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SCHRODINGER, Erwin. "Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem" four papers (Erste-Vierte Mitteilung) in three volumes of the Annalen der Physik, volume 79, 80, and 81, 1926. Three volumes, newly and uniformly rebound in cloth, and housed in a custom solander case. The volumes are very slightly ex-library with a few stamps on the title pages the text for each is very clean and fresh. [++] The Annalen volumes include: Vol 79 (vi,760pp); Vol 80 (viii,828pp); and Vol 81 (viii, 1172pp). The four Schrodinger papers introducing wave mechanics and deriving the hydrogen spectrum appear on the following volumes/pages: (1) Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem Erste Mitteilung (Annalen der Physik 79 pp. 361 376, 1926) presented a derivation of the time-independent Schrödinger equation eand applied it to the hydrogen atom. (2) Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem Zweite Mitteilung (Annalen der Physik 79 pp. 489 527, 1926). (3) Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem Dritte Mitteilung (Annalen der Physik 80 pp. 437 490, 1926). (4) Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem Vierte Mitteilung (Annalen der Physik 81 pp. 109 139, 1926) presented the time-dependent Schrodinger equation applicable to scattering problems, introducing complex numbers into quantum mechanics for the first time. [++] These are the first appearances of the four papers by Schrodinger (1887 1961, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1933, shared with PAM Dirac, for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory ), developing wave mechanics, a mathematical technique that describes the relationship between the motion of a particle that exhibits wavelike properties (such as an electron) and its allowed energies. [++] "In Niels Bohr s theory of the atom, electrons absorb and emit radiation of fixed wavelengths when jumping between fixed orbits around a nucleus. The theory provided a good description of the spectrum created by the hydrogen atom, but needed to be developed to suit more complicated atoms and molecules. Assuming that matter (e.g., electrons) could be regarded as both particles and waves, in 1926 Erwin Schrödinger formulated a wave equation that accurately calculated the energy levels of electrons in atoms."--Nobel Foundation. [++] "It must be emphasized, therefore, that Schrödinger worked out the relativistic version only at the end of 1925 and not, as historians of science had believed, in the middle of that year. The equation now known as the Klein-Gordon equation does yield the correct nonrelativistic Balmer term, but it gives an incorrect description of the fine structure. Schrödinger was deeply disappointed by this failure and must have thought at first that his whole method was basically wrong. Today it is known that the reason for the failure lay not in this bold initial approach but in application of the theory of relativity, which, however, has itself been abundantly confirmed. The relativistic Schrödinger equation is obviously correct, but it describes particles without spin, whereas a description of electrons requires the Dirac equation. At the time, however, only the first steps had been taken toward an understanding of electron spin. After a brief interruption Schrödinger took up his method again, but this time he treated the electron nonrelativistially. It soon became apparent that he had arrived at a theory that correctly represented the behavior of the electron to a very good approximation. The result was the emergence of wave mechanics in January 1926.Schrödinger published the results of his research in a series of four papers in the Annalen der Physik bearing the overall title Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. The first installment, sent on 26 January and received by Wien the next day, contains the first appearance in the literature of his famous wave equation. written out for the hydrogen atom. The solution of this equation follows, as Schrödinger put it."--Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography online (Schrodinger).
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