springer chapman and hall crc jan 2012 (33 resultados)

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume (parts A and B) contains the edited papers presented at the annual Review of Progress in Quantitative NDE held at the University of California, San Diego, July 8-13, 1984. We have chosen to organize the papers by subject, an arrangement that we feel to be more useful for a reference volume than the order of paper presentation at the Review. To do this, topical subject headings have been selected under which the large majority of papers reasonably fall. These categories cover a broad spectrum of research in NDE and encompass activities from funda mental work to early engineering applications. The scope and depth of the Review may be easily assessed by examination of the Table of Contents. The Review was sponsored by the Center for Advanced NDE at the Ames Lab oratory of the U.S. Dept. of Energy in cooperation with the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, USDOE, the Materials Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB, and the Naval Sea Systems Command. Approximately 300 attendees re presenting various government agencies, industry, and universities parti cipated in the technical presentations, poster sessions, and discussions. This Review, possibly the most comprehensive annual symposium in NDE, provides a valuable forum for the timely exchange of technical informa tion. A few highlights of the Review are summarized in the following paragraphs. 664 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -To scientists engaged in research on the cellular mechanisms in the mammalian brain, concepts of 'motivation' seem to be a logical neces sity, even if they are not fashionable. Immersed in the detailed, time consuming research required to deal with mammalian nerve cells, we usually pay scant attention to the more global brain -behavior questions that have arisen from decades of biological and psychological studies. We felt it was time to confront these issues-namely, how far has neuro biological investigation come in uncovering mechanisms by which moti vational signals influence behavior At Rockefeller University, we have recently held a course on this subject. We restricted our treatment to those motivational systems most tractable to physiological approaches, and invited scientists skilled in both behavioral issues and physiological techniques to participate. This volume results from that course. The deans and administration at Rockefeller University provided much help in planning the course, and the staff of Springer-Verlag assisted in planning the book. Gabriele Zummer helped organize both the course and the processing of book chapters. They all deserve our thanks. December 1981 Donald W. Pfaff Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University Contents Part One: Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 Donald W. Pfaff Motivational Concepts: Definitions and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . 3 Motivation: A Brief Review of Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reinforcement, Reward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Arousal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Motivation Is a Unitary Behavioral Concept with Multiple Neurophysiological Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter 2 Alan N. 500 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The purpose of this series is to provide a continuing critical review of the literature concerned with mechanistic aspects of inorganic and organo metallic reactions in solution, with coverage being complete in each volume. The papers discussed are selected on the basis of relevance to the elucidation of reaction mechanisms and many include results of a nonkinetic nature when useful mechanistic information can be deduced. The period of literature covered by this volume is July 1982 through December 1983, and in some instances papers not available for inclusion in the previous volume are also included. Numerical results are usually reported in the units used by the original authors, except where data from different papers are com pared and conversion to common units is necessary. As in previous volumes material included covers the major areas of redox processes, reactions of the nonmetallic elements, reaction of inert and labile metal complexes and the reactions of organometallic compounds. While maintaining the space devoted to other areas, that given to the nonmetallic elements has been increased. In recognition of the increasing importance of the determination of volumes of activation in understanding the mechanisms of both inorganic and organometallic reactions a special reference section giving tabulated Ll V\* values has been included and this extensive compilation will be updated in future volumes. 540 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book by Kaplan and Vekhter brings together the molecular world of the chemist with the condensed matter world of the physicist. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, chemists in the West devoted lit to relationships between molecular electronic structure and tle attention solid-state vibronic phenomena. Treating quantum mechanical problems wherein the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation fails was done by 'brute force. ' With bigger and better computers available in the West, molecular orbital calculations were done on observed and conceived static structures with little concern for any cooperativity of vibrational behavior that might connect these states. While it had long been understood in the West that situations do occur in which different static structures are found for molecules that have identical or nearly identical electronic structures, little attention had been paid to understanding the vibrational states that could connect such structures. It was easier to calculate the electronic structure observed with several possible distortions than to focus on ways to couple electronic and vibrational behavior. In the former Soviet Union, computational power was not as acces sible as in the West. Much greater attention, therefore, was devoted to conserving computational time by considering fundamental ways to han dle the vibrational connectivity between degenerate or nearly degenerate electronic states. 