Lap lambert academic publishing dez 2011 (Más de 4300 resultados)

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Mosquitoes are important blood sucking arthropods that transmitting serious diseases. Due to health and environmental problems of synthetic insecticides used in their control, attention has been directed to another more eco-friendly alternatives such as botanical derivatives and biological control agents. This book provides information on success of some alternatives for controlling a couple of important mosquito vectors. The book presents results of susceptibility of Culex annulirostris and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to 11 plant extracts, fenitrothion and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides; influence of sublethal concentrations of both insecticides and botanicals on the development of these mosquitoes; predation capacity of a couple of predaceous insects and factors influencing their capacity and integrating control of both mosquitoes by using of binary mixtures of phytochemicals with or without synthetic insecticides. Results of the present book should help shed some light on these exciting results and should be useful to professionals in mosquito control as well as researchers, postgraduate students or anyone else working in fields of insect control and/or medical entomology.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Mosquitoes are important blood sucking arthropods that transmitting serious diseases. Due to health and environmental problems of synthetic insecticides used in their control, attention has been directed to another more eco-friendly alternatives such as botanical derivatives and biological control agents. This book provides information on success of some alternatives for controlling a couple of important mosquito vectors. The book presents results of susceptibility of Culex annulirostris and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to 11 plant extracts, fenitrothion and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides; influence of sublethal concentrations of both insecticides and botanicals on the development of these mosquitoes; predation capacity of a couple of predaceous insects and factors influencing their capacity and integrating control of both mosquitoes by using of binary mixtures of phytochemicals with or without synthetic insecticides. Results of the present book should help shed some light on these exciting results and should be useful to professionals in mosquito control as well as researchers, postgraduate students or anyone else working in fields of insect control and/or medical entomology.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Mosquitoes are important blood sucking arthropods that transmitting serious diseases. Due to health and environmental problems of synthetic insecticides used in their control, attention has been directed to another more eco-friendly alternatives such as botanical derivatives and biological control agents. This book provides information on success of some alternatives for controlling a couple of important mosquito vectors. The book presents results of susceptibility of Culex annulirostris and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to 11 plant extracts, fenitrothion and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides; influence of sublethal concentrations of both insecticides and botanicals on the development of these mosquitoes; predation capacity of a couple of predaceous insects and factors influencing their capacity and integrating control of both mosquitoes by using of binary mixtures of phytochemicals with or without synthetic insecticides. Results of the present book should help shed some light on these exciting results and should be useful to professionals in mosquito control as well as researchers, postgraduate students or anyone else working in fields of insect control and/or medical entomology. 152 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -V monografii izlozheny wozmozhnosti metoda mehanohimii dlq intensifikacii processow rastworeniq kollagena, izmel'cheniq dublenyh kollagensoderzhaschih materialow i uglej, a takzhe wliqnie mehanohimicheskoj obrabotki na stabil'nost' wodougol'nyh suspenzij i rastworenie uglej. Pokazano, chto mehanohimicheskaq obrabotka kollagena priwodit k intensifikacii processa ego rastworeniq s sohraneniem woloknistoj struktury. Predlozheno iz rastworow kollagena poluchat' plenki pischewogo i medicinskogo naznacheniq. Najdena wozmozhnost' prakticheskogo primeneniq izmel'chennogo dublenogo kollagena w kachestwe woloknistogo napolnitelq w stroitel'nyh materialah i iskusstwennyh kozhah razlichnogo naznacheniq. Vyqwlena wozmozhnost' ispol'zowaniq obrabotannyh melanzhem uglej (posle predwaritel'noj mehanohimicheskoj obrabotki) dlq polucheniq materialow s wysokoj udel'noj powerhnost'ü w kachestwe sorbentow. Opredeleny optimal'nye uslowiq mehanohimicheskoj obrabotki uglq dlq polucheniq stabil'nyh wodougol'nyh suspenzij i rekomendowany optimal'nye PAV.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - V monografii izlozheny wozmozhnosti metoda mehanohimii dlq intensifikacii processow rastworeniq kollagena, izmel'cheniq dublenyh kollagensoderzhaschih materialow i uglej, a takzhe wliqnie mehanohimicheskoj obrabotki na stabil'nost' wodougol'nyh suspenzij i rastworenie uglej. Pokazano, chto mehanohimicheskaq obrabotka kollagena priwodit k intensifikacii processa ego rastworeniq s sohraneniem woloknistoj struktury. Predlozheno iz rastworow kollagena poluchat' plenki pischewogo i medicinskogo naznacheniq. Najdena wozmozhnost' prakticheskogo primeneniq izmel'chennogo dublenogo kollagena w kachestwe woloknistogo napolnitelq w stroitel'nyh materialah i iskusstwennyh kozhah razlichnogo naznacheniq. Vyqwlena wozmozhnost' ispol'zowaniq obrabotannyh melanzhem uglej (posle predwaritel'noj mehanohimicheskoj obrabotki) dlq polucheniq materialow s wysokoj udel'noj powerhnost'ü w kachestwe sorbentow. Opredeleny optimal'nye uslowiq mehanohimicheskoj obrabotki uglq dlq polucheniq stabil'nyh wodougol'nyh suspenzij i rekomendowany optimal'nye PAV.