springer springer feb 2008 (317 resultados)

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - .brilliant.'--Malcolm Gladwell, Author of BlinkThe writings for which this essay is offered as a Prologue consumed him from the mid-1950s through the end of his life in 1991. Knowing it was his 'lifework,' Tomkins conflated 'life' and 'work,' reifying the superstition that its completion would equal death and refusing to release for publication long-completed material. He knew the risks associated with this obsessive, neurotic behavior, and the results were as bad as predicted. The first two volumes of Affect Imagery Consciousness (AIC) were released in 1962 and 1963, Volume III in 1991 shortly before he succumbed to a particularly virulent strain of small cell lymphoma, and Volume IV a year after his death. This last book contains Tomkins's understanding of neocortical cognition, ideas that are even now exciting, but until this current publication of his work as a single supervolume, almost nobody has read it. The bulk of his audience had died along with the enthusiasm generated by his ideas. Big science is now more a matter of big machines and unifocal discoveries as the basis for pars pro toto reasoning than big ideas based on the assembly and analysis of all that is known. Tomkins ignored nothing from any science past or present that might lead him toward a more certain understanding of the mind. Every idea, every theory deserved attention if only because significant observations can loiter in blind alleys.'--From the prologue by Donald Nathanson, MDVolume 2 of Springer's deluxe new edition of Tomkins's masterpiece includes The Negative Affects: Fear and Anger and Cognition: Duplication and Transformation of Information.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - '.brilliant.'--Malcolm Gladwell, Author of Blink'The writings for which this essay is offered as a Prologue consumed him from the mid-1950s throughthe end of his life in 1991. Knowing it was his 'lifework,' Tomkins conflated 'life' and 'work,' reifyingthe superstition that its completion would equal death and refusing to release for publication long-completedmaterial. He knew the risks associated with this obsessive, neurotic behavior, and the results were as bad aspredicted. The first two volumes of Affect Imagery Consciousness (AIC) were released in 1962 and 1963Volume III in 1991 shortly before he succumbed to a particularly virulent strain of small cell lymphoma, andVolume IV a year after his death. This last book contains Tomkins's understanding of neocortical cognitionideas that are even now exciting, but until this current publication of his work as a single supervolume, almostnobody has read it. The bulk of his audience had died along with the enthusiasm generated by his ideas. Bigscience is now more a matter of big machines and unifocal discoveries as the basis for pars pro toto reasoningthan big ideas based on the assembly and analysis of all that is known. Tomkins ignored nothing from anyscience past or present that might lead him toward a more certain understanding of the mind. Every ideaevery theory deserved attention if only because significant observations can loiter in blind alleys.'--From the Prologue by Donald L. Nathanson, MDVolume 1 of Springer's magisterial new two-volume edition of Tomkins's magnum opus comprises The Positive Affects and The Negative Affects.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -'Dass ein Einführungstext zur Linearen Algebra bei der ständig wachsenden Flut von Lehrbüchern zu diesem weitgehend standardisierten Stoff überhaupt noch Besonderheiten bieten kann, ist gewiss bemerkenswert. . Es wird all das Mehr wiedergegeben, das eine gute Vorlesung gegenüber einem Lehrbuch im üblichen Stil (Definition - Satz - Beweis - Beispiel) auszeichnet. Ein anderes charakteristisches Merkmal des Buches besteht in der Unterteilung in einen Kerntext, der die wichtigsten Sätze der Theorie enthält, und in Ergänzungen für Mathematiker und für Physiker. Am Ende jedes Paragraphen werden dem Erstsemesterstudenten neben Übungsmaterial auch einfache Testfragen angeboten, an denen er sein Verständnis erproben kann.' (Mathematisch-Physikalische Semesterberichte) 284 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Aus den Rezensionen: 'Was das Buch vor allem auszeichnet, ist die unkonventionelle Darstellungsweise. Hier wird Mathematik nicht im trockenen Definition-Satz-Beweis-Stil geboten, sondern sie wird dem Leser pointiert und mit viel Humor schmackhaft gemacht. In ungewöhnlich fesselnder Sprache geschrieben, ist die Lektüre dieses Buches auch ein belletristisches Vergnügen. Fast 200 sehr instruktive und schöne Zeichnungen unterstützen das Verständnis, motivieren die behandelten Aussagen, modellieren die tragenden Beweisideen heraus. Ungewöhnlich ist auch das Register, das unter jedem Stichwort eine Kurzdefinition enthält und somit umständliches Nachschlagen erspart'. Wiss. Zeitschrift der TU Dresden Jetzt in der achten Auflage des bewährten Lehrbuches! 240 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Aus den Rezensionen: 'Was das Buch vor allem auszeichnet, ist die unkonventionelle Darstellungsweise. Hier wird Mathematik nicht im trockenen Definition-Satz-Beweis-Stil geboten, sondern sie wird dem Leser pointiert und mit viel Humor schmackhaft gemacht. In ungewöhnlich fesselnder Sprache geschrieben, ist die Lektüre dieses Buches auch ein belletristisches Vergnügen. Fast 200 sehr instruktive und schöne Zeichnungen unterstützen das Verständnis, motivieren die behandelten Aussagen, modellieren die tragenden Beweisideen heraus. Ungewöhnlich ist auch das Register, das unter jedem Stichwort eine Kurzdefinition enthält und somit umständliches Nachschlagen erspart'. Wiss. Zeitschrift der TU Dresden Jetzt in der achten Auflage des bewährten Lehrbuches! 