized at the University of Ghent in Belgium. A series of guest lectures, free communications and posters have been presented. An international audience of 163 scientists from 16 nationalities listened to and discussed extensively a spectrum of topics brought forward by colleagues and researchers who worked for many years in the field of Uremic Toxins. There is a striking contrast between all the new dialysis strategies available in the work to 'clean' the uremic patients and the almost non-progression of our knowledge on uremic toxins in the past decade. In this sense the symposium was felt by all participants as a new start for the research in the biochemical field of the definition of uremia. If the present volume would stimulate new work in this field in order to define uremia, or identify the uremic toxins, the purpose of the organizers would be maximally fulfilled. 312 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Immune Complexes and Human Cancer, the fifteenth volume of Contem porary Topics in Immunobiology, is a compilation of information derived from recent studies on the role of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the patho genic manifestations of a variety of human cancers. Technical improvements in the detection of CIC in body fluids have resulted in data that indicate that CIC do occur in different types of cancer. In addition, tumor-associated antigens and antibodies have been detected in immune complexes of cancer patients' sera. Until recently the exact role and clinical relevance of immune complexes have been the subject of debate, partially because of the problems encountered in measuring immune complexes. But these problems are being confronted as more accurate measurement protocols are developed. Technical refinements, along with strict protocols, have provided evidence of heterogeneity in CIC, a factor that makes accurate detection of immune complexes in cancer patients difficult. Recent insights indicate that the measurement of immune complexes in cancer patients may be clinically useful not only as a tumor marker, but also in regard to the deranged immune response of tumor-bearing hosts and other disorders such as nephrotic syndrome, immune anemias, and clotting dysfunction. 300 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This is the first book in the series that is being called The Reviews of Infrared and Millimeter Waves. The series will contain the manuscripts of invited papers from conferences on this subject. This first book contains some of the invited papers from the XXth General Assembly of the Union-Radio-Scientifique Internationale, Washington, August, 1981. We were asked by the URSI Cornmittee to organize a two day symposium on millimeter and submillimeter waves This required the difficult choice of five topics which turned out to be (1) Ultra-low Noise Millimeter Wave Rec~ivers (Detectors and Mixers), (2) Free Electron Maser and Gyrotron, (3) Measurements of Power and Noise Power, (4) Complex Dielectric Properties of Solids and Liquids, and (5) Radioastronomy. We have not yet collected all the m . . nuscripts and perhaps we never shall because the tine-. consur. J. ing effort required to prepare a comprehensive review nanuscript works a hardship on research scientists who are already overburdened. 've are particularly grateful, therefore, to the authors lVho have worked so hard to contribute the chapters to this book. The first four chapters contibute to the timely topic of detectors, nixers and re ceivers. These authors: Tucker, Feldman, Rudner, Okamura, Hogg and their well-known colleagues have been among the leaders in this exciting emerging field for the past few years. The fifth chapter by Sakai and Genzel is the most comprehensive treatment of the metal mesh filter science that can be found in one place. 384 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Important advances in a subject are as often promoted by a new technique as by new concepts and theories. In the study of electrode reactions which involve diffusion in a primary or a secondary step, the development and use of techniques involving rotating disc electrodes and derived instrumentation based on ring-disc and split-ring systems has enabled advances of great importance to be made in the quantitative examination of diffusion processes at electrodes and their role in electrode processes generally. The technique allows precisely defined mass-transport conditions to be set up which can be subjected to exact mathe matical analysis so that quantitative treatment of hydrodynamic and diffusion behavior can be made. Of special interest for elec trochemists is the opportunity which the rotating ring-disc system offers for studying solution-soluble intermediates in sequential electrode processes and the kinetics of their reactions in solution. In this book by Pleskov and Filinovskii, both the experimental techniques and the mathematical analysis for the treatments of results for various conditions and types of reaction are described in detail. We believe that presentation of work that has been car ried out by means of rotating electrode techniques, to a large extent by Russian workers, in the form of a concise book will be of great value both to electrochemists and kineticists, and those interested in the physics of fluid motion. 424 pp. Englisch. …