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This project highlights the importance of the Indian film industry as a legitimate field of scholarly and academic research. Through interdisciplinary eyes, the Indian film industry and its byproducts are examined through a multitude of different approaches including gender, film, and cross-cultural studies. The films mentioned in this research are the highest grossing, have the most famous actors and actresses, and are from the 1990s to present. If society were able to understand culture today in a world of generalized hybridity, scholars must study objects such as Bollywood. With the industry s mobility, it creates new kinds of audiences who do not speak the same language, share the same local knowledge about cinema, but instead find themselves as active participants in reading, enjoying, and interpreting film. By doing this, new viewers are exposed to Bollywood as well as new meanings and ways of looking are created. 96 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Some have a smooth and easy path through graduate school. Rehema's was filled with rocks, briers, tumultuous weather and even a few trolls. This fairy-tale turned Brothers Grimm story chronicles Rehema's journey completing her thesis documentary 'Learning to Fly.' While an MFA student at Rochester Institute of Technology Rehema embarked on a documentary quest to embrace and amplify the underrepresented stories of Black teenage girls in Rochester, NY USA and in Lusaka, Zambia. The main focus of this text is on the pitfalls encountered in Rehema's efforts to produce, direct and shoot the documentary, which almost wasn't completed. She details the people and organizations that she worked with, the issues shooting teenagers in the foster-care program, shooting a documentary as a foreigner in another country and a whole lot more. She hopes that others can learn from her experiences. The text contained in this book was submitted as her written thesis for her MFA completion. 116 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Film narration has its own style, genre and discipline. Film presents a story from a different perspective by encompassing various arts and discipline.As Ingmar Bergman states film is like dream which creates an illusion in the viewer.It takes the spectator through time and space with out any restriction and uses the available technological output for its narration. Special effects have also been contributing a lot for film narration. In this particular work attempts are made to show the relationship of film and other arts especially music,sound effects,visual effects, theater, dance and science and technology. In Narratology in Films, attempt has made to treat how the art of film narration takes place by analyzing two Ethiopian films Wubetin Felega and Siryet 104 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -International business comprises a large and growing portion of the world s total business, usually in term of to collectively describe all commercial transactions (private and government, sales, investment, logistics, and transportation) that take place between two or more countries. All business activities which involves cross border transactions of goods, services, resources between two or more countries. This transaction of economic resources include capital, skills, people etc. for international production of physical goods and services such as finance, banking, insurance, construction and etc. In this project, we need to visit the organization and interview the managers who know about the international business activities in their organization. This book presents three cases for your reading. 76 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The 10th anniversary of the single European currency, celebrated in 2009, provided a good occasion to examine the developments of the euro over the decade it existed, and to assess its advances with regard to becoming a global currency. The paper comprises five parts, which include both theoretical and empirical analysis. Section I introduces the notion of a global currency, its main benefits and the economic pre-requisites for gaining this status. Section II provides an overview of the existing literature on the question of the euro s role in the global economy and its potential international dominance. Section III introduces an empirical assessment of the euro s world-wide use, and establishes certain predictions of potential future changes. Section IV presents a case-study of the use of the euro in both public and private spheres in two EU neighbouring countries (Ukraine and Russia) a review having no comprehensive equivalent at the moment. Section V concludes. 88 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Environment is one of the most concerning issues in present world. Gradually, the natural environment of the world is becoming degraded. Rural to urban migration in response of environmental degradation and disaster is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh. Women are also a great number who migrate to the urban area as the environmental response. As a result, they face harassment and obstacles as migrated and as women. Which has creates social insecurity of women. Women are migrating to the city because they were failing to manage their livelihood at village because of environmental degradation. In addition, the urban area is not so welcoming for the rootless poor women. They are living in unhygienic house; get no social facilities like health and legal aids, working in informal sector with the fear of employment insecurity. Slum women are also the victim of domestic violence and sexual harassment in public area. The factor of environmental degradation and its consequences with the migration is a crucial truth for the Bangladesh and all over the world at present. The problems and complexities of environmental migrant women also need to be concentrated in the field of gender studies. 