Schr dl m (5 resultados)

4 pp., 9 figs, 4.

The phylogenetic position of Corambidae has been subject to much speculation. Most of the confusion has arisen from insufficient anatomical knowledge and from interpretations which have not followed the rules of Hennigian phylogenetic systematics. In this study, as a model system, the poorly known Chilean species Corambe lucea Marcus, 1959 is redescribed in detail: digestive, reproductive, central nervous, circulatory, and excretory systems are examined anatomically and histologically. New biological data are also given. After critical comparison with congeners, C. lucea is confirmed to be a valid species. Major organ systems of C. lucea are discussed comparatively and used to resolve phylogenetic relationships. Gill structure and circulatory system of the Corambidae are homologous to that of the Anthobranchia bauplan but not to the secondary gills and circulatory system of the Phyllidiidae. The similar lateral position of respiratory organs and a posteroventral anus in some Corambidae and Phyllidiidae is clearly due to convergence; the two groups are true doridoidean nudibranchs but there is no indication for a sistergroup relationship. Corambids are shown to belong to the monophyletic group Suctoria which is characterized by the unique and complex autapomorphies ?possession of a dorsal buccal pump? and ?possession of a large first lateral tooth with a long, denticulated hook? 14 pp., 13 figs, 4.…

The Flabellinidae, a heterogeneous assembly of supposedly plesiomorphic to very derived sea slug groups, have not yet been addressed by integrative studies. Here novel material of rarely seen Arctic taxa as well as North Atlantic, North and South Pacific, and tropical Indo-West Pacific flabellinid species is investigated morpho-anatomically and with multi-locus markers (partial COI, 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA and H3) which were generated and analysed in a comprehensive aeolid taxon sampling. It was found that the current family Flabellinidae is polyphyletic and its phylogeny and taxonomic patterns cannot be understood without considering members from all the Aeolidacean families and, based on a robust phylogenetic hypothesis, morpho-anatomical evolution of aeolids is more complex than suspected in earlier works and requires reclassification of the taxon. Morphological diversity of Flabellinidae is corroborated by molecular divergence rates and supports establishing three new families (Apataidae fam. n., Flabellinopsidae fam. n., Samlidae fam. n.), 16 new genera, 13 new species, and two new subspecies among the former Flabellinidae. Two families, namely Coryphellidae and Paracoryphellidae, are restored and traditional Flabellinidae is considerably restricted. The distinctness of the recently described family Unidentiidae is confirmed by both morphological and molecular data. Several species complexes among all ex-?Flabellinidae? lineages are recognised using both morphological and molecular data. The present study shows that Facelinidae and Aeolidiidae, together with traditional ?Tergipedidae?, deeply divide traditional ?Flabellinidae.? Diagnoses for all aeolidacean families are therefore provided and additionally two new non-flabellinid families (Abronicidae fam. n. and Murmaniidae fam. n.) within traditional tergipedids are established to accommodate molecular and morphological disparity. To address relationships and disparity, we propose a new family system for aeolids. Here the aeolidacean species are classified into at least 102 genera and 24 families. Operational rules for integration of morphological and molecular data for taxonomy are suggested. 139 pp., 48 figs, br. gr. 8.…

