Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 0956978479 ISBN 13: 9780956978479
Librería: GreatBookPrices, Columbia, MD, Estados Unidos de America
Condición: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.
Más opciones de compra de otros vendedores en IberLibro
Nuevo desde EUR 15,52
Usado desde EUR 13,01
Encuentre también Tapa blanda
Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 0956978428 ISBN 13: 9780956978424
Librería: GreatBookPrices, Columbia, MD, Estados Unidos de America
Condición: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.
Más opciones de compra de otros vendedores en IberLibro
Nuevo desde EUR 15,42
Usado desde EUR 13,04
Encuentre también Tapa blanda
Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 0956978452 ISBN 13: 9780956978455
Librería: GreatBookPrices, Columbia, MD, Estados Unidos de America
Condición: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.
Más opciones de compra de otros vendedores en IberLibro
Nuevo desde EUR 21,19
Usado desde EUR 13,17
Encuentre también Tapa blanda
Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 0956978436 ISBN 13: 9780956978431
Librería: PBShop.store US, Wood Dale, IL, Estados Unidos de America
PAP. Condición: New. New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.
Más opciones de compra de otros vendedores en IberLibro
Nuevo desde EUR 15,61
Encuentre también Tapa blanda
Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 0956978401 ISBN 13: 9780956978400
Librería: WeBuyBooks, Rossendale, LANCS, Reino Unido
Condición: Good. Most items will be dispatched the same or the next working day.
Más opciones de compra de otros vendedores en IberLibro
Nuevo desde EUR 21,42
Usado desde EUR 17,78
Encuentre también Tapa blanda
Publicado por Key to Books, 2014
ISBN 10: 0956978444 ISBN 13: 9780956978448
Librería: Better World Books Ltd, Dunfermline, Reino Unido
Condición: Good. Ships from the UK. Former library book; may include library markings. Used book that is in clean, average condition without any missing pages.
Más opciones de compra de otros vendedores en IberLibro
Nuevo desde EUR 21,42
Usado desde EUR 18,01
Encuentre también Tapa blanda
Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 095697841X ISBN 13: 9780956978417
Librería: Revaluation Books, Exeter, Reino Unido
Paperback. Condición: Brand New. 2nd edition edition. 128 pages. 8.39x5.39x0.43 inches. In Stock.
Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 0956978460 ISBN 13: 9780956978462
Librería: Revaluation Books, Exeter, Reino Unido
Paperback. Condición: Brand New. In Stock.
Más opciones de compra de otros vendedores en IberLibro
Nuevo desde EUR 22,77
Encuentre también Tapa blanda
Publicado por Key to Books, 2012
ISBN 10: 0956978487 ISBN 13: 9780956978486
Librería: Revaluation Books, Exeter, Reino Unido
Paperback. Condición: Brand New. 2nd edition edition. 196 pages. 8.50x5.39x0.59 inches. In Stock.
Publicado por Key Porter Books, to, 1989
ISBN 10: 1550131214 ISBN 13: 9781550131215
Librería: June Samaras, STREETSVILLE, ON, Canada
Original o primera edición
Hardcover. Condición: As New. Estado de la sobrecubierta: As New. 1st Canadian Edition. "This splendidly illustrated book brings together archival and contemporary photographs; superb reproductions of rarely-seen paintings belonging to the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa; and an astute text by veteran naval officer, Jack Macbeth. Together they vividly convey the proud story of what was once the fourth most powerful navy in the world." 176p.illus index. Book.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: colored, condition: Some folds, margin partly resored, size (in cm): 28 x 16; - Representation of japanese emperor.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Very good, size (in cm): 16,5 x 26; - Representation of natives of New Guinea.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: colored, condition: Perfect condition, size (in cm): 234,5 x 33 cm; - Decorative view of the harbour ciyt Larache in the north of Marikko, vith off shore shipps and a title cartouche.Larache is an important harbour town in the region of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima in northern Morocco. The town was probably founded by the Banu Arous tribe, who gave it the name Araich Beni Arous. In 1471, the Portuguese settlers from Asilah and Tangier drove the inhabitants out of Larache, and again it remained uninhabited until the Saadi Sultan Mohammed ash-Sheikh decided to repopulate it and build a stronghold on the plateau above river Loukos. He constructed a fortress at the entrance to the port as a means of controlling access to the river. In the 15th century superpower due to their marine expenditures Portugal spoke of Larache as the largest Port.; History: Morocco: Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule, when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century, allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, which rules to this day, seized power in 1631. The country's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe, and in 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier. It regained its independence in 1956, and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards, with the fifth largest economy in Africa.