116 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In recent years, China and India have experienced unprecedented economic development. Increasing significance of these two most populous economies in the world has caused concerns about their growth and trade prospects and implications for other countries. Directly, the export prices competitiveness in these two countries largely affects the employment and job opportunities in Malaysian economic sectors (industries), not only at present but also in the future. This study attempts to identify these affected industries by adopting vector error correction (VECM) model using time series data of China and India competitiveness and Malaysian volume of exports by sector. For further analysis, we adopt an innovation accounting by simulating variance decompositions (VDC) and impulse response functions (IRF). From the analysis, the study finds that export competitiveness from India are basically there for Malaysian export demand of all commodities, except for fuel and mining products and textiles. The magnitude of competition from India is definitely larger than from China. Nevertheless, export competitiveness from China is very much indirect for all commodities, except textiles. 92 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This publication widely and conclusively depicts media- audience ties. It could also be taken as a source that highlights on the media satisfaction of young audience, particularly young audience in Addis Ababa. The thesis is definitely an illustration of developing country s audience preferences and media program offerings that commonly target the youth. As a result, in this volume one can easily view how media is strongly associated with the interests of young people even if there are delimiting factors that can cause some gaps to prevail and prevent the co-existence of media programs with satisfaction of young audience. The young audience also attempted to speak their minds by clearly outlining the programs which they are satisfied with. In contrast, other youth also reflected the contents of programs that dissatisfy them. Generally, this publication is an invaluable portrayal of young audience satisfaction vis-à-vis programs of selected FM radios in Addis Ababa. 92 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the relationship between single parenting and indiscipline in selected Basic and High Schools in Lusaka, Zambia. The research design used in this study was contrasted group design. This design enabled the research to contrast between single parenting and double parenting in relation to teenage indiscipline in schools. The target population was made up of all pupils in grades eight(8), nine(9), eleven(11) and twelve(12). The probability sampling procedure used a stratified random sampling technique. The sample size was one hundred and sixty-eight (168) respondents. The study demonstrated that certain factors such as late coming to school, absenteeism, poverty, smoking, drinking and drug taking contributed to indiscipline in single than in double parented children. The study also examined the effect of indiscipline on the academic performance of children from single and double parented homes. The findings of this study however, showed that there was a significant relationship between single parenting and indiscipline in selected Basic and High Schools of Zambia. 96 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Needs produce motives, which lead to the accoplishment of goals. Normally needs are caused by deficiencies, which can be either physical or psychological. Motivation is the stimulus that leads to an action that satisfies the need.Since the primitive era, human being has been strugglling to master his environment. Distibution of labour happened to work as the needs of people increased. People were sharing their prey and any kind of collections they had managed to get. It was to that moment when MOTIVATION seemed to come up. The members were given some extra shares as the motivating factor to perform suplus. This was also apparent at the time of industrial revolution when Fredrick Taylor realized that reward was needed to an individual for high production. It is believed that when an employee will be compensated accordingly the output goes high. In order to prove the role of motivation as the stimulus of surplus production, the book examined the related variables identified in this study. 112 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The study investigated the characteristics and operations of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs) in Osun state of Nigeria.It determined the perception and identified the characteristics of people participating in the programme. It also analysed the various factors affecting ability and desire to participate in ROSCAs. Primary data were obtained from six towns. The study adopted stratified random sampling technique in selecting the towns from which the samples were drawn. Data obtained from the respondents using questionnaires were analysed and processed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that highly educated people and that public sector workers participated in ROSCAs contradicting the assertion that only the poor, uneducated and semi-educated people participated in ROSCAs. The study concluded that participation in ROSCAs paid off for the participants and hence increased patronage of diverse groups cutting across levels of education, sex, marital status and age. 112 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Enderta Woreda is located in Tigray National Regional State .the Woreda secured self-rule with the enactment of TNRS constitution in 1998. The Constitution has granted political , administrative and financial authority. the political dimension of authority enabled the Woreda to establish legislative council whose members are directly elected by local community based on universal suffrage. the administrative branch reflected in establishing executive bodies refereed as 'cabinet' chaired by the principal of the Woreda. the financial aspect is signaled in the form of inter-governmental transfer called unrestricted block grant to gather with the right to rise own revenue. 120 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I argue that rhetorically, music functions constitutively, rather than merely persuasively as previous scholars suggest. The following analysis of five separate jazz songs from the Harlem Renaissance period elaborates the process by which musical lyrics constitute qualities already apparent in their audience members, structure visible cultural identifiers that prompt collective identities, and form sub-cultures. This analysis employs Maurice Charland s (1987) work on Constitutive Rhetoric to examine the collective bohemianism that emerged from the Harlem Renaissance as an identifiable sub-culture, as well as Kenneth Burke s (1969) methodological approach to identification. 