synthesis two terminal switching circuits de shannon claude (4 resultados)

Wraps. Condición: Very Good. First Separate Edition. First Separate Edition. 1-40 pages. 10 7/8 x 8 3/8 inches (275 x 213 mm) Original wrappers, printed in grey, light blue, and black. Stapled with five holes punched at the spine as issued. Creased lower right corner, staining to the rear cover (offsetting from another Bell Monograph apparently). Thre of the five holes are worn (no doubt from storage in a three ring binder). Wraps. The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol 28, pp 59-98, January 1949 first published this article. We are not aware of a Bell System Technical Journal offprint for this article. Unless one exists, this Bell Telephone System Monograph issue #B-1672 constitutes the first separate edition. "The Summer of 1940 was spent [ by Shannon ] at Bell Telephone Laboratories doing further research on switching circuits. A new method of design was developed, which greatly reduced the number of contacts needed to synthesize complex switching functions from earlier realizations. This was later published in a paper [ as here ]" Sloane/Wyner p xii. "The theory of switching circuits may be divided into two major divisions, analysis and synthesis. The problem of analysis, determining the manner of operation of a given switching circuit, is comparatively simple. The inverse problem of finding a circuit satisfying certain given operating conditions, and in particular the _best_ circuit, is, in general, more difficult and more important from a practical standpoint. A basic part of the general synthesis problem is the design of a two-terminal network with given operating characteristics, and we shall consider some aspects of this problem." (page 1) Shannon goes on to describe Boolean Algebra and how it might be interpreted in terms of switching circuits (referencing his own 1938 thesis in the footnotes, among other papers). PROVENANCE: None. REFERENCES: Sloane and Wyner, "Claude Elwood Shannon Collected Papers," #50 COLLECTORS NOTE: The Bell Telephone System Monograph series offered a way to obtain individual articles by Bell scientists regardless of where their work was first published. Many Monographs significantly postdate the original article publication. Because of this, they rarely constitute the coveted (and traditional) article offprint. If the journal of record issued no offprint, the Monograph might be the first separate publication - the closest the collector can come to a traditional offprint. We have done our best to place each Monograph properly in the article's publishing history and welcome any corrections or additional information, especially regarding issues unknown to us.

Wraps. Condición: Very Good. First Separate Edition. First Separate Edition. 1-40 pages. 10 7/8 x 8 3/8 inches (275 x 213 mm) Original wrappers, printed in grey, light blue, and black. Stapled with five holes punched at the spine as issued. Minor creasing and soiling to the covers, some minor spotting internally. Wraps. The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol 28, pp 59-98, January 1949 first published this article. We are not aware of a Bell System Technical Journal offprint for this article. Unless one exists, this Bell Telephone System Monograph issue #B-1672 constitutes the first separate edition. "The Summer of 1940 was spent [ by Shannon ] at Bell Telephone Laboratories doing further research on switching circuits. A new method of design was developed, which greatly reduced the number of contacts needed to synthesize complex switching functions from earlier realizations. This was later published in a paper [ as here ]" Sloane/Wyner p xii. "The theory of switching circuits may be divided into two major divisions, analysis and synthesis. The problem of analysis, determining the manner of operation of a given switching circuit, is comparatively simple. The inverse problem of finding a circuit satisfying certain given operating conditions, and in particular the _best_ circuit, is, in general, more difficult and more important from a practical standpoint. A basic part of the general synthesis problem is the design of a two-terminal network with given operating characteristics, and we shall consider some aspects of this problem." (page 1) Shannon goes on to describe Boolean Algebra and how it might be interpreted in terms of switching circuits (referencing his own 1938 thesis in the footnotes, among other papers). PROVENANCE: The personal files of Claude E. Shannon (unmarked). There were seven copies of this item in Shannon's files. REFERENCES: Sloane and Wyner, "Claude Elwood Shannon Collected Papers," #50 COLLECTORS NOTE: The Bell Telephone System Monograph series offered a way to obtain individual articles by Bell scientists regardless of where their work was first published. Many Monographs significantly postdate the original article publication. Because of this, they rarely constitute the coveted (and traditional) article offprint. If the journal of record issued no offprint, the Monograph might be the first separate publication - the closest the collector can come to a traditional offprint. We have done our best to place each Monograph properly in the article's publishing history and welcome any corrections or additional information, especially regarding issues unknown to us.

