cuvillier feb 2012 (50 resultados)

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Grassland composition and animal species may modify the grazing efficiency and ingestive behavior at pasture. However, precise knowledge on potential interactions between swarddiversity and co-grazing is not available. Thus, a trial was conducted to evaluate the behavior patterns and forage selectivity of cattle and sheep grazing alone or together on grass swards differing in botanical composition. The experiment was carried out on mesotrophic permanent grassland in the Solling Uplands of Lower Saxony, Germany from May to September of 2009 and 2010. Species diversity of paddocks was manipulated by the use of herbicides resulting in grass-dominated swards (7 species per 9 m2) in contrast to untreated diverse swards (14 species per 9 m2) with grasses, forbs and legumes. Each sward type was combined with three grazing treatments: C= cattle mono-grazing; S= sheep mono-grazing and CS= cattle and sheep cograzing. The six treatments were set up on paddocks of 0.5 ha each, replicated three times in blocks that were grazed rotationally. The main behavior patterns (grazing, walking, and ruminating) were recorded by conducting scan sampling every ten minutes from six a.m. to ten p.m. Secondary patterns (bites per minute, steps per minute, and bites per step) were obtained per core animal and observation day. Intake choices of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Taraxacum officinale, and Trifolium repens were obtained as follows: species were visually assessed in five 0.5 m2 subplots per plot immediately before and after a period of three days grazing on a plot. Jacobs¿ selection index (JSI) was used to quantify the intake preference for single target species in relation to their proportion in the sward. JSI = ci ¿ ai / ci + ai ¿ 2ciai; where ci= % forage in the diet and ai = % forage in the pasture. Here, ai was evaluated by the difference between the percentage mass of each species before and after three days of grazing. For behavior patterns, there were important differences between sheep and cattle. Cattle varied their time budget and grazing behavior depending on the presence of sheep. However, plant diversity had no effect on cattle behavior. For sheep behavior, plant diversity rather than mono or co-grazing management was the determinant factor. Cattle mono-grazing on diverse swards spent more time grazing at lower ingestive rates. P. pratense was the most preferred forage species (JSI=0.62). L. perenne, T. officinale and T. repens were also highly preferred regardless of sward composition or type of grazer (JSI = 0.47, 0.32 and 0.27, respetively). Co-grazing facilitated a more homogeneous consumption of the main forage species. Co-grazing might have the potential to better maintain grassland biodiversity. 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The benefit of coupling different in situ spectroscopic methods (ATR-FTIR / UV-vis / Ramanspectroscopy) is exemplarily demonstrated by the means of two reactions as applicationexamples: the Lewis acid mediated formal [3+3] cyclocondensation reaction of a diene with aketenacetale and the heterogeneously catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of imines. For bothreactions new reactors (deep-temperature cell, probe autoclave) have been developed enablingin situ measurements under real reaction conditionsFor the [3+3] cyclocondensation reaction it was demonstrated that the nature of theformed product depends on the different intermediates formed between the ketenacetal andthe acids (complexation or acid catalysed rearrangement reaction). Furthermore themechanisms of similar reactions (including other Lewis acids like AlCl3, Al2O3 and TiO2 orsubstrates like N-salicylideneaniline) could be successfully elucidated.The effectiveness of the hydrogenation depends on the specific interaction of thetested ketimines with the phosphoric acid ester used as chiral modifer. This interaction ismainly influenced by the used solvent and leads to the formation of a carbocation (CH3OH) ora contact ion pair in (CH2Cl2, CF3CH2OH). Furthermore, the detected strong adsorption ofimines and modifier on the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst affect their efficiency and activity in thereaction. 140 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The potential of a new catalyst class based on vanadium containing oxynitrides has been explored in the ammoxidation of 3-picoline (3-PIC) to 3-cyanopyridine (3-CP). So far, mixed oxides of the type SbVTiSiO belong to the best catalysts for this reaction, however, space-time yields (STY) did not exceed 150 g/lh. Improving STY while maintaining high 3-CP selectivity would be energetically most sustainable. Therefore, ternary VAlZrON and VZrPON, binary VMoON and VSbON oxynitrides as well as VMON/MoxOyNz (M = Al or Zr) catalysts have been investigated for their catalytic performance and structure-reactivity relationships. With VZrAlON catalysts, highest STY values ever measured have been obtained, while VSbON catalysts bear a great potential, too. By spectroscopic multimethod analysis, applied ex and in situ, structure-reactivity relationships have been proposed. The presence of direct V-N junctions and anionic surface defects are essential for high nitrile selectivity. This is the best fulfilled for VZrAlON, VMoON and VSbON catalysts. 154 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The infrared spectral region between wavelengths of 2 and 6 µm is of great importance in molecular physics. Molecules with an X-H bond (X being carbon, nitrogen or oxygen) exhibit strong vibrational transitions there, but also linear carbon clusters Cn (n=2,3,¿). Many combination bands and overtones of low-energy vibrational modes also occur in this spectral range. Analyses of these spectral features allow ¿ if highly resolved ¿ for example the prediction of pure rotational transitions in the sub-mm wavelength regime, or help understanding the internal dynamics of the molecule.To provide radiation sources with extremely large frequency coverage, two optical parametric oscillator (OPO) systems in the wavelength regions from 2.5 to 4.1 µm and from 4.7 to 5.4 µm have been set up and characterized in this thesis. The OPO system around 5 µm wavelength is the only one in this spectral region used in high-resolution spectroscopy up to now. Both of the OPO systems have been shown to be ideal tools for spectroscopic studies delivering highly accurate transition frequencies of transient molecules, using the following example cases: The rovibrational spectrum of the fundamental cation CH2D+ around 3.2 µm wavelength has been measured with unprecedented spectral resolution and frequency accuracy. The combination of the OPO as radiation source with a cold ion trap to produce and store the ions has been proven to have a high predictive power for pure rotational transition frequencies of CH2D+. Located at around 100 to 200 GHz, these are of great importance in astrophysics. The V3 fundamental vibration of Si2C3 around 5.1 µm wavelength has been measured using the OPO and a newly built jet spectrometer for the production of transient molecules. Molecular parameters have been determined with high precision. An associated hot band originating from the V7 vibrational bending mode has been resolved and analyzed for the first time. The pure carbon clusters C3 and C7 have also been examined. For the first time, a combination band of C3 and an associated hot band were detected around 3.0 µm wavelength in the gas phase. Their analyses yield valuable information about the potential energy surface of C3. Analysis of the V5 mode of C7 delivered further proof of its rigidity, which was put into question by earlier works. Last but not least, a previously unknown associated hot band of C7 has been detected and analyzed. 