56 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Meaningful employment provides not only necessary income, but satisfaction, social prestige, and a sense of personal identity. Unemployment can cause financial hardships, and social, cultural and psychological problems. Unemployment is not randomly distributed, but rather disadvantages some groups more than others. Findings of this study clearly indicate that Muslim unemployment is a serious problem in Queensland. Although unemployment is a complex issue, it is possible to identify factors influencing and contributing to unemployment in Queensland. This research has identified a number of factors and difficulties contributing to higher unemployment for Muslims in Queensland. Individual and socially acceptable employment does not happen in the realm of the economy. By taking the view to reduce Muslim unemployment in Queensland,we must tackle the issue by a range of methodologies including a balanced foreign policy in the Middle East, and combating racism, discrimination and prejudice. 108 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In Ontario, the organs of deceased donors are usually allocated to those recipients who are ranked highest on the province s waiting list for transplant surgery. However, on rare occasion, a donor, or the donor s family, will request that an organ be given to a designated recipient or designated group of recipients. The ethical acceptability of these so-called directed donations of organs from deceased donors is debated in the transplant literature. The purpose of this study was to elicit the views of a group of transplant professionals in Ontario on the question, Under what circumstances, if any, should a donor or the donor s family be allowed to choose the recipient of the organ Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 Ontario transplant professionals from a range of clinical disciplines. An analysis of these interviews revealed several practical and ethical considerations that the transplant professionals believed to be important in assessing the acceptability of directed donations. 116 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Due to increasing patient load and rising healthcare costs it becomes important that high efficiency be incorporated in the system that caters to quantity while maintaining the quality side by side. To achieve above pursuit a study was undertaken to to examine the compliance of Main Operation Theatre( MOTC) at AIIMS with reference to laid standards. An administrative checklist was developed after extensive literature review and used to assess operation theater services. It was found out that the policies and procedures in conformance with international OT norms should be available in documented form which could then be used for regular assessment of the utilization services by all staff in a better and coordinated manner. 92 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -BRIC or BRICs are the acronym used to refer to the combination of the four biggest emerging-market countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China. Goldman Sachs has argued that, since the four BRIC countries are developing rapidly, by 2050 their combined economies could eclipse the combined economies of the current richest countries of the world. This book evaluates the strength of the BRIC economies and compared them against the USD. 80 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This publication is the product of one year work/research for the purpose of completion of the Master Thesis 'EU's strategy towards Kosovo: civilian or stabilizing power ' It looks at EU's approach over Kosovo from 1999 to 2008. June 1999 marks the end of the war in Kosovo while in 2008 Kosovo declared independence, and EU launched its Rule of Law mission in Kosovo and mandated its Special Representative to implement the EU policy objectives in Kosovo. Furthermore, it looks at EU engagement in Kosovo during this period while sheds light whether EU towards Kosovo is a civilian, a normative or a stabilizing power. Depending on how much uniqueness is found among EU member states towards Kosovo (and Western Balkans), intergovernmentalism and supranationalism as two different theoretical approaches come into play. Following independence, EU in Kosovo is characterized by a dual approach: peace-building and institution building. The former is mandated by the intergovernmental side of the EU, Council of the European Union, while the latter is mandated by the supranational side of the EU, European Commission. 88 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Water is a driving force of all nature. It is essential for the workings of all nature. Water shapes our relationship with nature, politics and economies. Financial sustainability of water companies is therefore as paramount to our common future as it is difficult to achieve and thus the impact of the water sector reforms on financial sustainability of water companies is as well very vital. The government envisions that the water sector should be self financing in the sense that each water company recovers the full cost of providing services to their customers in the medium and long term. This therefore emphasizes the importance of this book. 68 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Growing high technology and FMCG industries depend on the advertising agencies for communicating strategy for their brands and building connect with the customer. Globalization has helped brands to reach consumers faster. Differences in culture, economic conditions, demographics, languages, penetration, media exposure and infrastructure pose challenges for the brands. Global brands successful in one country may struggle to have a position amongst other markets. Brands are constantly working to get the mind share and sustain market share. Some Global brands are customized to meet local needs of the consumers. Also some brands position themselves as a premium brand in one country while economic to premium brand in others. Many Global food chains have products and services customized to local consumer palate. Companies seek the help of Advertising agencies to get a mind share of the consumer. A strategic planner provides direction for the brands and builds the brand key. This book has tried to give an insight into the critical role of strategic planners in an advertising agency for a successful and sustainable business strategy. 