240 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - 'Dass ein Einführungstext zur Linearen Algebra bei der ständig wachsenden Flut von Lehrbüchern zu diesem weitgehend standardisierten Stoff überhaupt noch Besonderheiten bieten kann, ist gewiss bemerkenswert. . Es wird all das Mehr wiedergegeben, das eine gute Vorlesung gegenüber einem Lehrbuch im üblichen Stil (Definition - Satz - Beweis - Beispiel) auszeichnet. Ein anderes charakteristisches Merkmal des Buches besteht in der Unterteilung in einen Kerntext, der die wichtigsten Sätze der Theorie enthält, und in Ergänzungen für Mathematiker und für Physiker. Am Ende jedes Paragraphen werden dem Erstsemesterstudenten neben Übungsmaterial auch einfache Testfragen angeboten, an denen er sein Verständnis erproben kann.' (Mathematisch-Physikalische Semesterberichte).

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Aus den Rezensionen: 'Was das Buch vor allem auszeichnet, ist die unkonventionelle Darstellungsweise. Hier wird Mathematik nicht im trockenen Definition-Satz-Beweis-Stil geboten, sondern sie wird dem Leser pointiert und mit viel Humor schmackhaft gemacht. In ungewöhnlich fesselnder Sprache geschrieben, ist die Lektüre dieses Buches auch ein belletristisches Vergnügen. Fast 200 sehr instruktive und schöne Zeichnungen unterstützen das Verständnis, motivieren die behandelten Aussagen, modellieren die tragenden Beweisideen heraus. Ungewöhnlich ist auch das Register, das unter jedem Stichwort eine Kurzdefinition enthält und somit umständliches Nachschlagen erspart'. Wiss. Zeitschrift der TU Dresden Jetzt in der achten Auflage des bewährten Lehrbuches!

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This is a unique book on how probability affects our everyday lives. It guides the reader in an almost chronological trip through the fascinating and amazing laws of chance, omnipresent in the natural world and in our daily lives. Along the way many fascinating topics are discussed. These include challenging probability paradoxes, 'paranormal' coincidences, game odds, and causes and effects. Finally the author discusses possibilities and limitations of learning the laws of a Universe immersed in chance events. This charming book, with its many easy-to-follow mathematical examples, will inform and entertain the scientist and non-scientist alike. 240 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Before Roe v. Wade, somewhere between one and two million illegal abortions were performed every year in the United States. Illegal abortion affected millions of women and their families, yet their stories remain hidden. In Creating Choice , citizens of one community in Western Massachusetts' Pioneer Valley break that silence. 290 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Venus and Mercury have always been regarded as difficult targets for amateurs, but advances in commercially-made instruments have brought them within range of only moderately experienced observers. The concept of this book is to present an up-to-date detailed description of the history and geology of the inferior planets, and also to provide the best information about observing and recording them with commercially-available telescopes and cameras. 280 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This collection of essays is based on lectures given at the 'Académie des Sciences' in Paris by internationally renowned experts in mathematical finance. The collection develops, in simple yet rigorous terms, some challenging topics such as risk measures, the notion of arbitrage, dynamic models involving fundamental stochastic processes like Brownian motion and Lévy processes. The book also features a description of the trainings of French financial analysts. 80 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Engineering Optics is a book for students who want to apply their knowledge of optics to engineering problems, as well as for engineering students who want to acquire the basic principles of optics. It covers such important topics as optical signal processing, holography, tomography, holographic radars, fiber optical communication, electro- and acousto-optic devices, and integrated optics (including optical bistability). As a basis for understanding these topics, the first few chapters give easy-to-follow explanations of diffraction theory, Fourier transforms, and geometrical optics. Practical examples, such as the video disk, the Fresnel zone plate, and many more, appear throughout the text, together with numerous solved exercises. There is an entirely new section in this updated edition on 3-D imaging. 552 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In this new edition of LNM 1693 the essential idea is to reduce questions on monotone multifunctions to questions on convex functions. However, rather than using a 'big convexification' of the graph of the multifunction and the 'minimax technique'for proving the existence of linear functionals satisfying certain conditions, the Fitzpatrick function is used. The journey begins with a generalization of the Hahn-Banach theorem uniting classical functional analysis, minimax theory, Lagrange multiplier theory and convex analysis and culminates in a survey of current results on monotone multifunctions on a Banach space.The first two chapters are aimed at students interested in the development of the basic theorems of functional analysis, which leads painlessly to the theory of minimax theorems, convex Lagrange multiplier theory and convex analysis. The remaining five chapters are useful for those who wish to learn about the current research on monotone multifunctions on (possibly non reflexive) Banach space. 