162 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This thesis is devoted to a study of flame aerosol deposition (FAD) of advanced phosphor coatings. FAD combines synthesis of phosphor particles by flame spray pyrolysis with their deposition onto a substrate in a single processing step. Y2O3:Eu phosphor was chosen as the main test material.The mean particle size of the phosphor powder produced by droplet-to-particle conversion (DPC) of aqueous solutions of rare earth nitrates could be varied in the range 180 ¿ 500 nm. It was found that the screens deposited from concentrated precursor solutions ( ~ 0.5 µm) achieved the brightness of the standard screens made of commercial phosphor powder ( ~ 3.5 µm). At the same time, the coating density corresponding to the maximum light emission in the transmission mode for excitation at 254 nm could be substantially reduced (0.5 vs. 2.0 mg/cm2). In the range of vacuum UV, performance of the phosphor was strongly influenced by the roughness of the particle surface. It was demonstrated that smooth Y2O3:Eu phosphor particles could be synthesized in the premixed propane/air flames by adding polymerizable organic components to the precursor solution. Alternatively, phosphor particles with improved surface morphology could be obtained by substitution of nitrate salts in the precursor solution with Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles. As opposed to Y2O3:Eu, particles of amorphous Y3Al5O12:Tb phosphor prepared by the standard DPC-FAD had nearly perfect morphology. It could be suggested that crystallization of the phosphor host during the residence time of particles in the flame is responsible for the roughness of their surface. Screens of Y2O3:Eu nanophosphor ( = 24 nm) were deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVC-)FAD from the precursor solution prepared by dissolving rare earth nitrates in ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The optimal screen density for excitation at 254 nm was 1.2 mg/cm2; the maximum transmission-mode luminescence intensity reached approximately one third of that of the commercial reference. The light scattering in the visible range was reduced by up to two orders of magnitude. As a result, the nanophosphor coatings maintained nearly constant brightness in a very wide range of coating densities. It was demonstrated that light reflection from the supporting substrate and porosity of the coating significantly influence its photoluminescent performance. It can be expected that compacted nanophosphor coatings excited in the VUV-range could facilitate the diffraction-limited resolution of the displayed images. Rapidness of the screen deposition should be emphasized as the major common advantage of both modifications of FAD. 196 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There was a time when scholars and coaches advised athletes to avoid strength training because it was believed that it would make them slow and muscle-bound and would thereby have a negative impact on their athletic performance. Another concern was that strength training would have a detrimental effect on joints and ligaments. Athletes faced the dilemma of needing strength to perform at a certain level without the increase in muscle weight caused by strength training. Science seemed to prove that gaining muscle weight makes athletes slower since force, (body) mass and acceleration interact with each other (f= m × a). Based on this formula a (acceleration) decreases, when m (body mass) is increased.Many athletes already knew from personal experience that in fact this was not inevitably the case. If the increase in body weight is mainly caused by hypertrophy of fast-twitch muscle fibre, athletes can indeed move faster even when there is a slight increase in body weight. Since muscle hypertrophy often goes along with a reduction of body fat, body weight changes may be negligible. In the meantime, the beneficial effects of strength training for many aspects of fitness and performance have been proven. It has become generally accepted that resistance training not only improves performance of competitive athletes in many sports but also offers multiple health benefits. Strength training is a topic that is being researched and studied from many different perspectives as shown in the diverse contributions to this book. These aspects include: Strength testing in basketball, eccentrics and HIT, applying social cognitive theories of behaviour to explain resistance exercise participation, muscle conditioning for soccer players, protein supplementation strategies, repetition speed and TUT in single- vs. multiple-set training, insights gained from kinematic and kinetic analyses of movement which make it obvious that children are not miniature adults, outcome-effects of high intensity pre- vs. post-exhaustion in hypertrophy training, and the effects of high intensity interval training on insulin action. 132 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The main objective of this thesis is to analyze combustion instabilities in a matrixburner. The various tools that exist for analyzing thermoacoustic instabilities are applied to the matrix burner with multiple flames. The principal goals are to determine the primary causes of combustion instabilities in the burner and to explore ways of controlling such instabilities in order to prevent damage to the burner. To achieve these goals, the stability map of the burner obtained from measurements is analyzed. This is followed by the analysis of the aerodynamics of the cold flow using CFD. Results obtained from CFD are validated with PIV and LDA results from measurements. Critical are the centerline axial velocity inside the combustion chamber and the recirculation zones on the walls of the combustion chamber and those between the various slots of the matrix burner. Cold flow simulations are followed by reactive flow simulations for both gaseous and liquid fuels. A detailed atomization model is developed for the liquid fuel case from experimental data. Two combustion models, namely, the combined finite rate/eddy dissipation model and the finite rate chemistry model are compared in the CFD simulations of combustion instabilities and validation with measurements are done. The latter is chosen over the former because it accounts for chemistry and it is not numerically dissipative. Two CFD softwares, Fluent and CFX are also compared to determine which is better at capturing acoustics. System identification using CFD is used to determine the flame transfer function and the acoustic transfer matrix. This is followed by the use of acoustic forcing and fuel modulation on the primary and pilot in order to limit the amplitude