Springer us dez 1987 (10 resultados)
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Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Natural language dialogue is a continuous, unified phenomenon. Speakers use their conversational context to simplify individual utterances through a number of linguistic devices, including ellipsis and definite references. Yet most computational systems for using natural language treat individual…utterances as separate entities, and have distinctly separate processes for handling ellipsis, definite references, and other dialogue phenomena. This book, a slightly revised version of the Ph. D. dissertation that I completed in December 1986, describes a different approach. It presents a computational system, Psli3, that uses the uniform framework of a production system architecture to carry out natural language understanding and generation in a well-integrated way. This is demonstrated primarily through intersentential ellipsis resolution, in addition to examples of definite reference resolution and interactive error correction. The system's conversational context arises naturally as the result of the persistence of the internal representations of previous utterances in working memory. Natural language input is interpreted within this framework using a modification of the syntactic technique of chart parsing, extended to include semantics, and adapted to the production system architecture. This technique, called semantic chart parsing, provides a graceful way of handling ambiguity within this architecture, and allows separate knowledge sources to interact smoothly across different utterances in a highly integrated fashion. xvi Integrated Natural Language Dialogue The design of this system demonstrates how flexible and natural user interactions can be carried out using a system with a naturally flexible control structure.
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Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - It has been widely recognized that artificial intelligence computations offer large potential for distributed and parallel processing. Unfortunately, not much is known about designing parallel AI algorithms and efficient, easy-to-use parallel computer architectures for AI applications. The field o…f parallel computation and computers for AI is in its infancy, but some significant ideas have appeared and initial practical experience has become available. The purpose of this book has been to collect in one volume contributions from several leading researchers and pioneers of AI that represent a sample of these ideas and experiences. This sample does not include all schools of thought nor contributions from all leading researchers, but it covers a relatively wide variety of views and topics and in this sense can be helpful in assessing the state ofthe art. We hope that the book will serve, at least, as a pointer to more specialized literature and that it will stimulate interest in the area of parallel AI processing. It has been a great pleasure and a privilege to cooperate with all contributors to this volume. They have my warmest thanks and gratitude. Mrs. Birgitta Knapp has assisted me in the editorial task and demonstrated a great deal of skill and patience. Janusz S. Kowalik vii INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) computer programs can be very time-consuming.
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Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Membrane Physiology (Second Edition) is a soft-cover book containing portions of Physiology of Membrane Disorders (Second Edition). The parent volume contains six major sections. This text encompasses the first three sections: The N…ature of Biological Membranes, Methods for Studying Membranes, and General Problems in Membrane Biology. We hope that this smaller volume will be helpful to individuals interested in general physiology and the methods for studying general physiology. THOMAS E. ANDREOLI JOSEPH F. HOFFMAN DARRELL D. FANESTIL STANLEY G. SCHULTZ vii Preface to the Second Edition The second edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders represents an extensive revision and a considerable expansion of the first edition. Yet the purpose of the second edition is identical to that of its predecessor, namely, to provide a rational analysis of membrane transport processes in individual membranes, cells, tissues, and organs, which in tum serves as a frame of reference for rationalizing disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes playa cardinal role in the clinical expression of disease. As in the first edition, this book is divided into a number of individual, but closely related, sections. Part V represents a new section where the problem of transport across epithelia is treated in some detail. Finally, Part VI, which analyzes clinical derangements, has been enlarged appreciably. 416 pp. Englisch.
