analyst discourse addressed infidel mathematician de george berkeley (72 resultados)

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Facsimile reprint of the 1754 (2nd) edition. 8vo. Prelims. + 231pp. Paperback in original blue wrapps. lettered in cream, ownership inscription to verso of upper wrapp. US$12.

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Condición: Fine. Condition: Fine, Pages: 0, Size: 0x0x0.

Leatherbound. Condición: NEW. Leatherbound edition. Condition: New. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. Pages: 122. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Reprinted from 1734 edition. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. IF YOU WISH TO ORDER PARTICULAR VOLUME OR ALL THE VOLUMES YOU CAN CONTACT US. Resized as per current standards. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Language: English Pages: 122.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. Leatherbound edition. Condition: New. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. Pages: 458. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Reprinted from 1754 edition. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. IF YOU WISH TO ORDER PARTICULAR VOLUME OR ALL THE VOLUMES YOU CAN CONTACT US. Resized as per current standards. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Language: English Pages: 458.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from 1734 edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Pages: 116 NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 116 Berkeley, George, 1685-1753,Gipps, George, Sir, 1791-1847 (bookplate).

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from 1754 edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Pages: 99 NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 99.

First edition. BERKELEY'S FOUNDATIONAL CRITIQUE OF THE CALCULUS . First edition of Berkeley's famous attack on the calculus of Newton and Leibniz, which the historian Florian Cajori described as "the most spectacular event of the century in the history of British mathematics" (History of the Calculus, p. 57), bound with Berkeley's important Theory of Vision (1733) and Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics (1735), and five further pamphlets. "The Analyst is a criticism of the calculus, in both its Newtonian and Leibnizian formulations, arguing that the foundations of the calculus are incoherent and the reasoning employed inconsistent. Berkeley's powerful objections provoked numerous responses, and the task of replying to them set the agenda for much of British mathematics in the 1730s and 1740s" (Jesseph, p. 121). Perhaps the most famous passage in the book (p. 59), and a vivid example of Berkeley's wit, is his response to the idea that fluxions could be defined using ultimate ratios of vanishing quantities: 'It must, indeed, be acknowledged, that [Newton] used Fluxions, like the Scaffold of a building, as things to be laid aside or got rid of, as soon as finite Lines were found proportional to them. But then these finite Exponents are found by the help of Fluxions. Whatever therefore is got by such Exponents and Proportions is to be ascribed to Fluxions: which must therefore be previously understood. And what are these Fluxions? The Velocities of evanescent Increments? And what are these same evanescent Increments? They are neither finite Quantities nor Quantities infinitely small, nor yet nothing. May we not call them the Ghosts of departed Quantities?' Modern historians have argued that the expression 'Ghosts of departed Quantities' was intended to address both Leibnizian infinitesimals and Newtonian fluxions. "Berkeley's attack on the calculus pointed out real deficiencies his attack was also incisive, witty, and infuriating. Many mathematicians were moved to try to answer it. In fact, several important eighteenth-century discussions of the foundations of the calculus can be traced back to Berkeley's attack. For instance, Maclaurin's monumental two-volume A Treatise ofFluxions began as a reply to Berkeley. Berkeley's attack had a more lasting effect than simply stimulating an immediate set of replies; it served to keep the question of foundations alive and under discussion, and it pointed to the questions which had to be answered if a successful foundation were to be given. D'Alembert and Lazare Carnot both used some of Berkeley's arguments in their own discussions of foundations, and Lagrange took Berkeley's criticisms with the utmost seriousness" (Grabiner, p. 27). Despite these 18th century attempts, calculus was not placed on a secure foundation until around 1820, with the work of Bolzano and Cauchy on the theory of limits. The 'Infidel Mathematician' in the title is thought to be Edmund Halley (1656-1742). "As a result [of the publication of The Analyst], there appeared within the next seven years some thirty pamphlets and articles which attempted to remedy the situation. The first appeared in 1734, a pamphlet by James Jurin, Geometry No Friend to Indidelity . Berkeley answered Jurin in 1735, in A Defence of Freethinking in Mathematics [bound in the offered volume], and justly asserted that the latter was attempting to defend what he did not understand. In this work Berkeley again appealed to the divergence in Newton's views as presented in De analysi, the Principia, and De quadratura to show a lack of clarity in the ides of moments, fluxions, and limits . In the meantime, however, numerous attempts, some noteworthy and others insignificant, were made to find new and more satisfactory forms and arguments in which to present Newton's method. By far the ablest and most famous of these was made by Colin Maclaurin. In his Treatise of Fluxions, in 1744, he aimed not to alter the conceptions invlolved in Newton's fluxions, but to demonstrate the validity of his method by rigorous procedures of the ancients to deduce the new analysis from a few 'unexceptional principles'. Maclaurin professed in the preface of this work that the Analyst controversy had given occasion to his treatise" (Boyer). Berkeley's Theory of Vision (1733), also bound into this volume, is a follow-up and defence of his earlier Essay towards a New Theory of Vision (1709) in which he had attacked Newton's cosmology. Keynes describes the 1733 as a work "of major importance". "Most mathematicians who dealt with calculus techniques in the early 18th century did not worry overmuch about foundational questions. Indeed, it is significant that the first intensive discussion on the foundations of the calculus was not caused by difficulties encountered in working out or applying the new techniques, but by the critique of an outsider on the pretence of mathematicians that their science is based on secure foundations and therefore attains truth. The outsider was Bishop George Berkeley (1685-1753), the famous philosopher, and the target of his critique is made quite clear in the title of [the present work]. In sharp but captivating words he exposed the vagueness of infinitely small quantities, evanescent increments and their ratios, higher-order differentials and higher-order fluxions (para. 4): 'Now as our Sense is strained and puzzled with the perception of Objects extremely minute, even so the Imagination, which Faculty derives from Sense, is very much strained and puzzled to frame clear Ideas of the least Particles of time, or the least Increments generated therein: and much more so to comprehend the Moments, or those Increments of the flowing Quantities in statu nascenti, in their very first origin or beginning to exist, before they become finite Particles. And it seems still more difficult, to conceive the abstracted Velocities of such nascent imperfect Entities. But the Velocities of the Velocities, the second, third, fourth and.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from 1754 edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. Pages: 457 NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 457.