248 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This title examines the representation of the body in Irish theatre alongside the specific circumstances within which Irish theatre is performed, incorporating issues of gender and embodiment, and the performance of Irishness and tradition. The author contextualizes the body in Irish theatre, and includes in-depth analysis of five key productions. 241 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book contains the best papers of the 8th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2006), held in the city of Paphos (Cyprus), organized by the Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication (INSTICC) in collaboration with the University of Cyprus, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Athens University of Economics and Business. ICEIS has become a major point of contact between research scientists, engineers and practitioners in the area of business applications of information systems. This year, five simultaneous tracks were held, covering different aspects related to enterprise computing, including: 'Databases and Information Systems Integration,' 'Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems,' 'Information Systems Analysis and Specification,' 'Software Agents and Internet Computing' and 'Human-Computer Interaction.' All tracks focus on real world applications and highlight the benefits of Information Systems and Technology for industry and services, thus making a bridge between Academia and Enterprise. Following the success of 2005, ICEIS 2006 received 404 paper submissions from more than 40 countries spanning all continents. In all, 63 papers were published and presented as full papers, i.e., completed work (8 pages in proceedings / 30-min oral presentations), 102 papers reflecting work-in-progress or position papers were accepted for short presentation and another 75 for poster presentation. 484 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The fourth in Springer's series on Stakeholder Management books, this volume looks back at the beginnings of Stakeholder Management and how it has developed into a fully-fledged system over the last 20 years. It also highlights the importance of a benchmarking database generated from several thousand case studies for comparing businesses. What's more, international case studies look at the application of Stakeholder Management in a wide array of industries such as the automotive, public and hospitality sector as well as the consumer market. The reader benefits from a well-rounded account of articles that explain the entire process from data collection to the implementation of actions derived from result analysis. 224 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In the first book in their series on Marxism and Education, Rikowski and Green use Marxist theory to examine the dialectic between race and power in education. The series is aimed at educationalists - teachers, researchers, policy-makers or administrators, as well as activists who consider the Marxist tradition a valuable and important resource. 293 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The globalization of everyday business and increasing international trade lead to a growing need to improve national and international business collaborations and transactions. This book shows what ontology management can do for process, information and application integration under dynamic e-business conditions. The authors discuss research results and develop novel methods and frameworks. They then apply them to build business use application components deployed as web services. 284 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a mathematical theory of concepts and c- ceptualhierarchyleadingtomethodsforconceptuallyanalyzingdataandkno- edge. The theoryitselfstronglyreliesonorderandlatticetheory,whichhasbeen studied by mathematicians over decades. FCA proved itself highly relevant in several applications from the beginning, and, over the last years, the range of applicationshaskeptgrowing. The mainreasonfor this comesfromthe fact that our modern society has turned into an 'information' society. After years and years of using computers, companies realized they had stored gigantic amounts of data. Then, they realized that this data, just rough information for them, might become a real treasure if turned into knowledge. FCA is particularly well suited for this purpose. From relational data, FCA can extract implications, - pendencies, concepts and hierarchies of concepts, and thus capture part of the knowledge hidden in the data. The ICFCA conference series gathers researchers from all over the world, being the main forum to present new results in FCA and related elds. These results range from theoretical novelties to advances in FCA-related algorithmic issues, as well as application domains of FCA. ICFCA 2008 was in the same vein as its predecessors: high-quality papers and presentations, the place of real debate and exchange of ideas. ICFCA 2008 contributed to strengthening the links between theory and applications. The high quality of the presentations was the result of the remarkable work of the authors and the reviewers. We wish to thank the reviewers for all their valuable comments, which helped the authors to improve their presentations. 