callisto reference jun 2019 (178 resultados)

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - When excessive quantities of pollutants or harmful substances such as particulates, gases, etc. are introduced into the Earth's atmosphere, it leads to air pollution. It is damaging to the natural and built environment and may potentially result in allergies, diseases and death in humans. Pollutants can be natural or man-made. They can be further classified into primary and secondary pollutants. Carbon dioxide is a primary pollutant that has the most significant contribution to air pollution. Some secondary pollutants are ground-level ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate. Reduction of fossil fuel use, transition to renewable and clean energy, use of particulate control devices, etc. are some of the techniques for the control of air pollution. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to air pollution control. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of air pollution and its impacts. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Biomass refers to plant and plant-based materials that do not have application as food or feed, but are used for the generation of energy through combustion or via conversion into different forms of biofuel. It is considered a renewable source of energy. The conversion of biomass into biofuel is achieved by various chemical, biochemical and thermal methods. Some of the chemical constituents of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignins. Biofuels are derived from domestic, agricultural, commercial and industrial wastes. These can be solid, liquid or gaseous. Some examples are bioethanol, biodiesel, syngas, ethanol fuels, etc. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied aspects of biomass and biofuels. It elucidates new production techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in this field.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The study of genes, variation and heredity in plants is under the scope of plant genetics. An important area of study in plant genetics is plant breeding. It is the practice of altering or enhancing certain traits in plants to obtain desired characteristics. Some of these include disease resistance, higher yield, drought tolerance or better adaptability to changed climatic condition. Modern plant breeding employs techniques such as marker assisted selection, reverse breeding and double haploids. Genetic modification that allows the addition or deletion of new genes to produce desirable phenotypes in plants is another method used for plant breeding. An understanding of plant genetics and plant breeding techniques can enable the development of solutions for the sustainment of agriculture in the face of harsh cropping conditions, food security concerns or loss of soil quality. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of plant breeding which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. It further elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to plant genetics. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Athletic performance can be improved by adhering to an effective diet and nutrition plan. Nutrition is an important aspect of sports training regimens, for strength building and endurance enhancement. Some of the factors that determine an athlete's nutritional requirement are the type of activity, weight, gender, body mass index, etc. The field of sports nutrition studies all these aspects of nutrition and also focuses on the quantity of food and fluids that are required by an athlete. Dietary supplements, which contain dietary ingredients such as minerals, vitamins, amino acids, etc., can be used to improve athletic performance, supply energy or aid in recovery. Human growth hormones, steroids, creatine, BCAAs and caffeine are examples of supplements. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of sports nutrition. It unfolds the innovative aspects of sports nutrition, which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on this subject.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Sustainable landscaping is a set of practices that are designed as a response measure to environmental issues, such as global climate change, pollution, carbon sequestration, pesticide poisoning, etc. It encompasses all stages of landscaping including design, construction, management and implementation. Some of the unsustainable factors that have a detrimental effect on the environment include soil, air and water contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, toxic compounds in the environment, etc. Some of the sustainable landscaping solutions include bio-filtering of wastes by constructed wetlands, landscape irrigation using gray water, using Integrated Pest Management, recycling of products, etc. Such solutions can be integrated in building design, which encompasses all aspects of engineering, technical and architectural applications to the design of building. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and applications of sustainable landscaping in building design. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the disciplines. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of sustainable landscaping and building design.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The use of living organisms to make or develop or modify products is under the broad field of biotechnology. Plant biotechnology is a branch of this discipline that is concerned with the application of the techniques of biotechnology for plant breeding and improvement. Some of the objectives include improving plant quality, increasing crop yield, increasing tolerance to environmental stresses, viruses, fungi, bacteria and pests. Such modifications are of immense use in agriculture. The techniques of marker assisted selection, doubled haploidy, reverse breeding and genetic modification facilitate such changes. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of plant biotechnology. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this field. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture that is concerned with the selective breeding, caring and raising of livestock for meat, milk, leather, eggs, etc. A wide variety of animals are raised for their products. Some of the commonly raised animals include cow, sheep, goat and pig. Species such as llama, rabbit, horse, guinea pig, etc. are also raised as livestock in some parts of the world. Modern animal husbandry focuses on intensive farming practices for meeting market demand. Animal breeding strives to ensure higher growth rate, low feed consumption for each unit of growth, prolificness, higher yields, etc. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are common practices that are used today. This textbook is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of animal husbandry and livestock management. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to raising livestock. