birkhäuser aug 2018 (223 resultados)

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Since 2014, the Human Cities network has been working on Challenging the City Scale: a pan-European project led by Cité du design Saint-Étienne and supported by the Creative Europe programme to question the urban scale and investigate co-creation in cities. The Human Cities partners have carried out urban experimentations in 11 European cities empowering citizens to rethink the spaces in which they live, work and spend their leisure time. Through conversations with people involved, the book examines how bottom-up processes and their design, tools and instruments generate new ideas to reinvent the city. It offers inspiration and insights to everyone, from practitioners and politicians to designers and active citizens, eager to try out new ways to produce more human cities together. ; Seit 2014 arbeitet das Netzwerk Human Cities an Challenging the City Scale: einem geförderten EU-Projekt im Rahmen von Creative Europe, unter der Leitung von Cité du design Saint-Étienne. Verschiedene Stadtexperimente in elf europäischen Städten sollten die Bürger dazu befähigen, die Räume, in denen sie leben, arbeiten und ihre Freizeit verbringen, neu zu denken und aktiv mitzugestalten. In Gesprächen mit Beteiligten wurde untersucht, wie solche Bottom-up-Prozesse mit ihren Werkzeugen und Instrumenten neue Ideen für die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Bewohnern und Stadtverwaltung liefern können. Das Buch bietet eine Vielzahl von Inspirationen und Erkenntnissen für all die Planer und Politiker, Praktiker und aktiven Bürger, die neue Wege suchen, um gemeinsam menschliche Städte zu erschaffen.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Gion Caminada ist weit über die Grenzen der Schweiz hinaus bekannt: als Architekt, der sein Schaffen aus dem Kontext entwickelt und diesem neue Impulse gibt - in der preisgekrönten Erneuerung seiner Heimatgemeinde Vrin, durch die Renaissance des Dorfes Valendas mit Gasthof und Gemeindesaal, mit den Bauten um das Kloster Disentis, die zu dessen Erneuerung beitrugen, oder durch vieles mehr. Seine Erfahrung gibt er als Professor für Architektur und Entwurf an der ETH weiter. Die Biennale Venedig 2018 präsentiert seinen Beitrag zur Architektur. In diesem illustrierten Interview erzählt er von seinem Weg zum Bauen, von alten Dörfern, vom Zusammenspiel mit engagierten Bürgern, und von den Ideen, die ihn in seinem Leben antreiben. 160 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Gion Caminada ist weit über die Grenzen der Schweiz hinaus bekannt: als Architekt, der sein Schaffen aus dem Kontext entwickelt und diesem neue Impulse gibt - in der preisgekrönten Erneuerung seiner Heimatgemeinde Vrin, durch die Renaissance des Dorfes Valendas mit Gasthof und Gemeindesaal, mit den Bauten um das Kloster Disentis, die zu dessen Erneuerung beitrugen, oder durch vieles mehr. Seine Erfahrung gibt er als Professor für Architektur und Entwurf an der ETH weiter. Die Biennale Venedig 2018 präsentiert seinen Beitrag zur Architektur. In diesem illustrierten Interview erzählt er von seinem Weg zum Bauen, von alten Dörfern, vom Zusammenspiel mit engagierten Bürgern, und von den Ideen, die ihn in seinem Leben antreiben.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Eine frappierende Erzählung, die zum ersten Mal überzeugend erklärt, warum die Welt der Architektur heute so ist, wie sie ist. Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Architektur in einer furiosen Gesamtschau, neu erzählt als Geschichte einer großen Transformation: von der Baukunst der Antike bis zur ersten Phase des Neubeginns in der Renaissance, von der Entfaltung der modernen Architektur bis hin zur Gegenwart und ihrer zukünftigen Entwicklung. Weil diese vielfältigen Prozesse mit dem Aufbruch der Moderne immer mehr Fahrt aufgenommen und inzwischen ein atem-beraubendes Tempo erreicht haben, drohen Überblick und Orientierung gänzlich verloren zu gehen: Was ist und was bleibt das Wesen der Architektur Warum ist sie geworden, was sie heute ist Wie wird sie sich weiterentwickeln Eine neue Geschichte des Bauens von der Antike bis zum 21. Jahrhundert Ein handliches Lesebuch in gut verständlicher Sprache Perfekt für Architekt:innen, Studierende und kulturgeschichtlich interessierte Laien.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Wie lässt sich Wegwerfen entwerfen Das Schlagwort Nachhaltigkeit hält heute zwar Einzug in viele Bereiche unseres Alltags. Gestalterinnen und Gestalter erschaffen komplette Szenarien des «guten Lebens» anhand neuer Artefakte oder Dienstleistungen. Doch einem solchen Entwurf als Anfang steht immer ein Ende gegenüber: in Form von Müll. Diese Arbeit erörtert erstmals das Wegwerfen in einem systematischen Zusammenhang mit dem Entwerfen. Ihre These: Müll, verstanden als universeller Begriff für die unerwünschten Reste einer gezielten Aktivität innerhalb von Produktion und Verbrauch, stellt einen zentralen Indikator und Vermittler für die ökologischen und sozialen Konsequenzen von Gestaltung dar. Die Bedeutung dieser These für Designtheorie und -didaktik wird hier exemplarisch entfaltet.