springer springer mai 1992 (283 resultados)

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -We dedicate this book to the memory of J. Frank Adams. His clear insights have inspired many mathematicians, including both of us. In January 1989, when the first draft of our book had been completed, we heard the sad news of his untimely death. This has cast a shadow on our subsequent work. Our views of topos theory, as presented here, have been shaped by continued study, by conferences, and by many personal contacts with friends and colleagues-including especially O. Bruno, P. Freyd, J.M.E. Hyland, P.T. Johnstone, A. Joyal, A. Kock, F.W. Lawvere, G.E. Reyes, R Solovay, R Swan, RW. Thomason, M. Tierney, and G.C. Wraith. Our presentation combines ideas and results from these people and from many others, but we have not endeavored to specify the various original sources. Moreover, a number of people have assisted in our work by pro viding helpful comments on portions of the manuscript. In this respect, we extend our hearty thanks in particular to P. Corazza, K. Edwards, J. Greenlees, G. Janelidze, G. Lewis, and S. Schanuel.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Methodological knowledge acquisition and knowledgeengineering have achievedincreasing attention in recentyears due both to active research projects and to successfulpractical applications. Both aspects have over the yearsbeen reflected in the structure of the European KnowledgeAcquisition Workshops (EKAW), where a users' forum hasalways been combined with a scientific workshop.This volume contains the proceedings of EKAW-92. The papersare organized into five thematic sectionson: Technology transfer General modelling approaches Knowledgeformalization and automated methods Elicitation and diagnosis of human knowledge Practice and experiences of knowledge acquisition.A total of 65 persons from around the world served as theprogram committee. Their recommendations and sometimes verydetailed comments helped both workshop organizers andindividual authors to achieve the high quality reflected inthis volume.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 464 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -We dedicate this book to the memory of J. Frank Adams. His clear insights have inspired many mathematicians, including both of us. In January 1989, when the first draft of our book had been completed, we heard the sad news of his untimely death. This has cast a shadow on our subsequent work. Our views of topos theory, as presented here, have been shaped by continued study, by conferences, and by many personal contacts with friends and colleagues-including especially O. Bruno, P. Freyd, J.M.E. Hyland, P.T. Johnstone, A. Joyal, A. Kock, F.W. Lawvere, G.E. Reyes, R Solovay, R Swan, RW. Thomason, M. Tierney, and G.C. Wraith. Our presentation combines ideas and results from these people and from many others, but we have not endeavored to specify the various original sources. Moreover, a number of people have assisted in our work by pro viding helpful comments on portions of the manuscript. In this respect, we extend our hearty thanks in particular to P. Corazza, K. Edwards, J. Greenlees, G. Janelidze, G. Lewis, and S. Schanuel.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 648 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - This classic text, now in its third edition, has been widely used as an introduction to probability. Its main aim is to present a straightforward introduction to the main concepts and applications of probability at an undergraduate level. Historically, the early analysts of games of chance found the question 'What is the fair price for entering this game ' as natural a question as 'What is the probability of winning it '. This book differs from many textbooks in that the author takes as the starting point for the subject's development expectation rather than the traditional probability measure approach. All the main concepts of a first course in probability are covered including probability measures, independence, conditional probability, the basic limit theorems, and Markov processes. Throughout, the author stresses the importance of applications and includes numerous examples covering a range of difficulties. Little is required in the way of prerequisites - a basic exposure to calculus and matrix algebra will be sufficient for any student to enjoy this first course in probability.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -In the last three decades. use of antibiotics/drugs in animal husbandry programs has grown tremendously. Antibiotics/drugs are used therapeutically to cure diseases. and subtherapeutically to control the outbreak of diseases, improve feed efficiency and promote growth. The presence of antibiotic/drug residues in food products of animal origin. i.e ¿¿ meat, poultry and milk, can be a potential health hazard to consumers. Significant research is being done to develop new methods or to improve on existing methods to confirm and quantitatively determine the antibiotic/drug residues in meat, poultry and milk. This book covers recent development and application of various analytical techniques for the determination of antibiotic/drug residues in food products of animal origin. I thank the authors for their time and efforts in preparing the manuscripts and 'all the reviewers for reviewing the manuscripts. I also thank to the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry of the American Chemical Society for sponsoring the symposium and Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Perkin Elmer Corp., Norwalk, CT, Millipore Corporation, Milford, MA, and Kraft General Foods, Glenview, IL, for their generous financial support for the symposium. Vipin K. Agarwal New Haven, CT v CONTENTS Importance of Laboratory Validations and Accurate Descriptions of Analytical Procedures for Drug Residues in Foods . .Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 276 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - We dedicate this book to the memory of J. Frank Adams. His clear insights have inspired many mathematicians, including both of us. In January 1989, when the first draft of our book had been completed, we heard the sad news of his untimely death. This has cast a shadow on our subsequent work. Our views of topos theory, as presented here, have been shaped by continued study, by conferences, and by many personal contacts with friends and colleagues-including especially O. Bruno, P. Freyd, J.M.E. Hyland, P.T. Johnstone, A. Joyal, A. Kock, F.W. Lawvere, G.E. Reyes, R Solovay, R Swan, RW. Thomason, M. Tierney, and G.C. Wraith. Our presentation combines ideas and results from these people and from many others, but we have not endeavored to specify the various original sources. Moreover, a number of people have assisted in our work by pro viding helpful comments on portions of the manuscript. In this respect, we extend our hearty thanks in particular to P. Corazza, K. Edwards, J. Greenlees, G. Janelidze, G. Lewis, and S. Schanuel.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Reliability-based design (RBD) procedures for engineered structures are being developed and quickly gaining acceptance by cade agencies throughout the world. Numerous organizations are involved in the development of national or regional cades without the benefit of interchange of ideas and methodologies. Harmonization and coordination of these activities is absolutely essential if the ever-increasing international commerce is to flourish. This NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was organized to bring together, for the first time, experts on RBD and related subjects from various countries to assess the current knowledge and recommend new developments. Further, due to their unique nature and great economic significance in most parts of the world, special emphasis was placed on engineered wood structures. For example, in North America more wood products are used in construction than ali other materials (steel, concrete, brick, etc.) combined. However, the wood industry segment, historically, receives less attention and smaller financial support for new developments than other construction materials. RBD developments are being conducted in Similar, but largely independent, Europe, North America, New Zealand and Australia. Experts from these regions were brought together to exchange information on current work, propose new developments and to provide means of international coordination. Thus, this ARW provided an opportunity to advance the cause of RBD of engineered wood structures.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 214 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -The subject of this book is the control of software engineering. The rapidly increasing demand for software is accompanied by a growth in the number of products on the market, as well as their size and complexity. Our ability to control software engineering is hardly keeping pace with this growth. As a result, software projects are often late, software products sometimes lack the required quality and the productivity improvements achieved by software engineering are insufficient to keep up with the demand This book describes ways to improve software engineering control. It argues that this should be expanded to include control of the development, maintenance and reuse of software, thus making it possible to apply many of the ideas and concepts that originate in production control and quality control. The book is based on research and experience accumulated over a number of years. During this period I had two employers: Eindhoven University of Technology and Philips Electronics. Research is not a one-man activity and I would like to thank the following persons for their contributions to the successful completion of this project. First and foremost my Ph. D. advisers Theo Bemelmans, Hans van Vliet and Fred Heemstra whose insights and experience proved invaluable at every stage. Many thanks are also due to Rob Kusters and Fred Heemstra for their patience in listening to my sometimes wild ideas and for being such excellent colleagues.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 190 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -One service mathematics has rendered the 'Et moi, . , si j'avait Sil comment en revenir, je n'y serais point aIle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense'. able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences_ Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics . .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science . :; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics . .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 420 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Australia and New Zealand boast an active community of scholars working in the field of history, philosophy and social studies of science. ¿ Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for their work. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area . In each volume, a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand. O;mtributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out, however, and are indeed actively encouraged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question. Earlier volumes in the series have been welcomed for significantly advancing the discussion of the topics they have dealt with. The present volume will I believe be greeted equally enthusiastically by readers in many parts of the world. R. W. Home General Editor Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science TABLE OF CONTENTS v FOREWORD PAUL GRIFFITHS / Introduction 1 SECTION ONE: BEYOND NATURAL SELECTION ELLIOTI SOBER / Models of Cultural Evolution 17 KIM STERELNY / Punctuated Equilibrium and Macroevolution 41 ROBIN CRAW / Margins of Cladistics: Identity, Difference and Place in the Emergence of Phylogenetic Systematics 1864-1975 65 SECTION TWO: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY PAUL GRIFFITHS / Adaptive Explanation and the Concept of a Vestige 111 TIMOTHY SHANAHAN / Selection, Drift and the Aims of Evolutionary Theory 133 SECTION THREE: THE DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEMS APPROACHSpringer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 292 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - 1: Molecular Biology.- Structure and Function of the Human Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase.- Cloning of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase cDNA from Lower Eukaryotes.- Molecular Biology of Human Nuclear NAD+: ADP-Ribosyl-transferase (Polymerizing).- Strategies for Studying the Functions of PADPRP Genes on Human Chromosomes 1 and 13.- Expression of the DNA-Binding Domain of Human Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase as a Trans-Dominant Inhibitor of Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation in Transfected Eucaryotic Cell Lines.- Directed Mutagenesis of Glutamic Acid 988 of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase.- Chicken Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase. Complete Protein Sequence Deduced from cDNA, Comparison with Mammalian Enzyme Sequences.- Nuclear Poly(ADPR) Polymerase Expression and Activity in Rat Astrocytes Culture: Effects of bFGF.- Molecular Cloning of the Rat Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Gene and Preliminary Characterization of its Promoter and 5'-Flanking Regions.- Structure and Organization of the Mouse pADPRT Gene.- Strategies for Expressing Analogs of PADPRP in Eukaryotic Cells.- Expression and Characterization of PADPRP and a Novel Glucocorticoid-PADPRP 'Finger Swapped' Protein from Escherichia coil.- Tumor Promoters, But Not EGF, Increase Nuclear Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Gene Expression in Rat Hepatocytes Initiated in Utero with DMN and Cultured After Birth in Low-Calcium Synthetic Medium.- Expression of the Gene for Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase and DNA Polymerase ß in Rat Tissues and in Proliferating Cells.- Expression of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Differentiating HL-60 Cells.- 2: Cancer, DNA Repair, and Metabolism.- A Novel Model of Enzymatic Repair of U.V.-Induced DNA Damage in Human Cells.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Xenopus Laevis.- ADP-Ribosylation is Involved in the Integration of Exogenous DNA into the Mammalian Cell Genome, but is not Required for the Episomal Replication or Expression of Autonomously Replicating Plasmids.- Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Block the Infection of Mammalian Cells by Retroviral Vectors.- Detection and Analysis of NAD Binding Proteins Including Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Immobilized on the Membrane.- An In Vitro Replication System for Autonomously Replicating Mammalian Origin-Enriched Sequences.- Variation in Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activity and 2', 5'-Oligoadenylates Core Concentration in Estrogen-Stimulated Uterus and Liver of Immature and Adult Rats.- Possible Involvement of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Brain Function.- Inhibition of Interferon- -Dependent Induction of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen by Expressing Exogenous Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase Gene.- ADP-Ribose Polymers Bind Specifically and Non-covalently to Histones.- Poly(3'-deoxy ADP-ribosyl)ation of Proteins in Liver Chromatin Isolated from Rats Fed with Hepatocarcinogens.- ADP-Ribose Polymer Metabolism: Implications for Human Nutrition.- Some Aspects of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic ADP-ribosylation. Biological and Pharmacological Perspectives.- DNA Base Excision Repair Stimulates Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthesis.- Studies on Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation in DNA Amplification and Mammalian Longevity.