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Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The decision to build a nuclear power plant at Calvert Cliffs on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay in southern Maryland resulted in a Iandmark legal decision (Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee vs Atomic Energy Commission)…and began one ofthe mostintensive long-term studies ever carried out in an American estuarine system. In the pages that follow we describe the major results and findings from studies conducted over more than a decade by scientists from The Academy of Natural Seiences of Philadelphia (ANSP). These studies were designed to assess the potential effects that operation ofthe Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) might have on the mid-portion of Chesapeake Bay. The approach taken was to study major biotic components of the system over an area and a time period sufficient to allow comparison of conditions between preoperational and operational periods within a sampling locality, and comparisons of conditions at reference sites with those at impact sites afterplant operations began. Elementschosen for detailed study included: species composition and production rates of major primary producers; water chemistry; zooplankton, benthos and finfish abundance and species composition; the abundance and growth rates of commercially important shellfish (clams, oysters and blue crabs); and the colonization sequences of invertebrates on artificial substrates. 296 pp. Englisch.
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Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Presents the results of an investigation into the issuesraised by the development of a compiler for APL, a very highlevel computer programming language. APL presents a numberof novel problems for a compiler writer: weak variabletyping,…run time changes in variable shape, and a host ofprimitive operations. Through the integration of severalrecently developed compiler construction techniques, such asdata flow analysis, and a novel and space efficient demanddriven or lazy evaluation approach to code generation, theauthor has been able to produce a true compiler for thelanguage while still maintaining the felxibility and easethat are the hallmarks of APL.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 172 pp. Englisch.
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Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -TCP/IP is currently the most important emerging protocol suite in the computer networking field. The need for connecting computers and other electronic devices together will grow exponentially, in industry as well as in academic and res…earch environments. An introduction to TCP/IP describes the protocol suite according to the International Organization for Standards'(ISO) seven-level (OSI) reference model. It is a unique and valuable source of information for everybody interested or involved in local or wide-area computer networking projects. It is written by Dr. John Davidson at Ungermann/Bass, the world's largest manufacturer of local area networks.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 116 pp. Englisch.
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Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The decision to build a nuclear power plant at Calvert Cliffs on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay in southern Maryland resulted in a Iandmark legal decision (Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee vs Atomic Energy Commission) and…began one ofthe mostintensive long-term studies ever carried out in an American estuarine system. In the pages that follow we describe the major results and findings from studies conducted over more than a decade by scientists from The Academy of Natural Seiences of Philadelphia (ANSP). These studies were designed to assess the potential effects that operation ofthe Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) might have on the mid-portion of Chesapeake Bay. The approach taken was to study major biotic components of the system over an area and a time period sufficient to allow comparison of conditions between preoperational and operational periods within a sampling locality, and comparisons of conditions at reference sites with those at impact sites afterplant operations began. Elementschosen for detailed study included: species composition and production rates of major primary producers; water chemistry; zooplankton, benthos and finfish abundance and species composition; the abundance and growth rates of commercially important shellfish (clams, oysters and blue crabs); and the colonization sequences of invertebrates on artificial substrates.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 296 pp. Englisch.
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Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -One suspects that the people who use computers for their livelihood are growing more 'sophisticated' as the field of computer science evolves. This view might be defended by the expanding use of languages such as C and Lisp in contrast to…the languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL. This hypothesis is false however - computer languages are not like natural languages where successive generations stick with the language of their ancestors. Computer programmers do not grow more sophisticated - programmers simply take the time to muddle through the increasingly complex language semantics in an attempt to write useful programs. Of course, these programmers are 'sophisticated' in the same sense as are hackers of MockLisp, PostScript, and Tex - highly specialized and tedious languages. It is quite frustrating how this myth of sophistication is propagated by some industries, universities, and government agencies. When I was an undergraduate at MIT, I distinctly remember the convoluted questions on exams concerning dynamic scoping in Lisp - the emphasis was placed solely on a 'hacker's' view of computation, i. e. , the control and manipulation of storage cells. No consideration was given to the logical structure of programs. Within the past five years, Ada and Common Lisp have become programming language standards, despite their complexity (note that dynamic scoping was dropped even from Common Lisp). Of course, most industries' selection of programming languages are primarily driven by the requirement for compatibility (with previous software) and performance. 258 pp. Englisch.
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Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 388 pp. Englisch.
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Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 388 pp. Englisch.