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: black/white, condition: Margin enlarged, size (in cm): 29 x 34 cm; - The Temple or Holy Temple in Jerusalem . The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple was one of a series of structures which were located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, the current site of the Dome of the Rock. These successive temples stood at this location and functioned as a site of ancient Israelite and later Jewish worship.; History: The first archaeologically proven traces of an early or proto-Israelite settlement in the Mashrek region go back to the period between the 12th and 11th centuries BC. BC back. According to biblical tradition, Jerusalem was founded around 1000 BC. Conquered by David from the Jebusites and chosen as the capital of his great empire. The country subsequently became part of the Persian Empire, then the Empire of Alexander the Great, and finally the Empire of the Seleucids. The Maccabees revolt in 165 BC BC brought Israel once more state independence for about 100 years. 63 BC The time of Roman supremacy began. The Romans divided the area into two provinces: Syria in the north, Judea in the south. In the course of the Islamic expansion, the area came under Arab rule in 636. Since then, Palestine has been predominantly inhabited by Arabs. The crusaders ruled from 1099 to 1291 what they called the "Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem". This was followed by the Mamluks from 1291 to 1517 and then the Ottoman rule from 1517 to 1918. None of these authorities had planned their own administration for Palestine or viewed the area as an independent geographical unit. The region was also part of Syria for the Ottomans, probably going back to the Roman name Syria.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper/Waasberger Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: ; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Ca, 1635
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: colored, condition: Some restoration at centerfold, size (in cm): 26 x 31; - Map shows the island Saint Helena as bird s eye view.; History: Due to its remoteness and cliffs, St. Helena was uninhabited until the 16th century. In 1502 the Portuguese João da Nova landed on the island and named it after Helena, the mother of Emperor Constantine, as the day it was discovered was her name day. The Portuguese imported fruits and built some houses and a chapel. When they sailed on, they left their sick on the island but did not establish a permanent settlement. The Portuguese kept the island's existence a secret in order to secure its strategic importance. The island's first long-term resident was Fernão Lopes, a Portuguese soldier who had been severely punished by the governor of Goa for treason. On his way back to Portugal in 1516, he left the ship with a stopover on St. Helena and was left alone on the island. He died there around 1546. The first Englishman on the island was Thomas Cavendish, who anchored off St. Helena on 1588 with his ship Desire from the Pacific and stayed for twelve days. He described the island as an "earthly paradise"; from now on it was no longer a secret. James Lancaster arrived on the island in 1591. Around 1600 the Portuguese gave up St. Helena. Immediately afterwards it was occupied by the Dutch. The Dutch occupation lasted until 1651. In 1659 the British East India Company took possession of the island and built the fort (Jamestown) and a garrison. In 1673 the Dutch occupied St. Helena again, but were soon driven out by the English. The company that officially owned the island built large farms on which many blacks and Chinese worked. The wealth of St. Helenas increased, because because of the safe location large amounts of gold were kept and wealthy merchants resided on the island. The island of St. Helena has been a place of exile for heads of state and other personalities, such as Napoleon, the Zulu ruler Dinuzulu ka Cetshwayo, the Boer general Piet Cronjé with his soldiers and Chalid ibn Barghasch, who was ruler of the Sultanate of Zanzibar for a few days in 1896 .