of the instabilities inside the matrix burner combustor. The 1D acoustic network is used to determine the longitudinal eigenmodes of the matrix burner. This is followed by the use of 3D finite element method (FEM) and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to determine whether a coupling exist between the fluid and structure of the matrix burner combustor and vice versa. Finally, Full harmonic analysis is performed for the rectangular combustor and the results obtained are validated with analytical results. This is followed by the 3D structure modal analysis of the full matrix burner test rig. 186 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This dissertation investigates the interaction between control and motivation in employment relationships. In a simple experimental setting, the agent chooses among effort levels after the principal determined the agent¿s choice set. Effort bears costs for the agent and benefits for the principal. The extent to which the principal restricts the agent¿s choice set corresponds to the level of control. Whether control is beneficial to the principal depends on the relative size of the disciplining and the crowding-out effects which are likely to vary with individual, situational and cultural conditions. The first study (Chapter 2) reports on a robustness check of the surprising findings by Falk and Kosfeld (2006) who show that hidden costs outweigh the benefits of control in anonymous principal-agent relationships. Our results largely confirm the existence of hidden costs of control, but they are usually not substantial enough to outweigh the benefits. Preliminary findings on the relationship between demographics and control aversion do not allow clear conclusions. The second study (Chapter 3) provides an experimental test of Frey¿s (1993) argument that control aversion increases with the closeness of the principal-agent relationship. This study also addresses methodological issues. We compare a laboratory and an internet implementation of a repeated principal-agent game where the principal can impose control at two different levels. Control aversion is stronger in the laboratory than on the internet, which confirms Frey¿s argument. The third study (Chapter 4) investigates whether the nature of politico-economic systems influences control preferences. In a large-scale internet study, we test the hypothesis that less individuals acquired control-averse preferences under the coercive regime of East Germany than under the liberal regime of West Germany. Indeed, control aversion is largely stronger among West Germans than among East Germans, and the differences are more pronounced for elder than for younger generations. 226 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The rush of marketing expenditures in the Internet has made effectiveness andefficiency increasingly relevant. In particular, online firms offering free content need to provide powerful marketing tools to advertisers to support their own business models. Behavioral targeting enables websites to selectively display advertisements to consumers according to their surfing profiles, making advertisements more relevant, and thereby increasing advertising revenues from websites. Consequently, it is often seen as a savior by online firms struggling to finance their free content. However, targeting can raise privacy concerns, leading to negative consumer reactions. Furthermore, there is increasing regulatory pressure for websites to inform surfers about targeting practices and provide them with opt-in or opt-out functions. Proactively addressing those challenges to sustain revenues from targeted advertising is highly important¿in particular for advertising-supported websites¿and requires systematic research. Such research, though, has to account for the fact that the profiling of consumers to increase advertising revenues raises ethical questions, especially because targeting often occurs without consumers¿ knowledge. This doctoral dissertation studies consumer privacy concerns with regard to online targeting practices. Specifically, it investigates how privacy concerns affect consumers¿ perceptions of targeted advertisements. Furthermore, building on social exchange theory, fairness norms, and previous research on consumer privacy concerns in related areas, such as direct mail and e-commerce, I develop tangible, managerial operational mechanisms to increase consumers¿ acceptance of targeting and improve consumers¿ perceptions of targeted advertisements. In order to ensure that these mechanisms are in line with principles of business ethics, I derive normative requirements for these mechanisms from integrative social contracts theory. 328 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The waste management in Europe has to arrange itself more and more with the guidelines of sustainable resources management and climate change targets. Therefore the material specific waste treatment by the MBT-technology, as a switch point of mass flow separation with energy-efficient treatment and utilisation of the partial streams, offers an ideal starting position. Against this background this conference paper will comment the previous development, the status and the outlook of the Mechanical-Biological- Treatment in Germany and Europe (France, Great Britain, Italy, Austria and Spain). 390 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Grassland composition and animal species may modify the grazing efficiency and ingestive behavior at pasture. However, precise knowledge on potential interactions between swarddiversity and co-grazing is not available. Thus, a trial was conducted to evaluate the behaviorpatterns and forage selectivity of cattle and sheep grazing alone or together on grass swardsdiffering in botanical composition. The experiment was carried out on mesotrophic permanent grassland in the Solling Uplands of Lower Saxony, Germany from May to September of 2009 and 2010. Species diversity of paddocks was manipulated by the use of herbicides resulting in grass-dominated swards (7 species per 9 m2) in contrast to untreated diverse swards (14 species per 9 m2) with grasses, forbs and legumes. Each sward type was combined with three grazing treatments: C= cattle mono-grazing; S= sheep mono-grazing and CS= cattle and sheep cograzing. The six treatments were set up on paddocks of 0.5 ha each, replicated three times in blocks that were grazed rotationally. The main behavior patterns (grazing, walking, and ruminating) were recorded by conducting scan sampling every ten minutes from six a.m. to ten p.m. Secondary patterns (bites per minute, steps per minute, and bites per step) were obtained per core animal and observation day. Intake choices of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Taraxacum officinale, and Trifolium repens were obtained as follows: species were visually assessed in five 0.5 m2 subplots per plot immediately before and after a period of three days grazing on a plot. Jacobs' selection index (JSI) was used to quantify the intake preference for single target species in relation to their proportion in the sward. JSI = ci - ai / ci + ai - 2ciai; where ci= % forage in the diet and ai = % forage in the pasture. Here, ai was evaluated by the difference between the percentage mass of each species before and after three days of grazing. For behavior patterns, there were important differences between sheep and cattle. Cattle varied their time budget and grazing behavior depending on the presence of sheep.However, plant diversity had no effect on cattle behavior. For sheep behavior, plant diversityrather than mono or co-grazing management was the determinant factor. Cattle mono-grazing on diverse swards spent more time grazing at lower ingestive rates. P. pratense was the most preferred forage species (JSI=0.62). L. perenne, T. officinale and T. repens were also highly preferred regardless of sward composition or type of grazer (JSI = 0.47, 0.32 and 0.27respetively). Co-grazing facilitated a more homogeneous consumption of the main foragespecies. Co-grazing might have the potential to better maintain grassland biodiversity.