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Deals comprehensively with film music from a film scholar's perspectiveSpringer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 260 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Examines not simply the process of legalization (or not) of same-sex marriage, but also the institutionalization of same-sex marriage (or same-sex marriage bans) in national politics and societyProvides a transnational perspective across all major world regions where the issue has been debated, with each chapter providing a comparative analysis of two to four countriesConsiders the tensions between global factors and national/regional factors in determining outcomes and discursive framingsSpringer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 264 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which includes Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia, is a new but substantial regional organization. Significant achievements include a common external customs tariff, a customs union and a common labour market: a well-developed institutional environment has emerged to support and advance these processes, ranging from the Eurasian Economic Commission and the EAEU Court to the Eurasian Development Bank and the Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and Development. This major integration achievement also has several drawbacks and ¿stumbling stones¿¿some due to Russiäs dominant position, some due to the authoritarian nature of political regimes, and some due to dependence on oil and gas exports.This book presents a detailed qualitative and quantitative assessment of the Eurasian Economic Union, including the history of Eurasian integration, the macroeconomy of EAEU member states, an assessment of trade and investment links, a descriptive analysis of the EAEU Treaty, an analysis of Eurasian institutions, the sociology of integration, the EAEU¿s emerging foreign economic policy, relations with the EU and China, the EAEU¿s position on One Belt One Road policies, and its mid-term policy agenda. This primer text will be of interest and value for students, academics and practitioners working in economic policy and business communities and interested in the history and development of the Eurasian Economic Union.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 236 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book represents the first comprehensive, gold standard reader on research integrity in the biomedical sciences. Now more than ever, the responsible conduct of research (RCR) has become critically important as new technologies affect research practices in both positive and negative ways. Since learning to do science and practicing it brings researchers into contact with a vast array of ethical issues, it is critical to know the standards and how they are evolving. Indeed, research integrity requires scientists at all levels to operate ethically in a system that supports ethical practice. This unique, foundational text covers all the relevant areas -- subject protection, research misconduct and conflict of interest as well as newly quantified concerns about research bias and non-reproducibility, as well as other unique issues. Developed by renowned experts, this compelling title discusses the full range of practices and policies that should support research that is honestly produced and disseminated. It also specifically incorporates topics noted by the National Institutes of Health as essential and required for training in RCR. Getting to Good - Research Integrity in the Biomedical Sciences is a major contribution to the literature on bioethics and will serve as an invaluable resource for all researchers, students, administrators and professionals interested in research ethics and integrity.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 596 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Informs on 20 years of international researchesSpringer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 248 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Fast moving, to the point, and rooted in first-hand executive experiences, this book is for people of vision and action, and for creating the conditions required for growth, innovation, and increased competitive advantage.Finance Unleashed is based on a series of interactive interviews with a diverse group of global influencers and executives, all of which will challenge readers to think laterally and find inspiration in the new role of finance. Cases and interviewees represent organizations such as UPS and DHL, and the London School of Economics, and approaches such as Lean Six Sigma, innovation, customer-centricity, the financial supply chain, and behavioral procurement. The authors¿ goal is to serve as a catalyst for leaders who are positioned to make meaningful changes today.The book includes a practical model to help executive teams redesign and refocus finance to drive business leadership - with an emphasis on the CFO. The model has three primary components: 1) Customer-Centricity - Listen and Map; 2) Process - Structure and Technology; and 3) Innovation - Create and Measure. These are presented as phases that each executive team will need to consider based on the goals and maturity level of their organization.For the CFO and ambitious finance executives, Finance Unleashed presents a path forward towards success and career advancement. For the CEO and the board, it presents an expanded vision for what financial organizations are capable of.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 204 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book examines the practice of international election observation in a Caribbean context. It presents a survey of the Commonwealth Caribbean perspective and a concise case study of Guyana between 1964 and 2015. This research traces the roots of election observation and how this practice became integrated into the landscape of Caribbean electoral politics. More specifically, the study examines the process by which election observers have become key actors in elections in the Commonwealth Caribbean. One of the issues the book contemplates is why Caribbean countries accept the imposition of observation within the context of sovereignty. The case of Guyana and other Anglophone Caribbean states shows the costs of not having observers have been multidimensional and have eclipsed concerns of respecting state sovereignty.