340 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The incursion of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health care entails evident bene ts at the levels of security and e ciency that improve not only the quality of life of the patients, but also the quality of the work of the health care professionals and the costs of national health care systems. Leaving research approaches aside, the analysis of ICT in health care shows an evo- tion from the initial interest in representing and storing health care data (i. e. , electronic health care records) to the current interest of having remote access to electronic health care systems, as for example HL7 initiatives or telemedicine. This sometimes imperceptible evolution can be interpreted as a new step of the progress path of health care informatics, whose next emerging milestone is the convergenceof current solutions with formal methods for health care kno- edge management. In this sense, K4CARE is a European project aiming at contributing to this progress path. It is centered on the idea that health care knowledge rep- sented in a formal waymay favor the treatment of home care patients in modern societies. The project highlights several aspects that are considered relevant to the evolution of medical informatics: health care knowledge production, health care knowledge integration, update, and adaptation, and health care intelligent systems. 176 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In 1986, B.K.P. Horn published a book entitled Robot Vision, which actually discussed a wider eld of subjects, basically addressing the eld of computer vision, but introducing 'robot vision' as a technical term. Since then, the - teraction between computer vision and research on mobile systems (often called 'robots', e.g., in an industrial context, but also including vehicles, such as cars, wheelchairs, tower cranes, and so forth) established a diverse area of research, today known as robot vision. Robot vision (or, more general, robotics) is a fast-growing discipline, already taught as a dedicated teaching program at university level. The term 'robot vision' addresses any autonomous behavior of a technical system supported by visual sensoric information. While robot vision focusses on the vision process, visual robotics is more directed toward control and automatization. In practice, however, both elds strongly interact. Robot Vision 2008 was the second international workshop, counting a 2001 workshop with identical name as the rst in this series. Both workshops were organized in close cooperation between researchers from New Zealand and Germany, and took place at The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Participants of the 2008 workshop came from Europe, USA, South America, the Middle East, the Far East, Australia, and of course from New Zealand. 484 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -th This volumecontains the proceedingsof the 9 internationalconference onV- i cation, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI 2008), held in San Francisco, January 7 9, 2008. The purpose of VMCAI is to provide a forum for researchers from three communities Veri cation, Model Checking, and - stractInterpretation thatwill facilitate interaction,cross-fertilization,andthe advance of hybridmethods that combine the three areas.With the growingneed for formal tools to reason about complex, in nite-state, and embedded systems, such hybrid methods are bound to be of great importance. Topics covered by VMCAI include program veri cation, program certi - tion, model checking, debugging techniques, abstract interpretation, abstract domains, static analysis, type systems, deductive methods, and optimization. VMCAI 2008 was the 9th VMCAI meeting. Previous meetings were held in Port Je erson 1997, Pisa 1998, Venice 2002, New York 2003, Venice 2004, Paris 2005, Charleston 2006, and Nice 2007. The program committee selected 21 papers out of over 60 on the basis of at least three reviews. The principal criteria were relevance and quality. The program of VMCAI 2008 included, in addition to the research papers, three invited talks, by Radhia Cousot, Maurice Herlihy and Neil Jones, and three tutorials, by Orna Kupferman, Jens Palsberg, and Marco Pistoia. We would like to thank the ProgramCommittee members and the reviewers, without whose dedicated e ort the conference would not have been possible. Our thanks also to the Steering Committee members for their helpful advice. 340 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It is my great pleasure to publish New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Dis eases, the proceedings of the Showa University International Symposium for Life Sciences, 3rd Annual Meeting, held at Showa University on Sep tember 13, 2006. This symposium was supported, in part, by Grants for the Promotion of the Advancement of Education and Research in Graduate Schools and Ordinary Expenses for Private Schools from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. On behalf of Showa University, I would like to express my deepest thanks to all the authors and editors for their great contribution to the publication of this memorable book that accelerates research activity in lifestyle-related diseases. Akiyoshi Hosoyamada, M.D., Ph.D. President, Showa University Tokyo, Japan September 2007 v Preface The leading cause of death in Western countries and some developing countries is atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Among them, acute myocardial infarction is the most common type of fatal disease, caused by the progression of atherosclerosis characterized by accumulation of choles terol in vascular walls. Development of atherosclerosis is greatly enhanced by major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, hyperlip idemia, diabetes (hyperglycemia), and hypertension. Among those, obesity frequently initiates a metabolic change that subsequently induces hyperlip idemia, diabetes, hypertension, and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascu lar diseases. Because obesity and its related disorders largely depend on lifestyle factors such as high calorie intake and low physical activity, a series of disorders are termed lifestyle-related diseases. 