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The benefit of coupling different in situ spectroscopic methods (ATR-FTIR / UV-vis / Ramanspectroscopy) is exemplarily demonstrated by the means of two reactions as applicationexamples: the Lewis acid mediated formal [3+3] cyclocondensation reaction of a diene with aketenacetale and the heterogeneously catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of imines. For bothreactions new reactors (deep-temperature cell, probe autoclave) have been developed enablingin situ measurements under real reaction conditionsFor the [3+3] cyclocondensation reaction it was demonstrated that the nature of theformed product depends on the different intermediates formed between the ketenacetal andthe acids (complexation or acid catalysed rearrangement reaction). Furthermore themechanisms of similar reactions (including other Lewis acids like AlCl3, Al2O3 and TiO2 orsubstrates like N-salicylideneaniline) could be successfully elucidated.The effectiveness of the hydrogenation depends on the specific interaction of thetested ketimines with the phosphoric acid ester used as chiral modifer. This interaction ismainly influenced by the used solvent and leads to the formation of a carbocation (CH3OH) ora contact ion pair in (CH2Cl2, CF3CH2OH). Furthermore, the detected strong adsorption ofimines and modifier on the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst affect their efficiency and activity in thereaction.GPSR Kontakt, Via Sommacapagna 9, 00185 Roma / ITALIEN 140 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The potential of a new catalyst class based on vanadium containing oxynitrides has been explored in the ammoxidation of 3-picoline (3-PIC) to 3-cyanopyridine (3-CP). So far, mixed oxides of the type SbVTiSiO belong to the best catalysts for this reaction, however, space-time yields (STY) did not exceed 150 g/lh. Improving STY while maintaining high 3-CP selectivity would be energetically most sustainable. Therefore, ternary VAlZrON and VZrPON, binary VMoON and VSbON oxynitrides as well as VMON/MoxOyNz (M = Al or Zr) catalysts have been investigated for their catalytic performance and structure-reactivity relationships. With VZrAlON catalysts, highest STY values ever measured have been obtained, while VSbON catalysts bear a great potential, too. By spectroscopic multimethod analysis, applied ex and in situ, structure-reactivity relationships have been proposed. The presence of direct V-N junctions and anionic surface defects are essential for high nitrile selectivity. This is the best fulfilled for VZrAlON, VMoON and VSbON catalysts.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 154 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The infrared spectral region between wavelengths of 2 and 6 µm is of great importance in molecular physics. Molecules with an X-H bond (X being carbon, nitrogen or oxygen) exhibit strong vibrational transitions there, but also linear carbon clusters Cn (n=2,3,.). Many combination bands and overtones of low-energy vibrational modes also occur in this spectral range. Analyses of these spectral features allow - if highly resolved - for example the prediction of pure rotational transitions in the sub-mm wavelength regime, or help understanding the internal dynamics of the molecule.To provide radiation sources with extremely large frequency coverage, two optical parametric oscillator (OPO) systems in the wavelength regions from 2.5 to 4.1 µm and from 4.7 to 5.4 µm have been set up and characterized in this thesis. The OPO system around 5 µm wavelength is the only one in this spectral region used in high-resolution spectroscopy up to now. Both of the OPO systems have been shown to be ideal tools for spectroscopic studies delivering highly accurate transition frequencies of transient molecules, using the following example cases:The rovibrational spectrum of the fundamental cation CH2D+ around 3.2 µm wavelength has been measured with unprecedented spectral resolution and frequency accuracy. The combination of the OPO as radiation source with a cold ion trap to produce and store the ions has been proven to have a high predictive power for pure rotational transition frequencies of CH2D+. Located at around 100 to 200 GHz, these are of great importance in astrophysics.The V3 fundamental vibration of Si2C3 around 5.1 µm wavelength has been measured using the OPO and a newly built jet spectrometer for the production of transient molecules. Molecular parameters have been determined with high precision. An associated hot band originating from the V7 vibrational bending mode has been resolved and analyzed for the first time.The pure carbon clusters C3 and C7 have also been examined. For the first time, a combination band of C3 and an associated hot band were detected around 3.0 µm wavelength in the gas phase. Their analyses yield valuable information about the potential energy surface of C3. Analysis of the V5 mode of C7 delivered further proof of its rigidity, which was put into question by earlier works. Last but not least, a previously unknown associated hot band of C7 has been detected and analyzed.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 162 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This thesis is devoted to a study of flame aerosol deposition (FAD) of advanced phosphor coatings. FAD combines synthesis of phosphor particles by flame spray pyrolysis with their deposition onto a substrate in a single processing step. Y2O3:Eu phosphor was chosen as the main test material.The mean particle size of the phosphor powder produced by droplet-to-particle conversion (DPC) of aqueous solutions of rare earth nitrates could be varied in the range 180 - 500 nm. It was found that the screens deposited from concentrated precursor solutions ( ~ 0.5 µm) achieved the brightness of the standard screens made of commercial phosphor powder ( ~ 3.5 µm). At the same time, the coating density corresponding to the maximum light emission in the transmission mode for excitation at 254 nm could be substantially reduced (0.5 vs. 2.0 mg/cm2). In the range of vacuum UV, performance of the phosphor was strongly influenced by the roughness of the particle surface. It was demonstrated that smooth Y2O3:Eu phosphor particles could be synthesized in the premixed propane/air flames by adding polymerizable organic components to the precursor solution. Alternatively, phosphor particles with