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 236 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book deals with the introduction of a new type of ¿spatial measures' in flood governance. In contrast to traditional ¿safety measures' that aim to provide protection against floods by building structural flood defenses such as levees and flood walls, the goal of spatial measures is to reduce the exposure to flood risks by changing the spatial layout of flood-prone areas. By limiting developments and flood-proofing buildings in areas at risk to flooding, investments in structural flood defenses can be circumvented and vulnerabilities reduce. World-wide, spatial measures are gaining attractiveness as a response strategy to increasing flood risks caused by climate change and urbanization.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 132 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Nominated as an outstanding PhD thesis by the University of Oxford, UKSpringer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This volume provides bridges from the social sciences to business ethics and from the latter to the quality of life, by connecting the research themes of quality of life, social sciences, including public policy-making, and business ethics or corporate responsibility. It builds on the premise that public policy making is essentially a species of good decision making, as explained in the first volume. It shows that, because most developed countries function as market economies whose governments depend on taxation to pay for their services and because a large proportion of government revenue comes from well-regulated, responsible corporations, the quality of people's lives is highly dependent upon good public policies, taxation and business ethics. The volume presents and examines ethical/moral problems arising in market economies since the first century BCE, including the first appearance of the business case for business ethics, fourteen arguments concerning the neglect of business ethics, business ethics issues for the 1990s and beyond, the loyal agent's argument, advertising, the importance of trust, public opinion polling, public program evaluation, and a critique of the relatively new monster of super-capitalism. In addition, it deals with connections among the concepts of efficiency, morality, and rationality related to decision making in general and public policy making in particular. Finally, it explains relationships between outcomes measurement and performance indicators in general and performance-based management in public administration, the taxation of net wealth and financial transactions.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 420 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book provides recent results of game theory for networking applications. The contributors address the major opportunities and challenges in applying traditional game theory as well as intelligent game theory to the understanding and designing of modern network systems, with emphasis on both new analytical techniques and novel application scenarios. After an overview of game theory for networks, the book narrows in on game theory in communications, game theory in wireless networks, and game theory applications. The book features contributions from researchers and professionals around the world.Presents a variety of perspectives on game theory for networking applications;Shows how game theory can apply to the study of data traffic, new generation networks, and smartgrid;Includes recent results of applied game theory for networks, providing some technical progresses in GAMENETS.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 244 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book explores technological innovation in family firms, seeking to reconstruct the links between the heterogeneous dimensions of family businesses and their innovative behaviour. Building on and examining the traditional view of family firms as conservative, this book contributes to knowledge surrounding the puzzling role of family firms in technological innovation, with particular focus on the Italian pharmaceutical industry. The authors explore technological advances within the industry in connection with various features of family governance. This thought-provoking study is divided into two parts, the first part providing an overview of current literature on the topic, and the second part analysing the findings of empirical investigation in a specific industry setting. Practitioners and academics of business strategy will find this book extremely useful as it combines both solid theoretical reasoning and robust empirical analysis.