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Perfect condition, size (in cm): 29 x 35; - Decorative representation of the arrival of european embassadeurs in China.; History: By the 15th century, Beijing had essentially taken its current shape. The Ming city wall continued to serve until modern times, when it was pulled down and the 2nd Ring Road was built in its place. It is generally believed that Beijing was the largest city in the world for most of the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.The first known church was constructed by Catholics in 1652 at the former site of Matteo Ricci's chapel; the modern Nantang Cathedral was later built upon the same site. The capture of Beijing by Li Zicheng's peasant army in 1644 ended the dynasty, but he and his Shun court abandoned the city without a fight when the Manchu army of Prince Dorgon arrived 40 days later. The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty( the years 1420 to 1912). It is located in the center of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum. When Hongwu Emperor's son Zhu Di became the Yongle Emperor, he moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, and construction began in 1406 on what would become the Forbidden City. Construction lasted 14 years and required more than a million workers. It served as the home of emperors and their households as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government for almost 500 years. The palace complex exemplifies traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere. Since 1925 the Forbidden City has been under the charge of the Palace Museum, whose extensive collection of artwork and artifacts were built upon the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Perfect condition, size (in cm): 28 x 34; - Decorativ view of the city Abidos in Turkeiy with ships in the foreground.; History: Abydos or Abydus, an ancient city of Troad (Troas), in Asia Minor, situated at Nara Burnu or Nagara Point on the best harbor on the Asiatic shore of the Hellespont. Across Abydos lies Sestus on the European side, marking one of the narrowest points of the Dardanelles, slightly more than a nautical mile broad (the narrowest point is at Canakkale). The strategic site has been a prohibited zone in the 20th century. Hero and Leander's story took place near Abydos.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Perfect condition, size (in cm): 26 x 33,5 cm; - Map shows the city of Lovango from a bird's eye view and an index.; History: The indigenous population of today's state consisted of pygmies, who are now only a small minority. Bantu peoples immigrated for centuries. Among the states there, the Kingdom of the Congo, founded in the 14th century and one of the largest African states ever, emerged. In the 15th century, Portuguese sailors around Diogo Cão explored the area of the Congo estuary and established diplomatic relations with the Congo Empire in 1491. From the 16th century onwards, the Congo Empire was in decline. By the end of the 17th century, the kingdom was completely destroyed, as well as being exploited and looted by slave hunters. After this collapse, the Portuguese supremacy was replaced by that of the Dutch and British. At the beginning of the 18th century the Congo Empire had almost completely disintegrated. In 1866 the last Portuguese left. In the 1870s, Henry Morton Stanley from Welsh was the first European to travel to the hinterland. He proposed that the Congo be incorporated into the British colonial empire. The British government refused because it was primarily interested in the sources of the Nile. The Democratic Republic of the Congo was originally administered as the Belgian Congo by a legislative assembly and regional assemblies made up of only Europeans appointed by colonial authorities. By the late 1950s there was a greater turnout of Africans, but not full voting rights until independence when the colony was renamed Zaire. With the global striving for independence in the colonies, the pressure for state self-determination also grew in the Congo. After the first unrest in the capital Léopoldville and under pressure from the global public, Belgium suddenly withdrew from the Congo in early 1959, leaving behind a chaos. In 1960 the Congo gained independence.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Very good, size (in cm): 24,5 x 33,5; - Map shows the Fort Nassau on the island Gore in Senegal; History: In 1444, the first Portuguese ship reached the coast off what is now Senegal. The Portuguese were primarily interested in trading African gold, bypassing the Arabs. In the following centuries, the trade was carried on by lançados, descendants of Portuguese sailors and African women. Communities of Lançados existed in numerous places along the African coast; however, these were not initially colonies. Toward the end of the 15th century, a strong northern migration of Tukulor took place, finally destroying the state of Takrur and causing Jolof to break up into several kingdoms, namely Waalo, Cayor, Baol, Sine, and Saloum. These states were all unstable; nobles, kings, and members of the warrior caste of the old Mali Empire fought for influence.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: ; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cairo Cape To, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Original o primera edición