- DNA Topoisomerase I and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in the Early Stages of Hepatocarcinogenesis.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors Induce Murine Melanoma Cell Differentiation by a Mechanism Independent of Alterations in cAMP Levels and Protein Kinase A Activity.- Enhancement of Antimetabolite Cytoatoxicity by 3-Aminobenzamide in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells is Independent of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition.- Evidence for the Participation of Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation in Collagenase Gene Expression in Rabbit Synovial Fibroblasts after Treatment with Active Oxygen Released by Xantbin/Xanthinoxidase.- Enhancement of Oncogene-Mediated Transformation in Cloned Rat Embryo Fibroblast (CREF) Cells by 3-Anilnobenzamide.- Control of Procollagen Gene Transcription and Prolyl Hydroxylase Activity by Poly(ADP-Ribose).- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synt.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Generalized functions are now widely recognized as important mathematical tools for engineers and physicists. But they are considered to be inaccessible for non-specialists. To remedy this situation, this book gives an intelligible exposition of generalized functions based on Sato's hyperfunction, which is essentially the `boundary value of analytic functions'. An intuitive image -- hyperfunction = vortex layer -- is adopted, and only an elementary knowledge of complex function theory is assumed. The treatment is entirely self-contained.The first part of the book gives a detailed account of fundamental operations such as the four arithmetical operations applicable to hyperfunctions, namely differentiation, integration, and convolution, as well as Fourier transform. Fourier series are seen to be nothing but periodic hyperfunctions. In the second part, based on the general theory, the Hilbert transform and Poisson-Schwarz integral formula are treated and their application to integral equations is studied. A great number of formulas obtained in the course of treatment are summarized as tables in the appendix. In particular, those concerning convolution, the Hilbert transform and Fourier transform contain much new material.For mathematicians, mathematical physicists and engineers whose work involves generalized functions. 464 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - This first of two volumes assesses the impact of advances in synchrotron radiation techniques on the study of surface physics. The researcher will find it to be an invaluable reference.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - This book is a comprehensive, encyclopaedic reference covering all aspects of perfumery, past and present. Entries include descriptions of essential oils from plants used in perfumery from ancient times to the present day, showing botanical identity, where they come from, how they are used, their history and folklore, and examples of perfumes in which they are constituents, with similar descriptions of animal ingredients, and the principal chemical and synthetic materials now employed.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - This is a milestone in machine-assisted microprocessor verification. Gordon [20] and Hunt [32] led the way with their verifications of sim ple designs, Cohn [12, 13] followed this with the verification of parts of the VIPER microprocessor. This work illustrates how much these, and other, pioneers achieved in developing tractable models, scalable tools, and a robust methodology. A condensed review of previous re search, emphasising the behavioural model underlying this style of verification is followed by a careful, and remarkably readable, ac count of the SECD architecture, its formalisation, and a report on the organisation and execution of the automated correctness proof in HOL. This monograph reports on Graham's MSc project, demonstrat ing that - in the right hands - the tools and methodology for formal verification can (and therefore should ) now be applied by someone with little previous expertise in formal methods, to verify a non-trivial microprocessor in a limited timescale. This is not to belittle Graham's achievement; the production of this proof, work ing as Graham did from the previous literature, goes well beyond a typical MSc project. The achievement is that, with this exposition to hand, an engineer tackling the verification of similar microprocessor designs will have a clear view of the milestones that must be passed on the way, and of the methods to be applied to achieve them.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - The articles and commentaries included in this volume were presented at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' fifteenth annual economic policy conference. The conference focused on the effects of a variety of recent changes in the market for financial services in the United States. This market has been changing rapidly in recent years: business loans have become more liquid, as the market for loan sales grows. Banks have been permitted to participate in a limited form of interstate banking. Commercial banks have been given permission to offer additional underwriting services. The market for residential mortgage credit has been transformed, through securitization and the declining role of savings and loan associations. Foreign financial firms have taken a rising share of the market financial services. The papers in this volume describe these changes and examine implications for financial institutions and their customers.