72 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Historically, the economic contribution of rural areas to regions was clear: it was the provider of farm produce and other raw materials such as coal. Rural employment was evidently based on the exploitation of natural capital. Today, natural capital still strongly characterises the profile of rural employment in the European Union but its effect now goes far beyond the traditional rural sector of agriculture. There are in fact four drivers of rural employment and rural economic prosperity, and these can be structured by two complementary analytical directions, namely production based on (a) renewable and (b) non-renewable resources, and consumption by (a) non-residents and (b) residents of a territory, hence Rural Europe 2+2+ . Thus, whether jobs are created through farming, mining, rural tourism or by attracting incomers who set up new businesses, natural capital is a common theme. However, the financial, human, physical and social capitals of rural areas must be improved in parallel with this via an integrated, territorial development approach. In this way, rural areas can become part of a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy in line with the priorities of Europe 2020. 108 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -As part of the dynamics of international economic cooperation by the need for mutual settlement operations, so the problem of organization of settlements is an important place for the economically active subjects, especially in a globalized economic space in the functioning of transnational structures and scale of the export, import and international financial transactions. In agreeing on the order of calculations, the participants determined the form of payment in order to fulfill the financial obligations of the agreement - regulated by means of voluntary compliance through a credit institution liabilities, characterized by specific features on the order of transfer of funds to the account, a certain kind of settlement document, as well as office procedures. The source of payment relations is the need to have one contractor expressed in the appropriate disposition, the other in shortage. This relationship gives rise as a consequence of the relationship with the lending institution. Need to accession will intensify in the subjects of international payment relationship. 116 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The present world order is neither environmentally sustainable, nor socially acceptable. Major and quick changes are an ethical imperative. A paramount task is to plan and implement innovative solutions for a very different future. In this essay, I look at an individual who is concerned about the current negative social and ecological trends and try to give new insights about his/her action opportunities. Today, straightforward options to make a difference include political participation, civic engagement, and personal-level decisions and activities. For example, citizens may talk to their representatives to influence their opinions and decisions, join civil associations to work on specific issues, or make efforts to live sustainably and encourage others to do so. However, all these options have their own problems: decision makers may not listen to reasonable arguments, civil associations may not get support or make strategic mistakes in the increasingly intricate policy networks, and unsustainable lifestyle choices may prevail due to cognitive reasons. I study these cases, identify particular sources of inefficiency, and point out improvement opportunities. 104 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Public pension is one of the largest social security programmes for Government personnel. In the annual budget of 2010-2011 fiscal years,a total sum of BDT 39651 Million had been allocated for pension in public service;it was nearly 3 per cent of the total budget allocation and over 4.62 per cent of non-development expenditure (Annual Budget 2010-2011).According to latest available government estimates,the total number of public employees working in various ministries, divisions,departments,directorates,autonomous bodies and corporations of Bangladesh government was estimated to be 9,32,050(BBS-2005).Corruption is the receiving burning issue in the present states of the World.Actually the last two decades,it had invented as the great social curse, especially for developing country like Bangladesh. But retired Government personnel had been facing of demanding bribery in the processing of their pension.It is outlandish phenomenon that a retired person had been demanded bribe by his former colleague. Bangladesh is a rigorously corrupted country. Corruption had been spreading in every sphere of life of people.But it had long-term suffering for a pension holder. 88 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There is discrepancy of the diffusion of Financial Participation schemes in EU member and candidate countries. The incidence of FP is conditional on country specific characteristics, firm specific characteristics and/or trade unions attitude. A supportive government and legal framework and a friendly trade union attitude may lead to increasing level of FP incidence. Companies that use other HRM measures (e.g. training) as well as large companies may be more prone to using FP schemes. Looking at the benefits and drawbacks of the variety of qualitative datasets which contain information on FP, we choose the EWCS dataset for our analyzes because of the high response rates, the high geographic coverage of EU member and candidate countries, the large number of observations, and because the respondents of the questionnaire are employees not the management. Our econometric results suggest that FP schemes used in the EU are discriminatory rather than providing equal opportunity for all employees - discriminatory with respect to gender and selective with respect to employee category, education level, size and sector of activity of the company. 64 pp. Englisch.…