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 176 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Covers family caregiving over the course of the lifecycleSpringer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Concise yet thorough overview provides self-contained introduction to theoryCovers a broad range of state-of-the-art applications in many disciplines, including medical imaging and radar processingAbundant problems, exercises, and projects reinforce integration oftheory with applicationsUsefulfor bothundergraduates and graduates in mathematicsandengineering-related sciencesAdaptable to one and two semester courses and independent studySpringer Nature c/o IBS, Benzstrasse 21, 48619 Heek 320 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This must-read text/reference introduces the fundamental concepts of convolutional neural networks (ConvNets), offering practical guidance on using libraries to implement ConvNets in applications of traffic sign detection and classification. The work presents techniques for optimizing the computational efficiency of ConvNets, as well as visualization techniques to better understand the underlying processes. The proposed models are also thoroughly evaluated from different perspectives, using exploratory and quantitative analysis.Topics and features: explains the fundamental concepts behind training linear classifiers and feature learning; discusses the wide range of loss functions for training binary and multi-class classifiers; illustrates how to derive ConvNets from fully connected neural networks, and reviews different techniques for evaluating neural networks; presents a practical library for implementing ConvNets, explaining how to use a Python interface for the library to create and assess neural networks; describes two real-world examples of the detection and classification of traffic signs using deep learning methods; examines a range of varied techniques for visualizing neural networks, using a Python interface; provides self-study exercises at the end of each chapter, in addition to a helpful glossary, with relevant Python scripts supplied at an associated website.This self-contained guide will benefit those who seek to both understand the theory behind deep learning, and to gain hands-on experience in implementing ConvNets in practice. As no prior background knowledge in the field is required to follow the material, the book is ideal for all students of computer vision and machine learning, and will also be of great interest to practitioners working on autonomous cars and advanced driver assistance systems.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 308 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book provides a comprehensive method for learning modern management processes, and applying those methods to improve leadership in educational settings. The authors include case studies and techniques to solve a variety of managerial problems so that members of the educational community may improve their abilities and skills in a range of related disciples, including:strategic planning, effective decision making, time management, management conflict strategies, oral communication, management strategies for school crises, and the development of good relations and a cooperative spirit.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 240 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Presents a previously-unpublished primary source on the Spanish-American WarSpringer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Shows how transgression of objectivity helps to understand how scientific progress is at a crossroadsSpringer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 256 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This monograph proposes a new way of implementing interaction in logic. It also provides an elementary introduction to Constructive Type Theory (CTT). The authors equally emphasize basic ideas and finer technical details. In addition, many worked out exercises and examples will help readers to better understand the concepts under discussion.One of the chief ideas animating this study is that the dialogical understanding of definitional equality and its execution provide both a simple and a direct way of implementing the CTT approach within a game-theoretical conception of meaning. In addition, the importance of the play level over the strategy level is stressed, binding together the matter of execution with that of equality and the finitary perspective on games constituting meaning.According to this perspective the emergence of concepts are not only games of giving and asking for reasons (games involving Why-questions), they are also games that include moves establishing how it is that the reasons brought forward accomplish their explicative task. Thus, immanent reasoning games are dialogical games of Why and How.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -As digital collections continue to grow, the underlying technologies to serve up content also continue to expand and develop. As such, new challenges are presented which continue to test ethical ideologies in everyday environs of the practitioner. There are currently no solid guidelines or overarching codes of ethics to address such issues. The digitization of modern archival collections, in particular, presents interesting conundrums when factors of privacy are weighed and reviewed in both small and mass digitization initiatives. Ethical decision making needs to be present at the onset of project planning in digital projects of all sizes, and we also need to identify the role and responsibility of the practitioner to make more virtuous decisions on behalf of those with no voice or awareness of potential privacy breaches.In this book, notions of what constitutes private information are discussed, as is the potential presence of such information in both analog and digital collections. This book lays groundwork to introduce the topic of privacy within digital collections by providing some examples from documented real-world scenarios and making recommendations for future research.A discussion of the notion privacy as concept will be included, as well as some historical perspective (with perhaps one the most cited work on this topic, for example, Warren and Brandeis' 'Right to Privacy,' 