444 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -viii The growing use of NTD silicon outside the U. S. A. motivated an interest in having the next NTD conference in Europe. Therefore, the Third International Conference on Neutron Transmutation-Doped Silicon was organized by Jens Guldberg and held in Copenhagen, Denmark on August 27-29, 1980. The papers presented at this conference reviewed the developments which occurred during the t'A'O years since the previous conference and included papers on irradiation technology, radiation-induced defects, characteriza tion of NTD silicon, and the use of NTD silicon for device appli cations. The proceedings of this conference were edited by Jens Guldberg and published by Plenum Press in 1981. Interest in, and commercial use of, NTD silicon continued to grow after the Third NTD Conference, and research into neutron trans mutation doping of nonsilicon semiconductors had begun to accel erate. The Fourth International Transmutation Doping Conference reported in this volume includes invited papers summarizing the present and anticipated future of NTD silicon, the processing and characterization of NTD silicon, and the use of NTD silicon in semiconductor power devices. In addition, four papers were pre sented on NTD of nonsilicon semiconductors, five papers on irra diation technology, three papers on practical utilization of NTD silicon, four papers on the characterization of NTD silicon, and five papers on neutron damage and annealing. These papers indi cate that irradiation technology for NTD silicon and its use by the power-device industry are approaching maturity. 356 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In his Preface, Dr. Fox has quoted Cannon Professor Fox has undertaken the monumental task of compiling the available data on intracra and Rosenblueth in questioning where to stop nial arterial aneurysms. The magnitude and ex the record. One can only document progress tent of the undertaking attest to the tremen to date-and certainly the advances in this field dous amount of information which has are noteworthy-and then make some cau accumulated in the past few decades and to tious predictions for the future. They have cor the accelerated pace at which the field has ex rectly made note that the overall morbidity panded, particularly since the end of World and mortality of these aneurysm patients re War II. mains unacceptably high, largely as a result of Our heritage can be traced to many sources, the secondary complications of the subarach among whom should be mentioned such nota noid hemorrhage itself. More attention should bles as Willis, Quincke, Blackall, Moniz, Dott, be directed in the future to the recognition of Dandy, Hounsfield, and others. The modern era those patients with unruptured aneurysms and includes a number of investigators and clini those with minimal bleeds. Hopefully infor cians, some of whom have contributed to this mation will be forthcoming as to which indi magnificent tome. The bibliography of over viduals are at risk because of some unusual con 4000 references represents the increasing in genital, metabolic, or acquired defect. 568 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Space missions subject human beings or any other target of a spacecraft to a radiation environment of an intensity and composition not available on earth. Whereas for missions in low earth orbit (LEO), such as those using the Space Shuttle or Space Station scenario, radiation exposure guidelines have been developed and have been adopted by spacefaring agencies, for exploratory class missions that will take the space travellers outside the protective confines of the geomagnetic field sufficient guidelines for radiation protection are still outstanding. For a piloted Mars mission, the whole concept of radiation protection needs to be reconsidered. Since there is an increasing interest of many nations and space agencies in establishing a lunar base and lor exploring Mars by manned missions, it is both, timely and important to develop appropriate risk estimates and radiation protection guidelines which will have an influence on the design and structure of space vehicles and habitation areas of the extraterrestrial settlements. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess the state of art in our knowledge on the radiation situation during deep space missions and on the impact of this complex radiation environment on the space traveller. It comprises the lectures by the faculty members as well as short contributions by the students given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute 'Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation' held in Armacao de Pera, Portugal, 12-23 October, 1991. 960 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The substantial and impressive changes in microbial ecology can scarcely be chronicled in a meaningful fashion, and a review series such as Advances in Microbial Ecology can thus not do justice to the numerous studies that have been published in recent years. On the other hand, the mere existence of this series bears testimony to the many and diverse activities. The growing concern with microbial communities and processes in natural ecosystems is not restricted to scientists in one region and is not limited to particular groups of organisms or to individual theoretical or applied problems. The recent and successful international symposium on microbial ecology held in New Zealand-sponsored in part by the International Commission on Microbial Ecology, as is the Advances-and the general microbiology and ecology conferences and congresses have included reports from investigators from all corners of the globe and have explored both new and traditional areas, agricultural and public health problems, individual species and complex communities, and heterotrophs and autotrophs as well as ecosystem models relying on mathematical concepts and environmental processes needing sophisticated chemistry for their definition. The reviews in the present volume thus can offer only a minute sampling of the multitude of topics being actively explored at the present time. Two of the reviews focus attention on biogeochemical cycles regulated by microorganisms, in particular the way these organisms contribute to or control the levels and identities of chemical substances in the atmosphere. The chapter by Y. Dommergues, L. W. Belser, and E. L. 316 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Of recent coinage, the term 'nondifferentiable optimization' (NDO) covers a spectrum of problems related to finding extremal values of nondifferentiable functions. Problems of minimizing nonsmooth functions arise in engineering applications as well as in mathematics proper. The Chebyshev approximation problem is an ample illustration of this. Without loss of generality, we shall consider only minimization problems. Among nonsmooth minimization problems, minimax problems and convex problems have been studied extensively ([31], [36], [57], [110], [120]). Interest in NDO has been constantly growing in recent years (monographs: [30], [81], [127] and articles and papers: [14], [20], [87]-[89], [98], [130], [135], [140]-[142], [152], [153], [160], all dealing with various aspects of non smooth optimization). For solving an arbitrary minimization problem, it is neces sary to: 1. Study properties of the objective function, in particular, its differentiability and directional differentiability. 2. Establish necessary (and, if possible, sufficient) condi tions for a global or local minimum. 