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The field of cosmology investigates the origin, evolution and the future of the universe as well as the scientific principles and laws that guide these phenomena. The fields of physics and astrophysics use mathematical formulations, scientific observation and experimentation for the development of this subject. The universe is believed to have started with the big bang, after which it underwent a process of cosmic inflation. Modern cosmology evolved after the formulation of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, new galaxy redshift surveys, gravitational lensing, observations of supernovae, etc. have further advanced the understanding of the universe. This book is a valuable compilation of topics that covers the most fundamental theories and principles of cosmology. It presents the complex subject of cosmology in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text in this domain.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The vertebrate animals within the class Mammalia are called mammals. There are around 4,200 different species of mammals. They are characterized by the presence of a neocortex, three middle ear bones, hair and mammary glands. Mammals are adapted for life on land, in the sea, in trees, underground or in the air. They are intelligent animals with large brains, self-awareness, vocalization and organization. They communicate through the processes of scent-marking, singing, ultrasound production, echolocation, etc. Mammals can be solitary and territorial, but can also organize themselves into hierarchies, harems and fission-fusion societies. The studies of all mammals, their ecology, diversity, adaptation and management are under the field of mammalogy. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of mammalogy. It provides comprehensive insights into this vast area of study. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Medicinal plants are plants, which possess therapeutic and medicinal properties. These plants are used for developing therapies and treatments for traditional Chinese medicine, herbalism and Ayurveda, as well as for the conventional pharmaceutical industry. Medicinal plants produce chemical compounds, which help them fight and develop a defense against fungi, diseases, insects and herbivorous animals. These compounds can be classified into the major classes of glycosides, alkaloids, polyphenols and terpenes. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of medicinal plants. Readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about the properties and therapeutic value of medicinal plants. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Bacteria constitute a large category of prokaryotic microorganisms which are a few micrometers in size. The study of bacteria, their biochemistry, morphology, ecology and genetics is under the scope of bacteriology. The importance of bacteriology is witnessed in its wide applications in the treatment and prevention of diseases with the use of vaccines. It is an important domain under microbiology, which studies the classification, identification and characterization of bacterial species. This textbook aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of bacteriology. It elucidates new techniques and applications of this discipline in a multidisciplinary approach. In this book, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of bacteriology as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Evolution is a natural process that drives a change in the heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations. Such changes are mediated by genes as they are transmitted from one parent to offspring. Evolution is at the core of the emergence of biodiversity at each stage of biological organization such as at species, organisms and molecular levels. Genetic variations in a population are introduced due to mutations and genetic recombination. Some of these characteristics become common or rare within a specific population due to evolutionary processes of natural selection and genetic drift. The impact of evolution is seen in terms of change in adaptability, cooperation among species, coevolution, speciation and extinction. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of evolution. The topics included herein are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. This textbook is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Postharvest handling is the process of cooling, sorting, packing and cleaning the crop after harvest. It is a stage of crop production in which the crop is removed from the parent plant or is removed from the ground. At this stage, the crop is vulnerable to quality deterioration. Postharvest treatment determines whether a crop is suitable for food processing or for fresh consumption. The targets of postharvest management are to keep the product cool and its moisture content intact. It also strives to prevent physical damage to delay spoilage. Sanitation is also an important aspect of postharvest management. High-speed cooling, refrigerated and atmosphere-controlled environments are used in large operations to prolong freshness. After harvesting, shelf life is dependent on the overall flavor, taste, texture and appearance. Postharvest technology is crucial for stimulating agricultural production, preventing postharvest losses and improving nutrition. This book provides comprehensive insights in the field of postharvest management. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with postharvest management will benefit alike from this book.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Greenhouse gases emit and absorb radiant energy, in the thermal infrared zone. Gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, ozone and water vapor are the prominent types of greenhouse gases which result in an increase in temperature of the Earth's surface. This effect is called the greenhouse effect. Some gases have an indirect radiative effect. They may break down in the atmosphere producing a greenhouse gas, or undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere thereby changing the concentrations of greenhouse gases. Elevated levels of greenhouse gases can potentially lead to rising sea levels, extreme weather phenomena, negative effects on agricultural productivity and loss of biodiversity. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of greenhouse gases and the recent researches in this field. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students as well as for experts.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Horticulture is the science that is concerned with growing fruits and vegetables. Urban horticulture is a branch of horticulture that studies the relationship between plants and the urban environment. Such studies are applied for the improvement of the surrounding urban area. It is based on the principle that nature has a positive influence on human health, their emotional and psychological wellbeing. In urban horticulture, crops are grown in small gardens and fields, as well as in flowerpots and grow bags. Community gardening is an upcoming practice in this field. It helps in cleaning neighborhoods, restoring nature in industrial areas and creating a relationship between a place and the people. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of urban horticulture. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about urban horticulture.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Water quality refers to the different chemical, radiological, physical and biological characteristics of water. It also refers to the measurement of the condition of water taking into consideration its usefulness and need for different purposes. Water is treated for three major utilizations of human consumption, industrial use, and environmental health. Different parameters such as pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, etc. are measured for determining water quality. Sample collection, chemical analysis and real-time monitoring are employed for the assessment of water quality. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the diverse assessment and management processes of water quality. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on water quality have been included herein. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - A forest ecosystem is a natural unit that consists of diverse species of plants, animals and microorganisms, functioning in close association with the abiotic factors of the environment. The study of forest ecosystems falls under forest ecology. It also studies all aspects of forestry and silviculture. Sustainability of forest ecosystems is approached from multiple aspects of forest resource extent, biological diversity, forest health, productivity, protection, socio-economic function and policy framework. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of forest sustainability. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Organic farming is an agricultural practice, characterized by the use of products of organic origin like compost manure, bone meal, green manure, etc. It also involves the techniques of companion planting and crop rotation. Organic farming is a system that discourages the use of plant growth regulators, antibiotics in livestock, hormones, genetically modified organisms, etc. It strives to adopt a healthy, sustainable and self-sufficient approach to farming. Crop diversity, composting, biological pest control, integrated pest management, etc. are some of the common practices of this field. The study of organic farming methods is under the scope of agroecology. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of organic farming which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. Also included in this book is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and practices of this discipline. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts of the subject.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The science and technology of environmental remote sensing refers to the use of aircraft- and satellite-based sensors to gather information about the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, glaciers, etc. It is different from on-site observation, as it does not include making physical contact with the observation site or the object of study. This technology is mostly used in conducting land surveys and guiding investigations in the fields of geology, ecology and hydrology. The different tools of environmental remote sensing are light detection and ranging (LIDAR), laser and radar altimeters, hyperspectral imagers, ultrasound and radar tide gauges, sonar, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the environmental applications of remote sensing. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of environmental remote sensing. This book is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Earthquake engineering is a field of engineering, which includes designing, and analyzing structures with respect to seismic loading. The main goal of earthquake engineering is to make structures, which are more earthquake resistant and resilient. The field is rapidly evolving with a major focus on protecting the society, and the environment by minimizing the seismic risk to socially and economically acceptable levels. The field includes concepts like seismic design, failure mode, earthquake-resistant construction, etc. Seismic vibration control devices are used in building structures to reduce the potential impact of earthquakes. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field. It studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of earthquake engineering and its utmost significance in modern times. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with the study of earthquake engineering will benefit alike from this text.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Epigenetics studies heritable genetic changes that occur due to a change in gene function, generated through processes like DNA methylation, histone modification, etc. Epigenetic changes alter the microstructure of DNA or the associated chromatin proteins leading to gene activation or silencing. Chromatin is a macromolecular complex, consisting of DNA, RNA and protein found in cells. Its primary functions are packaging DNA into more compact and denser shape, preventing DNA damage, controlling gene expression and DNA replication. The structure of chromatin is subject to change depending on the stage of the cell cycle. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed the understanding of epigenetics and chromatin. It is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in these fields. It will be a valuable source of reference for students and researchers alike.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Animal husbandry and livestock management are two interrelated fields that study the rearing and breeding of livestock to obtain farm labor, meat, wool, eggs, etc. Animals are also raised for specific purposes such as producing vaccines and antiserums. These fields have multiple branches such as poultry farming, dairy farming, aquaculture, etc. Animal husbandry is also concerned with varied aspects of animal feeding, their breeding, health and welfare. Some of the popular practices of this domain include intensive animal farming, cross-breeding, artificial insemination, etc. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under animal husbandry and livestock management. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book will prove immensely beneficial to students and researchers in these fields.