improved surface morphology could be obtained by substitution of nitrate salts in the precursor solution with Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles.As opposed to Y2O3:Eu, particles of amorphous Y3Al5O12:Tb phosphor prepared by the standard DPC-FAD had nearly perfect morphology. It could be suggested that crystallization of the phosphor host during the residence time of particles in the flame is responsible for the roughness of their surface. Screens of Y2O3:Eu nanophosphor ( = 24 nm) were deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVC-)FAD from the precursor solution prepared by dissolving rare earth nitrates in ethanol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The optimal screen density for excitation at 254 nm was 1.2 mg/cm2; the maximum transmission-mode luminescence intensity reached approximately one third of that of the commercial reference. The light scattering in the visible range was reduced by up to two orders of magnitude. As a result, the nanophosphor coatings maintained nearly constant brightness in a very wide range of coating densities. It was demonstrated that light reflection from the supporting substrate and porosity of the coating significantly influence its photoluminescent performance.It can be expected that compacted nanophosphor coatings excited in the VUV-range could facilitate the diffraction-limited resolution of the displayed images. Rapidness of the screen deposition should be emphasized as the major common advantage of both modifications of FAD.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 196 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -There was a time when scholars and coaches advised athletes to avoid strength training because it was believed that it would make them slow and muscle-bound and would thereby have a negative impact on their athletic performance. Another concern was that strength training would have a detrimental effect on joints and ligaments. Athletes faced the dilemma of needing strength to perform at a certain level without the increase in muscle weight caused by strength training. Science seemed to prove that gaining muscle weight makes athletes slower since force, (body) mass and acceleration interact with each other (f= m × a). Based on this formula a (acceleration) decreases, when m (body mass) is increased.Many athletes already knew from personal experience that in fact this was not inevitably the case. If the increase in body weight is mainly caused by hypertrophy of fast-twitch muscle fibre, athletes can indeed move faster even when there is a slight increase in body weight. Since muscle hypertrophy often goes along with a reduction of body fat, body weight changes may be negligible.In the meantime, the beneficial effects of strength training for many aspects of fitness and performance have been proven. It has become generally accepted that resistance training not only improves performance of competitive athletes in many sports but also offers multiple health benefits. Strength training is a topic that is being researched and studied from many different perspectives as shown in the diverse contributions to this book. These aspects include: Strength testing in basketball, eccentrics and HIT, applying social cognitive theories of behaviour to explain resistance exercise participation, muscle conditioning for soccer players, protein supplementation strategies, repetition speed and TUT in single- vs. multiple-set training, insights gained from kinematic and kinetic analyses of movement which make it obvious that children are not miniature adults, outcome-effects of high intensity pre- vs. post-exhaustion in hypertrophy training, and the effects of high intensity interval training on insulin action.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 132 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The main objective of this thesis is to analyze combustion instabilities in a matrixburner. The various tools that exist for analyzing thermoacoustic instabilities areapplied to the matrix burner with multiple flames. The principal goals are to determinethe primary causes of combustion instabilities in the burner and to exploreways of controlling such instabilities in order to prevent damage to the burner.To achieve these goals, the stability map of the burner obtained from measurementsis analyzed. This is followed by the analysis of the aerodynamics of the cold flowusing CFD. Results obtained from CFD are validated with PIV and LDA resultsfrom measurements. Critical are the centerline axial velocity inside the combustionchamber and the recirculation zones on the walls of the combustion chamber andthose between the various slots of the matrix burner.Cold flow simulations are followed by reactive flow simulations for both gaseous andliquid fuels. A detailed atomization model is developed for the liquid fuel case fromexperimental data. Two combustion models, namely, the combined finite rate/eddydissipation model and the finite rate chemistry model are compared in the CFDsimulations of combustion instabilities and validation with measurements are done.The latter is chosen over the former because it accounts for chemistry and it is notnumerically dissipative. Two CFD softwares, Fluent and CFX are also compared todetermine which is better at capturing acoustics. System identification using CFDis used to determine the flame transfer function and the acoustic transfer matrix.This is followed by the use of acoustic forcing and fuel modulation on the primaryand pilot in order to limit the amplitude of the instabilities inside the matrix burnercombustor.The 1D acoustic network is used to determine the longitudinal eigenmodes of thematrix burner. This is followed by the use of 3D finite element method (FEM) andfluid-structure interaction (FSI) to determine whether a coupling exist between thefluid and structure of the matrix burner combustor and vice versa.Finally, Full harmonic analysis is performed for the rectangular combustor and theresults obtained are validated with analytical results. This is followed by the 3Dstructure modal analysis of the full matrix burner test rig.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 186 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Forests and any other trees outside the forest play a relevant role all three great UN conventions on Climate Change, on Biodiversity, and on Combating Desertification. The policy processes to implement the measures in these conventions on sub-national, national, regional and international level are extremely complex. And that complexity comes, among other factors, from a blend of different sectoral and national interests, from a large number of scientifically not yet entirely resolved issues and a wide range of different biophysical, social, cultural and political conditions all over the world.The 2nd International Workshop on 'Forests in Climate Change Research and Policy: The Role of Forest Management and Conservation in a Complex International Setting' held along the conference of the parties (COP17) on 01.12.2011 - 7.12.2011 in Pietermaritzburg and Durban was focused on issues related to the role of forests for climate change and in which way their relevance is attributed in policy processes like REDD. Contributions are grouped under the topics Forest Management under Climate Change, Policy Issues of Climate Change, Monitoring Reporting and Verification, Forest Fires and Potential for REDD: Examples and Case Studies.Technical papers on challenges in context of the assessment of forest resources are mixed with contributions on climate related policy processes. Further special issues on forest fires and international case studies on the potential of REDD in different countries are given. 