1890). Concepts from the The Right to Be Forgotten case in 2014 (Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v Agencia Españla de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González) are discussed as to how some lessons may be drawn from the response in Europe and also how European data privacy laws have been applied. The European ideologies are contrasted with the Right to Free Speech in the First Amendment in the U.S., highlighting the complexities in setting guidelines and practices revolving around privacy issues when applied to real life scenarios. Two ethical theories are explored: Consequentialism and Deontological. Finally, ethical decision making models will also be applied to our framework of digital collections. Three case studies are presented to illustrate how privacy can be defined within digital collections in some real-world examples.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book highlights the importance of security in the design, development and deployment of systems based on Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), together referred to as SDNFV. Presenting a comprehensive guide to the application of security mechanisms in the context of SDNFV, the content spans fundamental theory, practical solutions, and potential applications in future networks.Topics and features: introduces the key security challenges of SDN, NFV and Cloud Computing, providing a detailed tutorial on NFV security; discusses the issue of trust in SDN/NFV environments, covering roots of trust services, and proposing a technique to evaluate trust by exploiting remote attestation; reviews a range of specific SDNFV security solutions, including a DDoS detection and remediation framework, and a security policy transition framework for SDN; describes the implementation of a virtual home gateway, and a project that combines dynamic security monitoring with big-data analytics to detect network-wide threats; examines the security implications of SDNFV in evolving and future networks, from network-based threats to Industry 4.0 machines, to the security requirements for 5G; investigates security in the Observe, Orient, Decide and Act (OODA) paradigm, and proposes a monitoring solution for a Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture; includes review questions in each chapter, to test the reader¿s understanding of each of the key concepts described.This informative and practical volume is an essential resource for researchers interested in the potential of SDNFV systems to address a broad range of network security challenges. The work will also be of great benefit to practitioners wishing to design secure next-generation communication networks, or to develop new security-related mechanisms for SDNFV systems.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 356 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book examines the life-cycle of Victorian working-class marriage through a study of the hitherto hidden marital bed. Using coroners¿ inquests to gain intimate access to the working-class home and its inhabitants, this book explores their marital, quasi-marital, and post-marital beds to reveal the material, domestic, and emotional experience of working-class marriage during everyday life and at times of crisis. Drawing on the recent approach of utilising domestic objects to explore interpersonal relationships, the marital bed not only provides a rereading of the experiences of the working-class wife but also brings the much maligned or simply overlooked working-class husband into the picture. Moreover, it also extends our understanding of the various marriage-like arrangements existing throughout this class. Moving through the marital life-cycle, this book provides a greater understanding of marriages from the outset, during childbirth, at times of strife and marital breakdown, and upon the death of a spouse.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 140 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -First book to offera comprehensive account of Polish discipline of International RelationsPresents a history of the political thought about international relations since early modern times, introduces major authors and their conceptsDiscusses development of academic discipline in the inter-war period, under communism, and after 1989Provides a detailed quantitative and qualitative assessment of the current state of International Relations in Poland using a framework allowing for cross-country comparisonSpringer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Demonstrates how individuals use hope as a resource for coping with concerns about the long term future within the context of their everyday livesConsiders how the future has been conceptualised in sociological workUsesinterview-based data from 28 young adults, an underrepresented demographic,in studies of future oriented behavioursSpringer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 152 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The 2003 edition was the first book to consider fun in the context of HCI and has been influential in broadening the field, it is the most downloaded book in the Springer HCI SeriesThis edition adds 14 new chapters that go well beyond the topics considered in 2003New chapter topics include: online dating, interactive rides, wellbeing, somaesthetics, design fiction, critical design and participatory design methods.The 2003 chapters are also reprinted, with new author's notes setting the context in which the chapter was written and explaining the developments since thenSpringer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 580 pp. Englisch.