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Environmental quality refers to the measure of the environmental condition relative to human need and the requirements of one or more species. It is understood with respect to the natural and the built environment, including water pollution, air purity, noise, etc. and the effects of such characteristics on physical and psychological health. The monitoring of environmental quality is useful in environmental impact assessment, as well as in the circumstances when anthropogenic activities pose an environmental risk. Environmental monitoring is done with respect to air, soil and water quality monitoring, which is aided by various sampling methods. Environmental resource management is concerned with the management of the impact of human activities on the environment. It involves the management of both the biotic and abiotic components of the biophysical environment and the relationships among living organisms and their habitats. This book provides significant information of environmental quality, monitoring and management to help develop a better understanding of the current environmental condition and its management. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying these fields as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The study of botany that aims to use plants for medicinal purposes is known as herbalism. Some of the products of herbalism include herbal medicines, natural health products, herbal remedies, supplements, etc. Many herbs are applied to the skin in the form of essential oils. Herbalism is widely practiced throughout Africa and Asia. Traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda are examples of herbal medicine. This book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. It covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around herbal medicine. For all those who are interested in this field, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The branch of biology, which involves the study of organisms and their interactions with their environment, is called ecology. It focuses on the interactions between organisms and with the abiotic factors of the environment. Some of the significant topics studied under this field include competition and cooperation between species, biodiversity, population of organisms, biomass and distribution of organisms. Ecology has applications in diverse fields like forestry, conservation biology, community health, wetland management, human social interaction, etc. The understanding of the principles of ecology is fundamental to the development of behavioral ecology, social ecology, cognitive ecology, biogeography, molecular ecology and social ecology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into the field of ecology.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Earth science is the science that studies the physical constitution of the Earth and its atmosphere. This includes the analysis of the physical characteristics of the Earth, such as earthquakes, floods, fossils, etc. The lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and the biosphere are the fundamental spheres of the Earth. The studies of these are approached in a multidisciplinary manner involving the integration of the tools of geography, physics, chronology, chemistry, etc. The study of the Earth's atmosphere, its magnetic field and the Earth's interior are some of the areas of interest in this domain. This book presents the complex subject of Earth science in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this category. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Earth science is a branch of science that studies the physical constitution of the Earth, its atmosphere and its various processes. Comprehension of the Earth and its physical characteristics is achieved by developing an understanding of all the Earth's spheres. It includes the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere and biosphere, as well as the Earth's interior and its magnetic field. Quantitative understanding is developed by an integration of the principles of geography, chronology, physics, chemistry and biology. The fields of science within the umbrella discipline of Earth science include physical geography, geophysics, soil science, ecology, atmospheric sciences, etc. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of Earth science and related fields. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of this discipline. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of Earth Science.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Marine biology, zoology and ecology are sub-disciplines of biology. Marine biology is the study of marine life on Earth and strives to categorize organisms as per their functions. Marine zoology, on the other hand, is the science concerned with the study of all aspects of the marine animal kingdom and the interactions between the species within this kingdom. The study of the relations of marine organisms with their surroundings is called marine ecology. The aim of this book is to provide information about the theories and techniques central to these fields while also shedding light on the theoretical advancements achieved in the scientific research. It also delves into upcoming concepts and theories that are associated with these three disciplines in comprehensive detail. This book, with its in-depth analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The study of the different structures and functions of the cell falls under the discipline of cell biology. It explains the organization of cell organelles, their physiological properties, signaling pathways, metabolic processes and interactions with the environment. The studies are done on a microscopic and molecular level. It encompasses the study of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Various technological implements are employed, such as optical microscopy, electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, besides many others. Cell culture, immunostaining, computational genomics, etc. are some of the different methods used in cell biology studies. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of cell biology. It traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Fisheries science is the scientific study of fisheries including their management and development. Fisheries science is a multidisciplinary field that integrates the concepts and principles from a range of subjects such as limnology, oceanography, freshwater biology, marine biology, etc. Fisheries research involves collection of water samples from different depths, acoustic fish finding techniques, etc. to develop a better understanding of the ecological aspects of fisheries. Fisheries can be categorized as saltwater, wild, freshwater or farmed. Tuna, cod, shrimp, crab, oyster, etc. are some of the commonly harvested species. This book essentially covers the crucial concepts related to this field while also discussing the recent advancements made in this field. It is compiled in such a manner that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of fisheries science. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.