310 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Die Ursache für die aktuell schlechte Versorgungssituation in den meisten Ländern ist weniger in der mangelnden Verfügbarkeit von Süßwasserressourcen als vielmehr in dem schlechten Management dieser natürlichen Vorkommen zu sehen. Diese These wird durch eine umfangreiche deskriptive Untersuchung der historischen Entwicklung der Wassersektoren in verschiedenen Ländern, den unternehmerischen Anforderungen an eine nachhaltige Wasserversorgung und der Veränderungen der Schwerpunktsetzung in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sowie durch die Ergebnisse einer internationalen Umfrage unter Führungskräften kommunaler Wasserversorger belegt. Als weiterer Bestandteil fließt ferner die häufig gemachte Beobachtung ein, dass kommunale Auftraggeber lieber mit lokalen Unternehmen zusammenarbeiten. Diese Präferenz der kommunalen Auftraggeber wurde auch in den Experteninterviews deutlich. Für die Behebung bestehender Versorgungsdefizite gibt es unterschiedliche nationale und supranationale Maßnahmen (Entwicklungszusammenarbeit) sowie die Möglichkeit einer zeitlich befristeten Kooperation mit privatwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen. Diesen Ansätzen fehlt jedoch eine entsprechende Anreizstruktur, einen effektiven Know-how-Transfer zu bewirken bzw. das erhaltene Wissen entsprechend einzusetzen. Bei Projekten mit privatwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen besteht zudem zumeist eher ein Anreiz, den Transfer zu begrenzen, um den Bedarf für Folgeprojekte zu erhalten. Als Alternativmodell wird daher ein neues Geschäftsmodell entwickelt, das auf dem Konzept des business format franchising basiert. Die Anwendung des business format franchising-Konzepts soll finanzielle Anreize zum Know-how-Transfer und zur Nutzung dieses Wissens durch den Empfänger setzen. Anhand von zwei Projekten in Südafrika und Indonesien werden die Praxistauglichkeit des Geschäftsmodells untersucht sowie der projektspezifische Bedarf für weitere Modifikationen/Detaillierungen nachgewiesen. 166 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This dissertation investigates the interaction between control and motivation in employment relationships. In a simple experimental setting, the agent chooses among effort levels after the principal determined the agent's choice set. Effort bears costs for the agent and benefits for the principal. The extent to which the principal restricts the agent's choice set corresponds to the level of control. Whether control is beneficial to the principal depends on the relative size of the disciplining and the crowding-out effects which are likely to vary with individual, situational and cultural conditions.The first study (Chapter 2) reports on a robustness check of the surprising findings by Falk and Kosfeld (2006) who show that hidden costs outweigh the benefits of control in anonymous principal-agent relationships. Our results largely confirm the existence of hidden costs of control, but they are usually not substantial enough to outweigh the benefits. Preliminary findings on the relationship between demographics and control aversion do not allow clear conclusions.The second study (Chapter 3) provides an experimental test of Frey's (1993) argument that control aversion increases with the closeness of the principal-agent relationship. This study also addresses methodological issues. We compare a laboratory and an internet implementation of a repeated principal-agent game where the principal can impose control at two different levels. Control aversion is stronger in the laboratory than on the internet, which confirms Frey's argument.The third study (Chapter 4) investigates whether the nature of politico-economic systems influences control preferences. In a large-scale internet study, we test the hypothesis that less individuals acquired control-averse preferences under the coercive regime of East Germany than under the liberal regime of West Germany. Indeed, control aversion is largely stronger among West Germans than among East Germans, and the differences are more pronounced for elder than for younger generations.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 226 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt den Sprühröstprozess als Regenerationsprozess eisenchloridhaltiger Beizlösungen. Zur Behandlung verzunderter Metalloberflächen wird häufig Salzsäure genutzt, mit der Eisenoxidschichten entfernt werden. Die im Laufe dieses Prozesses immer weiter mit Eisenchlorid aufgesättigte Lösung wird anschließend regeneriert, so dass die Salzsäure wieder in den Beizprozess zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Regenerierung erfolgt durch Eindüsung der gesättigten Lösung in eine typischerweise mit Erdgas beheizte Brennkammer. Dabei bildet sich Eisenoxid (Fe2O3) als Nebenprodukt. Abhängig von der Beschaffenheit kann auch dieses Nebenprodukt kommerziell genutzt werden, führt also zu einer weiteren Kostenoptimierung des Produktionsvorgangs. Bisher sind nur wenige Details der Partikelbildung während des Sprühröstprozesses eisenchloridhaltiger Lösungen bekannt. Diese sind aber notwendig, um das Design industrieller Anlagen zu optimieren. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchung der gebildeten Eisenoxidpartikel. Dazu wurde ein laminarer Fallrohrreaktor im Labormaßstab gebaut, in dem monodisperse Tropfen einer Eisenchloridlösung unter typischen Bedingungen abgeröstet wurden. An den so entstandenen Feststoffproben wurden Untersuchungen bezüglich der Partikelmorphologie, Oberflächenstruktur und Mineralphasenzusammensetzung durchgeführt, die eine Charakterisierung und Bewertung des Röstvorganges ermöglichten. Aus den Laborexperimenten konnten Ergebnisse gewonnen werden, die zur Optimierung eines Modells zur numerischen Simulation industrieller Anlagen genutzt werden konnten. Das Modell stellt den Partikelbildungsprozess vereinfacht dar, beinhaltet aber charakteristische Merkmale der Partikelbildung sowie der Reaktionskinetik. Bei industriellen Sprühröstreaktoren handelt es sich um großvolumige Anlagen, in denen eine turbulente, rotierende Heißgasströmung vorherrscht, in die die Eisenchloridlösung eingedüst wird. Aufgrund der komplexen Strömungsverhältnisse und der über mehr als eine Größenordnung streuenden Größenverteilung der Tropfen nach erfolgter Eindüsung ist eine experimentelle Untersuchung der Partikelbildung in diesen Anlagen nur eingeschränkt möglich. Das mit Daten der Laborexperimente entwickelte Modell konnte genutzt werden, um mittels CFD-Simulationen den Einfluss verschiedener Betriebszustände auf die Eigenschaften der Eisenoxidpartikel zu bestimmen. Weiterhin konnten die Simulationen Aufschluss über die Strömungsverhältnisse in industriellen Großanlagen liefern. Die Ergebnisse führen zu einem erweiterten Verständnis der Vorgänge in Sprühröstreaktoren und bilden eine Grundlage zur weiteren Optimierung des Prozesses mittels numerischer Simulationen. 