New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1949. 8vo. Volume XXVIII, 1949, No. 1 of "The Bell System Technical Journal". In the original printed blue wrappers. Wear and tears to spine. Inner front hinge loosening. Previous owner's name to front wrapper. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 59-98 [Entire issue: 163 pp]. First publication of Shannon's paper on how a Boolean function can be represented by the sum of two sub-functions of the original. The function was later named Shannon's Expansion or the Shannon Decomposition. "The area of switching circuits design and optimization was a focus of considerable attention. Boolean algebra provided the basic mathematical foundation for switching circuit design. Shannon provided a basis for the The Synthesis of Two-Terminal Switching Circuits in 1949". (Ashar, Sequential logic synthesis, 1992, p. 1).Claude Shannon is widely regarded as being the father of information theory and cryptography. Other papers contained in the present issue:1. Albersheim, W.J.Propagation of TE01 Waves in Curved Wave Guides. Pp. 1-32.2. Pierce, J.R." Hebenstreit, W.B. A New Type of High-Frequency Amplifier. Pp. 33-51.3. Hollenberg, A.V.Experimental Observation of Amplification by Interaction Between Two Electron Streams. Pp. 52-58.4. Robertson, Sloan D. A Method of Measuring Phase at Microwave Frequencies. Pp. 99-103.5. Rice, S.O.Reflection from Corners in Rectangular Wave Guides - Conformal Transformation. Pp. 104-135.6. Rice, S.O.A Set of Second-Order Differential Equations Accociated with Reflections in Rectangular Wave Guides - Application to Guide Connected to Horn. Pp. 136-156.

1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF CLAUDE SHANNON'S FOLLOW UP TO HIS SEMINAL MASTER'S THESIS "frequently called the most important master's thesis of the twentieth century with respect to the influence it had on the development of the electronic and computer industries.[and] probably the most significant theoretical step toward the construction of electronic digital computers made prior to World War II" (Origins of Cyberspace 363). In the paper offered, Shannon continued his work using Boolean algebra to synthesize and simplify relay switching circuits, and further, demonstrating that "symmetric Boolean functions may be realized with considerably fewer components than most functions" (Introduction to Logic Design, 181). Known as the Shannon theorem on symmetric functions "Shannon proposes methods for synthesizing switching circuits according to their function to achieve the minimum number of switches for a given task. The theorems and methods he introduced have found modern applications in the design of computer logic circuits and chips" (Nelson, Journal of Symbolic Logic, Vol. 20, p. 69). "In his thesis, Shannon recognized that the true/false values in Boole's two-valued logic were analogous to the open and closed states of electrical circuits. From this it followed that Boolean algebra could be used to describe or to design electrical circuits. Because Boolean algebra, invented by George Boole.makes it possible to devise a procedure or build a device, the state of which can store specific information, once Shannon showed that electrical circuitry can perform logical and mathematical operations, and can also store the result of these operations, the inference could be drawn that it was possible to design calculating machines using electrical switches. "When Shannon wrote his thesis he was thinking of electro-mechanical relays used as switches in telephone technology rather than vacuum tubes that would be used in electronic computers because of their higher speed. But of course the same principles applied to both technologies" (ibid). In this paper, Shannon extends the ideas and methods presented in his thesis. One of his goals in applying Boolean Algebra to the study of circuits was to use algebraic techniques to simplify complicated systems. Shannon believed that the more a synthesis problem can be decomposed into a combination of simple problems, the simpler the final circuits. In this paper, Shannon does just that: "By means of Boolean Algebra it is possible to find many circuits equivalent in operating characteristics to a given circuit. The hindrance of the given circuit is written down and manipulated according to the rules. Each different resulting expression represents a new circuit equivalent to the given one. In particular, expressions may be manipulated to eliminate elements which are unnecessary, resulting in simple circuits" (Shannon, 1949). Writing further: "The most satisfactory approach to developing a block diagram is to start with a few main subdivisions of the over-all circuit and successively break these down until each block represents a unifunctional circuit.In a surprisingly large number of cases in the planning, familiar functional circuits are found to applicable. When a new circuit concept is encountered, the designer can usually recognize whether an appropriate circuit can readily be designed. If this is so, the circuit can be designated on the diagram and the design deferred until later.the attempt should be made to obtain the simplest and most efficient arrangement among the various blocks.the designer should from the start make a conscious effort to familiarize himself with different types of basic circuits already in use and to classify them in terms of function" (ibid). CONDITION: NY, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1949. Complete issue: The Bell System Technical Journal. Original printed blue wrappers. Slight fading at spine; one spot on the front wrap (see photo); otherwise fine.