Leather Bound. Condición: New. Language: English. Presenting an Exquisite Leather-Bound Edition, expertly crafted by the prestigious organization "Rare Biblio" with Original Natural Leather that gracefully adorns the spine and corners. The allure continues with Golden Leaf Printing that adds a touch of elegance, while Hand Embossing on the rounded spine lends an artistic flair. This masterpiece has been meticulously reprinted in 2024, utilizing the invaluable guidance of the original edition published many years ago in 1734. The contents of this book are presented in classic black and white. Its durability is ensured through a meticulous sewing binding technique, enhancing its longevity. Imprinted on top-tier quality paper. A team of professionals has expertly processed each page, delicately preserving its content without alteration. Due to the vintage nature of these books, every page has been manually restored for legibility. However, in certain instances, occasional blurriness, missing segments, or faint black spots might persist. We sincerely hope for your understanding of the challenges we faced with these books. Recognizing their significance for readers seeking insight into our historical treasure, we've diligently restored and reissued them. Our intention is to offer this valuable resource once again. We eagerly await your feedback, hoping that you'll find it appealing and will generously share your thoughts and recommendations. Lang: - English, Pages: : - 112, Print on Demand. If it is a multi-volume set, then it is only a single volume. We are specialised in Customisation of books, if you wish to opt different color leather binding, you may contact us. This service is chargeable. Product Disclaimer: Kindly be informed that, owing to the inherent nature of leather as a natural material, minor discolorations or textural variations may be perceptible. Explore the FOLIO EDITION (12x19 Inches): Available Upon Request. 112.

Leather Bound. Condición: New. Language: English. Presenting an Exquisite Leather-Bound Edition, expertly crafted by the prestigious organization "Rare Biblio" with Original Natural Leather that gracefully adorns the spine and corners. The allure continues with Golden Leaf Printing that adds a touch of elegance, while Hand Embossing on the rounded spine lends an artistic flair. This masterpiece has been meticulously reprinted in 2024, utilizing the invaluable guidance of the original edition published many years ago in 1734. The contents of this book are presented in classic black and white. Its durability is ensured through a meticulous sewing binding technique, enhancing its longevity. Imprinted on top-tier quality paper. A team of professionals has expertly processed each page, delicately preserving its content without alteration. Due to the vintage nature of these books, every page has been manually restored for legibility. However, in certain instances, occasional blurriness, missing segments, or faint black spots might persist. We sincerely hope for your understanding of the challenges we faced with these books. Recognizing their significance for readers seeking insight into our historical treasure, we've diligently restored and reissued them. Our intention is to offer this valuable resource once again. We eagerly await your feedback, hoping that you'll find it appealing and will generously share your thoughts and recommendations. Lang: - English, Pages: - 124, Print on Demand. If it is a multi-volume set, then it is only a single volume. We are specialised in Customisation of books, if you wish to opt different color leather binding, you may contact us. This service is chargeable. Product Disclaimer: Kindly be informed that, owing to the inherent nature of leather as a natural material, minor discolorations or textural variations may be perceptible. Explore the FOLIO EDITION (12x19 Inches): Available Upon Request. 124.