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware - Foreword. Preface. Self-Assembly in Chemical Systems. Hydrogen Bonding in Supramolecular Functions. New Shapes for Selective Molecular Recognition from Calixaneres. Calixaneres, Molecular Platforms for Supramolecular Structures. Molecules with Large Cavities. Selective Complexation of Inorganic and Organic Guests. Multi-Electron Redox Activity of Supramolecular Coordination Compounds Containing Metallocyclam and Ferrocene Fragments. New Approaches to Anion Coordination Chemistry. Acyclic Quarternary Polybipyridinium Receptors Designed to Bind Anionic Guest Species. Supramolecular Cyclophane Chemistry. New Synthetic Receptors for Complexation and Catalysis. Unimolecular Micelles. Ru(II) and/or Os(II) Trimetallic Complexes of Tris(bipyridine) Bridging Ligands. Absorption Spectra, Luminescence Properties, Electrochemical Behavior, and Intercomponent Energy Transfer. Kinetic and Spectroscopic Investigation of the Influence of Conformation and Orbital-Symmetry on Longe-Range Intramolecular Donor-Acceptor Interaction. Supramolecular Arrays for the Efficient Conversion of Light into Chemical Energy in the Solid State. Into the Third Dimension of Coordination Chemistry: Towards Starburst Arrays. Antenna Effects and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Polynuclear Metal Complexes. Long-Range Electron and Energy Transfer in Molecular Assemblies. Synthetic Molecular Knots. Proton Transfer Photoreactions in Supramolecular Systems. The Optimization of Photochemical Energy Coversion: Synthetic Supramolecular Devices vis-à-vis Photosynthesis. Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Donor Acceptor Systems Linked by a Flexible Chain. Attempts to Mimic Biomembrane Processes: Function of Phospholipase A2 at Lipid Monolayers. Photochemistry of Crown Ether Styryl Dyes. Towards Synthetic Enzymes Based on Porphyrins and Steroids. Photophysical Properties of Thionine and Methylene Blue when Bound to DNA, Polynucleotides or Nucleotides. Structure andBinding for Cyclophane-Arene Complexes in Water from Monte Carlo Simulations. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Between Intercalated Molecules: Using Polynucleotides to Self-Assemble Donor-Acceptor Systems. Synthesis and Properties of Heterometal Cubane-Type Clusters in Ferredoxins. Binding and Catalysis in Water. Ferrocene as the Central Unit in Novel, Redox-Sensitive Ligands, Monomers, and Receptors. Author Index. Subject Index.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -This revised and updated edition incorporates new developments that have emerged since the publication of the second edition in 1985.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 532 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Chemical fertilizers have had a significant impact on food production in the recent past, and are today an indispensable part of modern agriculture. On the other hand, the oil crisis of the 1970s and the current Middle East problems are constant reminders of the vulnerability of our fossil fuel dependent agriculture. There are vast areas of the developing world where N fertilizers are neither available nor affordable and, in most of these countries, balance of payment problems have resulted in the removal of N fertilizer subsidies. The external costs of environmental degradation and human health far exceed economic concerns. Input efficiency of N fertilizer is one of the lowest and, in turn, contributes substantially to environmental pollution. Nitrate in ground and surface waters and the threat to the stability of the ozone layer from gaseous oxides of nitrogen are major health and environmental concerns. The removal of large quantities of crop produce from the land also depletes soil of its native N reserves. Another concern is the decline in crop yields under continuous use of N fertilizers. These economic, environmental and production considerations dictate that biological alternatives which can augment, and in some cases replace, N fertilizers must be exploited. Long-term sustainability of agricultural systems must rely on the use and effective management of internal resources. The process of biological nitrogen fixation offers and economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of internal resources. In this book, we outline sustainability issues that dictate an increased use of biological nitrogen fixation and the constraints on its optimal use in agriculture. 228 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Advances in artificial intelligence, smart process transmitters and positioners allied with the use of computers in process control has led to an increase in application of expert systems. This book promotes a more efficient use of computers in process control by examining the essential concepts, methods and applications of expert systems.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 196 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -By stressing the various techniques used to determine the petrogenic history of granites, and by bridging the gap between undergraduate and research texts, this book provides a clear understanding of the current state of knowledge of the granite family.