154 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -In every day life the immiscibility of polar and non-polar components is a common problem. For instance molten chocolate coating already firms up, if it encounters the slightest bit of water. A smart possibility to overcome this problem is the use of microemulsions, which contain at least a polar, non-polar and an amphiphilic component. The formulation of bio compatible microemulsions is limited by the choice of surfactants permissible for applications in food, pharmaceutics and cosmetics. This work presents a progress and first milestones in formulating food-grade microemulsions which are suitable for all these applications. Triglycerides and phospholipids are edible, organic and thus the favored components. Microemulsions based on these were investigated. The first milestones towards the formulation of food-grade microemulsions are presented. Performed SANS measurements show, that microemulsions of the type H2O/NaCl - triglyceride - phospholipid - edible co-surfactant exhibit a bicontinuous structure. Systematic studies were performed on how these microemulsions can be tuned regarding temperature range, surfactant mass fraction and structure. Therefore, the influence of bio-compatible hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic components on the phase behavior was investigated separately in well known (not food acceptable) model systems. Based on this work, a novel technique to introduce a polar into a non-polar phase and vice versa using a microemulsion or lamellar phase at low surfactant mass fractions was developed. This new invention of eXpandible moisture adapting sheets (X-mas) highlights the many possibilities of edible microemulsion for industrial exploitation.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 246 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Die Alterung von Rotwein geht mit einer maßgeblichen Veränderung des Polyphenolprofils einher, was die bekannten Änderungen der Farbe und des Geschmacksbildes mit sich zieht. Polymere Polyphenole machen besonders in älterem Wein einen Großteil der Polyphenole aus, und obwohl bekannt ist, dass bei der Alterung die Konzentration monomerer Polyphenole abnimmt, ist die Schlussfolgerung, dass die Alterung mit einer zunehmenden Polymerisation der monomeren Verbindungen verbunden ist, nicht zwingend zulässig. Bisher unbekannte Reaktionen und die Depolymerisation der Polymere bestimmen das Geschmacksbild und die Farbe von Rotwein.Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, diese weitestgehend unbekannten Strukturen zu untersuchen, die bei diesen Reaktionen entstehen. Dabei sollten sowohl die chemischen Reaktionen und Strukturen untersucht werden, als auch deren sensorische Ausprägung. Hierzu wurden zwei ineinandergreifende Aspekte untersucht. Zum einen wurden die oligomeren Verbindungen synthetisiert und ihre Eigenschaften sowie deren Reaktionsverläufe untersucht. Zum anderen wurden die Polymere eines gealterten Rotweines isoliert, fraktioniert und nachfolgend sensorisch und chemisch analytisch charakterisiert. 172 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The rush of marketing expenditures in the Internet has made effectiveness andefficiency increasingly relevant. In particular, online firms offering free content need to provide powerful marketing tools to advertisers to support their own business models. Behavioral targeting enables websites to selectively display advertisements to consumers according to their surfing profiles, making advertisements more relevant, and thereby increasing advertising revenues from websites. Consequently, it is often seen as a savior by online firms struggling to finance their free content. However, targeting can raise privacy concerns, leading to negative consumer reactions. Furthermore, there is increasing regulatory pressure for websites to inform surfers about targeting practices and provide them with opt-in or opt-out functions. Proactively addressing those challenges to sustain revenues from targeted advertising is highly important¿in particular for advertising-supported websites¿and requires systematic research. Such research, though, has to account for the fact that the profiling of consumers to increase advertising revenues raises ethical questions, especially because targeting often occurs without consumers¿ knowledge. This doctoral dissertation studies consumer privacy concerns with regard to online targeting practices. Specifically, it investigates how privacy concerns affect consumers¿ perceptions of targeted advertisements. Furthermore, building on social exchange theory, fairness norms, and previous research on consumer privacy concerns in related areas, such as direct mail and e-commerce, I develop tangible, managerial operational mechanisms to increase consumers¿ acceptance of targeting and improve consumers¿ perceptions of targeted advertisements. In order to ensure that these mechanisms are in line with principles of business ethics, I derive normative requirements for these mechanisms from integrative social contracts theory.Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 328 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The waste management in Europe has to arrange itself more and more with the guidelines of sustainable resources management and climate change targets. Therefore the material specific waste treatment by the MBT-technology, as a switch point of mass flow separation with energy-efficient treatment and utilisation of the partial streams, offers an ideal starting position. Against this background this conference paper will comment the previous development, the status and the outlook of the Mechanical-Biological- Treatment in Germany and Europe (France, Great Britain, Italy, Austria and Spain).Cuvillier Verlag, Nonnenstieg 8, 37075 Göttingen 390 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Forests and any other trees outside the forest play a relevant role all three great UN conventions on Climate Change, on Biodiversity, and on Combating Desertification. The policy processes to implement the measures in these conventions on sub-national, national, regional and international level are extremely complex. And that complexity comes, among other factors, from a blend of different sectoral and national interests, from a large number of scientifically not yet entirely resolved issues and a wide range of different biophysical, social, cultural and political conditions all over the world.The 2nd International Workshop on 'Forests in Climate Change Research and Policy: The Role of Forest Management and Conservation in a Complex International Setting' held along the conference of the parties (COP17) on 01.12.2011 - 7.12.2011 in Pietermaritzburg and Durban was focused on issues related to the role of forests for climate change and in which way their relevance is attributed in policy processes like REDD. Contributions are grouped under the topics Forest Management under Climate Change, Policy Issues of Climate Change, Monitoring Reporting and Verification, Forest Fires and Potential for REDD: Examples and Case Studies.Technical papers on challenges in context of the assessment of forest resources are mixed with contributions on climate related policy processes. Further special issues on forest fires and international case studies on the potential of REDD in different countries are given. 