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Theseproceedingscontainthe nalversionsofpapersacceptedfortheworkshops that were held in conjunction with the Fifth International Conference on Bu- ness Process Management (BPM 2007) that took place in Brisbane, Australia. Twenty workshop proposals were submitted for this conference of which seven were selected. Ultimately this resulted in six workshops that ran concurrently on September 24 2007. This was the third year running for BPM workshops, a testament to the continued success of the workshop program. The BPM community s ongoing strong interest in process modelling, design, measurement and analysis were well re ected in the Business Process Intel- gence and Business Process Design workshops. This year s workshops also included two new emerging areas that have gained increased attention: C- laborative Business Processes a topic which explores the challenges in se- less integration of and collaboration between business processes from di erent organizations, and Process-Oriented Information Systems in Healthcare a topic which recognizes the importance of patient-centered process support in healthcare and looks into the potential bene ts and limitations of IT support for healthcareprocesses. The ReferenceModeling workshopcoveredlanguages for reference modelling, evaluation and adaptation of reference models, and - plicationsofsuchmodels. Finally,the AdvancesinSemantics forWebServices workshop considered some of the latest research e orts in the eld of Semantic Web services including relevant tools and techniques and real-worldapplications of such services. We would like to thank the workshop organizers for their tremendous e orts in the preparation for the workshops, the organization of the reviews, the - site moderation of the workshops, and the publication process. 536 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2008, held in Dresden, Germany, in February 2008.The 19 revised full papers presented together with 2 keynote papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. The papers cover a wide spectrum reaching from pre-fabrication adaptation of architectural templates to dynamic run-time adaptation of deployed systems with special focus on adaptivity and adaptive system architectures. The papers are organized in topical sections on hardware design, pervasive computing, network processors and memory management, reconfigurable hardware, real-time architectures, organic computing, and computer architecture. 304 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This work treats the essential elements of radio wave propagation without requiring recourse to advanced electromagnetic concepts and equations. However, it provides sufficient detail to allow those concerned with wireless systems to acquire quickly a practical working knowledge of the important concepts. Radio wave propagation is placed in a practical context by considering the design aspects of communications systems at microwave frequencies. A fuller consideration of the electromagnetic properties of materials is given late in the book rather than as an introductory chapter. 140 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid is a technically simple, yet productive, diagnostic procedure. Here is a practical guide to this method, as used in the diagnosis of different pathologies. High-quality slides depict the common cerebrospinal fluid cell types, cell anomalies in inflammatory conditions and neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders, and cases with contaminants. It's required reading for pathologists, as well as neurologists and neurosurgeons. 104 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -How do democratic and pluralistic societies cope with traumatic events in their past This interdisciplinary volume analyzes in detail for the first time the history and image of the German 'Wehrmacht' and the debates in Austria and Germany surrounding two highly contested exhibitions about the war crimes of the 'Wehrmacht' during World War II. 331 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Examining the ways in which national theatres have formed and evolved over time, this new collection highlights the difficulties these institutions encounter today, in an environment where nationalism and national identity are increasingly contested by global, transnational and local agendas, and where economic forces create conflicting demands. 275 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -From a cross-disciplinary and conceptual perspective this book discusses the political solutions of constitutional patriotism, republicanism and liberal nationalism to cultural conflict. It places these debates in the context of real national traditions, where all civic language inevitably also reflects 'culture'. 263 pp. Englisch.