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 300 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -This volume is the first in theAdvances in Archaeological and Museum Science series sponsored by the Society for Archaeological Sciences. The purpose of this biennial series is to provide summaries of advances in closely defined topics in archaeometry, archaeological science, environmental archaeology, preservation technology and museum conservation. The Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS) exists to encourage interdisci plinary collaboration between archaeologists and colleagues in the natural and physical sciences. SAS members are drawn from many disciplinary fields. However, they all share a common belief that physical science techniques and methods constitute an essential component of archaeological field and laboratory studies. The General Editors wish to express their appreciation to Renee S. Kra and Frances D. Moskovitz of Radiocarbon for their special expertise and assistance in the production of this volume. We also appreciate the contribution of the two reviewers for their excellent comments and suggestions. The General Editor responsible for undertaking the development of this volume was R. E. Taylor.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 378 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -too vast, too complex, too grand . for description. John Wesley Powell-1870 (discovering the Grand Canyon) VHDL is a big world. A beginner can be easily disappointed by the generality of this language. This generality is explained by the large number of domains covered - from specifications to logical simulation or synthesis. To the very beginner, VHDL appears as a 'kit'. He is quickly aware that his problem may be solved with VHDL, but does not know how. He does not even know how to start. In this state of mind, all the constraints that can be set to his modeling job, by using a subset of the language or a given design methodology, may be seen as a life preserver. The success of the introduction of VHDL in a company depends on solutions to many questions that should be answered months before the first line of code is written: ¿ Why choose VHDL ¿ Which VHDL tools should be chosen ¿ Which modeling methodology should be adopted ¿ How should the VHDL environment be customized ¿ What are the tricks Where are the traps ¿ What are the differences between VHDL and other competing HDLs Answers to these questions are organized according to different concerns: buying the tools, organizing the environment, and designing. Decisions taken in each of these areas may have many consequences on the way to the acceptance and efficiently use of VHDL in a company.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 478 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Functional Ecology of Woodlands is firmly based on the factors which govern the composition of woodland communities, but goes on to explore the dynamics of interactions between various ecosystem components. This is an authoritative text on the functioning of forest ecosystems, which will also assist readers to reach informed decisions about issues such as the greenhouse effect, acid precipitation, the greening of cities and agroforestry.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 424 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Functional Ecology of Woodlands is firmly based on the factors which govern the composition of woodland communities, but goes on to explore the dynamics of interactions between various ecosystem components. This is an authoritative text on the functioning of forest ecosystems, which will also assist readers to reach informed decisions about issues such as the greenhouse effect, acid precipitation, the greening of cities and agroforestry.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 424 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -The morphological scheme devised by Hubble and followers to classify galaxies has proven over many decades to be quite effective in directing our quest for the fundamental pa rameters describing the extragalactic manifold. This statement is however far more true for spirals than for ellipticals. Echoing the concluding remarks in Scott Tremaine's sum mary talk at the Princeton meeting on Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies, 'the Hubble classification of spirals is useful because many properties of spirals (gas con tent, spiral arm morphology, bulge prominence, etc. ) all correlate with Hubble time. By contrast, almost nothing correlates with the elliptical Hubble sequence El to E7. ' During the last few years much effort has been put into the search for a more meaningful classification of ellipticals than Hubble's. Concomitantly, forwarded by some provocative conjectures by R. Michard, the classical question of whether E galaxies form a physically homogeneous family has been brushed up once more. Results of these and other parallel studies look rather promising and point to suture part of the dichotomy between ellipticals and disk galaxies which had become popular in the early eighties, owing to dynamical arguments. At the same time it appears more and more clear that, besides the usual genetic varieties of galaxies, products of environmental evolution must also be contemplated in building our modern picture of the 'reign of galaxies' . The above considerations prompted us to solicit Prof.