2,604 names at the rank of subtribe, tribe, subfamily, family and superfamily have been proposed for Recent and fossil gastropods, and another 35 for monoplacophorans. All names are listed in a nomenclator giving full bibliographical reference, date of publication, typification, and their nomenclatural availability and validity under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Another 790 names, established for categories above the familygroup (infraorder to subclass) are listed separately. A fully ranked, hierarchical classification summarizes recent advances in the phylogeny of the Gastropoda and Monoplacophora. In all, the classification recognizes as valid a total of 721 gastropod families, of which 245 are known exclusively as fossils and 476 occur in the Recent with or without a fossil record; and 20 monoplacophoran families, of which 1 only occurs as Recent. Nomenclatural acts in this work: Amberleya bathonica Cox & Arkell, 1950, fixed as type species of Amberleya J. Morris & Lycett, 1851, under Art. 70.3; Ampezzopleura tenuis N?tzel, 1998, fixed as type species of Ampezzopleura Bandel, 1991, under Art. 70.3; Proserpina nitida G. B. Sowerby II, 1839, designated type species of Despoena Newton, 1891; Buccinum glabratum Linnaeus, 1758, designated type species of Dipsaccus H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853; Murex ficus Linnaeus, 1758, designated type species of Ficula Swainson, 1835; Oncomelania hupensis Gredler, 1881, designated type species of Hemibia Heude, 1890; Murex metaxa Delle Chiaje, 1828, fixed as type species of Metaxia Monterosato, 1884 under Art. 70.3; Neridomus anglicus Cox & Arkell, 1950, fixed as type species of Neridomus J. Morris & Lycett, 1851, under Art. 70.3; Navicella clypeolum R?cluz, 1843, designated type species of Orthopoma Gray, 1868; Trochus viadrinus M. Schmidt, 1905, fixed as type species of Parataphrus Chavan, 1954 under Art. 70.3; Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758, designated type species of Pentataenia A. Schmidt, 1855; Flammulina ponsonbyi Suter, 1897, fixed as type species of Phenacohelix Suter, 1892, under Art. 70.3; Cyrtolites corniculum Eichwald, 1860, fixed as type species of Pollicina Koken, 1895, under Art. 70.3; Purpurina elegantula d Orbigny, 1850, designated as type species of Purpurina d Orbigny, 1850, and lectotype of Turbo bellona d Orbigny, 1850, designated as neotype of Purpurina elegantula; Pyramidella minuscula Monterosato, 1880, fixed as type species of Tiberia Jeffreys, 1884, under Art. 70.3; Cyclostoma delicatum Philippi, 1844, fixed as type species of Trachysma G. O. Sars, 1878, under Art. 70.3; Helix elegans Gmelin, 1791, fixed as type species of Trochoidea T. Brown, 1827, under Art. 70.3; Turritellopsis stimpsoni Dall, 1919, fixed as type species of Turritellopsis G. O. Sars, 1878, under Art. 70.3; Fusus averillii Gabb, 1864, fixed as type species of Volutoderma Gabb, 1876, under Art. 70.3; Voluta pepo Lightfoot, 1786, fixed as type species of Yetus Bowdich, 1822. Curnonidae d Udekem d Acoz, nom. nov., and Curnon d Udekem d Acoz, nom. nov., are established for Charcotiidae Odhner, 1926, and Charcotia Vayssi?re, 1906, (between 27 March and 1 May), non Charcotia Chevreux, 1906 (January) [Amphipoda]; Yuopisthonematidae N?tzel, nom. nov., and Yuopisthonema N?tzel, nom. nov., are established for Opisthonematidae Yu, 1976, and Opisthonema Yu, 1974, non Gill, 1862 [Pisces]. The new family-group name Burnupiidae Albrecht is established in this work; and the names Scolodontina and Orthalicoidei are first used here to denote, respectively, a suborder containing the family Scolodontidae, and an infraorder containing the superfamily Orthalicoidea. 526 pp., br. gr. 8.…

The present book aims, in contrast to other volumes, not to represent all molluscan species living in European seas (i.e. from the Canary Islands and the Azores in the (South-) West, to Scandinavia in the North and the entire Mediterranean (sometimes the Black Sea) and the Baltic Sea to the East). Instead, our book should enable interested amateurs as well as zoologists and oceanographers to identify common species which can easily be found without costly technical equipment. It however also wants to provide an overview about the molluscan fauna of the European seas. We tried to be up to date, but did not aim to be complete. We want to encourage interested amateurs but also students of biology to become familiar with Mollusca, a fascinating animal group. A scientific shell collection or a collection of mollusc photographs may be the basis of such an interest. Considering that more and more species - also in the oceans - are becoming endangered or even disappear for ever, experts who know about these species and their biology are badly needed. Protection needs knowledge: If the knowledge about the species gets lost, nobody will notice their disappearance. You only can protect what you love, and you only can love what you know (Konrad Lorenz). The present book is intended as a field identification guide , to be applied during excursions and collection trips and should therefore enable the quick identification of mollusc material. Indeed, the vast majority of molluscan findings, if they are not of deep-water origin, should be easily identified at least down to genus level. General and more specific literature is listed at the end of this volume. The book contains more than 1500 species of all molluscan groups (i.e. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, including Nudibranchs, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda) which are described and discussed in detail and of which about 1400 are pictured usually with several specimens on 350 colour plates. Besides this, different topics concerning responsible collecting, ecology, biology, protection of nature and many more are presented in short essays. 803 pp., 355 color plates, hardcover gr. 8 [17.5 x 24.5 cm]. …