310 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Doping im Sport ist seit rund 100 Jahren Gegenstand eines breiten gesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskurses. Dieser Diskurs zeugt immer wieder von geradezu alchemistischen Vorstellungen einer gefahrlos möglichen pharmakologischen Selbsttransformation zum Zweck der Leistungssteigerung. Der aktuelle Diskurs um Neuroenhancement ('Gehirndoping') weist dazu verblüffende Parallelen auf. In diesem Buch soll deshalb der Versuch unternommen werden, aus der Geschichte des Dopings für das aktuelle Enhancement-Problem zu lernen.Doping wird dabei als Risikoentwicklung beschrieben, die mit einer hohen Zwangsläufigkeit unerwünschte medizinische und soziale Nebenfolgen zeitigt. Diese wiederum sind geeignet, die angestrebten Ziele langfristig zu gefährden. Untersucht wird, wie moderne Leistungsorientierung ideengeschichtlich erzeugt und ethisch aufgeladen wurde und wie dies offenbar den Blick für pathologische Seiten dieser sportlichen wie gesellschaftlichen Leistungsorientierung verstellt.Doping und Enhancement sind damit nicht nur als betrügerische Handlungen Einzelner zu begreifen, sondern mehr noch als verzweifelte Antwort von Menschen auf eine Hypertrophie gesellschaftlicher Leistungsorientierung. Daraus werden Schlussfolgerungen für eine breitere Strategie gegen sportlichen und gesellschaftlichen Medikamentenmissbrauch gezogen. Erfolgreich kann Prävention jedoch nur dann sein, wenn die Bedingungen, unter denen moderne Gesellschaften Leistung generieren, grundlegend hinterfragt werden. 212 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Die Teilnehmer des Wertschöpfungsnetzwerkes in der Automobilindustrie haben eine erhebliche Planungsunsicherheit zu bewältigen, weil die Bedarfsvorschau der Automobilhersteller mit den tatsächlichen Bedarfen an Teilen oft nicht übereinstimmt. Um diese Situation zu bewältigen, entstand in der Automobilindustrie die Idee der Belieferung nach Perlenkette, in deren Rahmen die Bedarfsvorschau für mehrere Tage eingefroren wird. Damit wird eine zuverlässige Planungsgrundlage für das vorgelagerte Wertschöpfungs netzwerk zur Verfügung gestellt. Bisher fehlte jedoch eine Vorgehensmethodik, die Unternehmen bei der Implementierung der Belieferung nach Perlenkette unterstützt. Der wissenschaftliche Beitrag der vorliegenden Arbeit umfasst deshalb den Aufbau eines methodischen Konzeptes zur Umsetzung der Belieferung nach Perlenkette.Zunächst wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Defizite in der Umsetzung der Belieferung nach Perlenkette aufgedeckt, indem die existierenden Ansätze in der Praxis und in der Forschung behandelt wurden. Um den Stand der Umsetzung der Belieferung nach Perlenkette in der Praxis zu ermitteln, wurde eine empirische Studie bei den Automobilherstellern, Zulieferern und Logistikdienstleistern durchgeführt. Danach erfolgten die Spezifikation der Umsetzungsmaßnahmen des Perlenkettenkonzeptes sowie das Clustering der Materialflussprozesse unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Auswirkungen des Perlenkettenkonzeptes, sodass auf dieser Grundlage die Beschreibung der Prozessgestaltung in der Belieferung nach Perlenkette ermöglicht wurde. Anschließend wurde die Entscheidungsfindung zur Prozessgestaltung beschrieben, indem die Prozessgestaltung jedes einzelnen Materialflussclusters erläutert wurde. Zudem wurde ein Referenzmodell entwickelt, das zur Untersuchung der Maßnahmenkombination und damit zur Planungsunterstützung bei der Prozessgestaltung eingesetzt werden kann. 218 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Die durchgeführten Studien der Teile I bis IV haben den Anspruch, das Verständnis der Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke Die durchgeführten Studien der Teile I bis IV haben den Anspruch, das Verständnis der Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke im Agrar- und Ernährungssektor ¿ hier meist am Beispiel der Produktion von Lebensmitteln tierischer Herkunft ¿ aus kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Sicht zu verbessern. Dazu wird im ersten Teil der Arbeit die Relevanz von Kommunikation in dem angesprochenen Bereich anhand einer Seuchenausbreitungssimulation verdeutlicht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eindeutig, dass gerade in dem international arbeitsteiligen Bereich der Schweinefleischproduktion eine grenzübergreifende Kommunikation und somit Zusammenarbeit unerlässlich ist. Ein Ausbruch der klassischen Schweinepest in einer der Intensivregionen der Schweinefleischproduktion an der deutsch-niederländischen Grenze könnte durch eine Harmonisierung der Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen mehr als drei Wochen schneller und zusätzlich mit einer niedrigeren Wiederausbruchsgefahr beseitigt werden. Diese Ergebnisse lassen auch auf das volkswirtschaftliche Wohlfahrtspotential einer effektiven Kommunikation schließen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird das volkswirtschaftliche und epidemiologische Risiko durch die vergleichsweise hohe Viehbestandsdichte in Nordwestdeutschland zwar negativ beeinflusst, jedoch zeigen Studien das immense Wettbewerbspotential solcher Cluster auf. Die Einflussfaktoren der Clusterbildung und die damit einhergehenden Vorteile werden auch in Teil I thematisiert. Dabei wird das Kommunikationsverhalten von Clusterregionen und Nicht-Clusterregionen verglichen und mit der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Betriebe in beiden Regionen in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Hypothese des Wettbewerbsvorteils in Clustern, die vor allem auf eine höhere Informiertheit der Akteure zurückzuführen ist. Somit bleibt es zwischen den auf der einen Seite im öffentlichen Diskurs vorgebrachten Argumenten gegen eine Clusterbildung (z.B. Tierseuchen und Umweltverschmutzung) und den Wettbewerbsvorteilen für die Region auf der anderen Seite abzuwägen. 228 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In dieser Arbeit werden unterschiedliche MOSFET-Konzepte hinsichtlich ihrer Temperaturstabilität verglichen. Ferner wird eines der Konzepte in einen Feldeffekt-Gassensor integriert und charakterisiert. Zu den MOSFET-Konzepten zählen zum einen laterale und zum anderen vertikale Transistoren. Die laterale MOSFETVariante wird auf Silizium und SOI-Substraten (Silicon On Insulator) aufgebaut. Durch den Einsatz der SOI-Substrate kann eine deutliche Steigerung der Temperaturstabilität erzielt werden. Die vertikale MOSFET-Variante bietet bedingt durch die Prozessführung eine einfache Möglichkeit zur Realisierung von kurzen Kanallängen und hohen Kanaldotierungen. Vor allem durch die hohe Kanaldotierung ist dieses Konzept prädestiniert für den Aufbau von temperaturstabilen MOSFETs. Weitere Temperaturfestigkeit der vertikalen MOSFETs kann durch eine Modifikation des Kanaldotierprofils gewonnen werden. In dem hergestellten Gassensor wird ein vertikaler Auslesetransistor eingesetzt. Die Funktion des Sensors wird anhandvon Gasmessungen nachgewiesen. 240 pp. Deutsch.