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 496 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Until recently the interest of plant physiologists in the structure and function of the root, as compared with the above-ground organs, was rather limited. In contrast to the data obtained from agricultural research, where the root is understood as an organ of water and nutrient uptake, recent studies on root systems have evolved as a consequence of an increase in our general knowledge of the transport of substances across biological cell membranes.This has led to increased interest in studies of ion uptake and transport from a novel viewpoint. Parallel to this, the complexity of the histological structure of the root has necessitated a study of this structure in relation to processes which take place in the root. The evaluation of such complex relationships is, in this book, concentrated on recent findings concerning the anatomical structure of the root in relation to its functional manifestations. Based on the principles of structure and function, the metabolic processes in the root, as well as the uptake and transport of water and ions are dealt with. The emphasis throughout is on the structural features. Finally, a short chapter has been included about the root under conditions of environmental stress.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 380 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -This book contains the papers presented at the International Workshop on Visual Fonn, held in Capri (Italy) on May 27-30, 1991. The workshop, sponsored by the International Association for Pattern Recognition (!APR), has been jointly organized by the Dipartimento di Infonnatica e Sisternistica of the University of Naples and the Istituto di Cibemetica of the National Research Council of Italy, and has focussed on Shape. Shape is a distinctive feature of most patterns, so that recognition can often be attained through shape discrimination. The organizers of the workshop shared the general feeling manifested by researchers, that it was time for holding a meeting exclusively devoted to a feature so crucial for both human and machine perception. During this meeting, problems and prospects in the field of 2D and 3D shape analysis could be discussed extensively, so as to provide an effective, updated picture of the current research activity in which shape plays a central role. Indeed, many highly qualified researchers in the field positively reacted to the Call for Papers.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 660 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Classical stellar evolution theories have undergone some drastic changes in recent decades. New insights into the development of stellar interiors were obtained from studying stars in various stages of their lives, as well as with the help of fast computers, which gave a boost to the branch of numerical modelling of stellular structure and evolution.This book is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the general aspects of stellular structure and evolution including a chapter on numerical modelling. The second part deals with specific evolutionary aspects of single and binary stars with a variety of masses. The last chapter gives several models of stars with specific masses.The book is intended as an introduction for students, as well as a reference for researchers.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 478 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condición: Neu. Neuware -Reinforcement learning is the learning of a mapping from situations to actions so as to maximize a scalar reward or reinforcement signal. The learner is not told which action to take, as in most forms of machine learning, but instead must discover which actions yield the highest reward by trying them. In the most interesting and challenging cases, actions may affect not only the immediate reward, but also the next situation, and through that all subsequent rewards. These two characteristics -- trial-and-error search and delayed reward -- are the most important distinguishing features of reinforcement learning.Reinforcement learning is both a new and a very old topic in AI. The term appears to have been coined by Minsk (1961), and independently in control theory by Walz and Fu (1965). The earliest machine learning research now viewed as directly relevant was Samuel's (1959) checker player, which used temporal-difference learning to manage delayed reward much as it is used today. Of course learning and reinforcement have been studied in psychology for almost a century, and that work has had a very strong impact on the AI/engineering work. One could in fact consider all of reinforcement learning to be simply the reverse engineering of certain psychological learning processes (e.g. operant conditioning and secondary reinforcement).Reinforcement Learning is an edited volume of original research, comprising seven invited contributions by leading researchers.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 180 pp. Englisch.