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Perfect condition, size (in cm): 27 x 35 cm; - Map shows the entire city of Tripoli in Libya with splendid depictions of ships in the foreground and a title cartouche surrounded by war accessories. First edition in French. Reverse without print.; History: Tripoli is the capital city and the largest city of Libya. The city was founded in the 7th century BC, by the Phoenicians. It is also known as Tripoli-of-the-West to distinguish it from its Phoenician sister city Tripoli, Lebanon meaning Levantine Tripoli. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Effective Ottoman rule during this period (1551?1711) was often hampered by the local Janissary corps. Intended to function as enforcers of local administration, the captain of the Janissaries and his cronies were often the de facto rulers. In 1711, Ahmed Karamanli, a Janissary officer of Turkish origin, killed the Ottoman governor, the Pasha and established himself as ruler of the Tripolitania region. By 1714, he had asserted a sort of semi-independence from the Ottoman Sultan, heralding in the Karamanli dynasty. The Pashas of Tripoli were expected to pay a regular tributary tax to the Sultan, but were in all other aspects rulers of an independent kingdom. This order of things continued under the rule of his descendants, accompanied by the brazen piracy and blackmailing until 1835, when the Ottoman Empire took advantage of an internal struggle and re-established its authority.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers Benin Cair, 1636
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Perfect condition, size (in cm): 26 x 35,5 cm; - Map shows the city of Algiers in Algeria. In the foreground several shipstafagen and a title cartouche.; History: The area of today's Algeria was originally inhabited by Berber tribes, in the east of Tuareg. From the 12th century BC The Phoenicians established trading bases on the coast and founded it in 814 BC. BC the commercial city of Carthage in what is now Tunisia, which subsequently developed into a major power in the western Mediterranean. Around the middle of the 7th century, the Arabs advanced into the Maghreb. In 697 they conquered much of today's Algeria. The population was largely Islamized. In the 11th century, the Berber dynasty of the Almoravids prevailed in what is now Algeria; it ruled the country for almost 100 years until it was replaced by the Almohads in 1147. This dynasty subsequently conquered the Maghreb and southern Spain; the empire then fell apart in the second half of the 13th century. Eastern Algeria became part of a Tunisian principality. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Spaniards tried to gain a foothold on the Algerian coast. The country then submitted to the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire in 1519 and became its vassal; Algeria, the Eyâlet Cezayir was converted to a Vilâyet within the Ottoman Empire and later. It remained under Ottoman sovereignty until 1830, but was effectively independent from 1711. Until the 19th century, Algeria successfully defended itself against attempts by the Spanish, Dutch, British and French to curb piracy.
Publicado por Artist: Dapper/Waasberger Olfert ( - 1689 ) Amsterdam ; issued in: Amsterdam; - Olfert Dapper was a Dutch physician and writer He wrote books about world history and geography although he never travelled outside the Netherlands In 1663 wrote a book on the history of Amsterdam His Description of Africa (1668) is a key text for African studies His book "is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa published in German Translations appeared in English French and German Dapper never traveled to Africa but used reports by Jesuit missionaries and other (Dutch) explorers Within a few years he published about China India Persia Georgia and Arabia His books became well known in his own time The fine plates include views of Algiers, 1635
Librería: Antique Sommer& Sapunaru KG, München, Alemania
Technic: Copper print, colorit: original colored, condition: Perfect condition, size (in cm): 28 x 36 cm; - Map shows the whole of Madagascar, the island of La Réunion, the coast of Mozambique, two wind roses, four sailing ships and a title cartouche.; History: Madagascar- officially the Republic of Madagascar , and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa. Madagascar was an important transoceanic trading hub connecting ports of the Indian Ocean in the early centuries following human settlement. The written history of Madagascar began with the Arabs, who established trading posts along the northwest coast by at least the 10th century. From about 1774 to 1824, Madagascar gained prominence among pirates and European traders, particularly those involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Many European sailors were shipwrecked on the coasts of the island, among them Robert Drury, whose journal is one of the few written depictions of life in southern Madagascar during the 18th century. The wealth generated by maritime trade spurred the rise of organized kingdoms on the island, some of which had grown quite powerful by the 17th century. Among these were the Betsimisaraka alliance of the eastern coast and the Sakalava chiefdoms of Menabe and Boina on the west coast. The Kingdom of Imerina, located in the central highlands with its capital at the royal palace of Antananarivo, emerged at around the same time under the leadership of King Andriamanelo.