3. Find the direction of descent (steepest or, simply, feasible--in appropriate sense). 4. Construct methods of successive approximation. In this book, the minimization problems for nonsmooth func tions of a finite number of variables are considered. Of fun damental importance are necessary conditions for an extremum (for example, [24], [45], [57], [73], [74], [103], [159], [163], [167], [168]. 480 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Space missions subject human beings or any other target of a spacecraft to a radiation environment of an intensity and composition not available on earth. Whereas for missions in low earth orbit (LEO), such as those using the Space Shuttle or Space Station scenario, radiation exposure guidelines have been developed and have been adopted by spacefaring agencies, for exploratory class missions that will take the space travellers outside the protective confines of the geomagnetic field sufficient guidelines for radiation protection are still outstanding. For a piloted Mars mission, the whole concept of radiation protection needs to be reconsidered. Since there is an increasing interest ci many nations and space agencies in establishing a lunar base and lor exploring Mars by manned missions, it is both, timely and important to develop appropriate risk estimates and radiation protection guidelines which will have an influence on the design and structure of space vehicles and habitation areas of the extraterrestrial settlements. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess the state of art in our knowledge on the radiation situation during deep space missions and on the impact of this complex radiation environment on the space traveller. ]t comprises the lectures by the faculty members as well as short contributions by the students given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute 'Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation' held in Armacao de Pera, Portugal, 12-23 October, 1991. 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Six years ago 'adult T cell leukemia (ATL)' was proposed as a new disease entity of T cell malignancy by K. Takatsuki's research group at the Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto university (the 17th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Clinical Immunology, 1976). Thereafter, increased attention has been paid to this disease in Japan because of its characteristic neoplastic cell morphology, clinical and pathologic features and the endemic distribution of patients' birthplace in southwestern Japan. At almost the same time, M. Shimoyarna and Dr. K. Minato at the National Cancer Center confirmed that a majority of T cell malignancies in adult Japanese correspond to ATL (1976). Dr. M. Sasaki at the Osaka Red Cross Hospital presented the first autopsy case of A TL at the 65th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Pathological Society (1976). Later, at the Symposium entitled 'Pathology of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma' of the Japanese Pathological Society (1978), M. Hanaoka of the Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Dr. M. Sakaki and others demonstrated that the pleomorphism of neoplastic cells characterized cytologic and histologic features of A TL based on their observation of 32 cases of ATL. Also at this symposium, histologic studies on A TL by Dr. T. Suchi of the Aichi Cancer Center and the Japanese Lymphoma Study Group resulted in a new category in the classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma designated 'diffuse lymphoma pleomorphic type. 252 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The fourth course of the International School on Physics with Low Energy Antiprotons was held in Erice, Sicily, at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture from 25 to 31 January, 1990. The previous courses covered topics related to fundamental symmetries, light and heavy quark spectroscopy, and antiproton-nucleus interactions. The purpose of this school is to review theoretical and experimental aspects of low energy antiproton physics concerning the quark-gluon structure of hadrons and the dynamics of the. antiproton-nucleon interaction. Another important objective is the discussion of future directions of research with low-and medium-energy antiprotons in the context of future medium energy facilities at CERN and elsewhere. These proceedings contain both the tutorial lectures and the various contributions presented during the school by the participants. The proceedings have been organised in three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical lectures and contributions. The selection of the various subjects wants to emphasize the correlation between antiproton-nucleon physics and the underlying description in terms of quarks and gluons. The second section contains an overview about 35 years of experiments with antiprotons. It gives an introduction to the particle physics aspects of the field by outlining the historical development of experiment and theory, and by describing the motivation and the results of three recent LEAR experiments in more detail. The third section contains most of the contributions of the participants describing in more detail certain aspects of current or planned experiments at LEAR. 256 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1 Vitamin-Responsive Inherited Metabolic Disorders.- Vitamin Deficiency: Historical Perspective.- Vitamin Responsiveness or Dependency.- Genetic Control of Vitamin Metabolism.- Biochemical Role of Vitamins.- Effect of Mutation on Vitamin Function: Theoretical Possibilities.- Defects of Vitamin Transport and Coenzyme Synthesis.- Cobalamin (Vitamin B12).- Folic Acid.- Calciferol (Vitamin D).- Defects of Coenzyme-Dependent Apoenzymes.- Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6).- Biotin.- Thiamine (Vitamin B1).- Genetic Heterogeneity.- Clinical Panorama.- Mendelian Inheritance.- Prenatal Detection and Treatment.- Problems and Perspectives.- 2 Inherited Deficiency of Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase in X-Linked Uric Aciduria (the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome and Its Variants).- Clinical Presentation.- Frequency.- Complete Syndrome.- Clinical Variants of the Syndrome.- Pathology.- Biochemical Characteristics.- Primary Enzyme Defect.- Secondary Enzyme Disturbances.- Properties of the Normal Enzyme.- Properties of the Mutant Enzyme.- Mechanism of Excessive Rate of Purine Synthesis.- Mechanism of Neurological Dysfunction.- Genetic Significance.- Genetic Heterogeneity.- X-Linked Inheritance.- Chemical Selection.- Somatic Cell Genetics.- Preventive Control through Prenatal Diagnosis.- Characteristics of the Heterozygous State.- Pharmacological Consequences of HPRT Deficiency.- Diagnosis of X-Linked Uric Aciduria.- Clinical Signs.- Laboratory Tests.- Heterozygote Detection.- Treatment.- General Measures.- Medications.- 3 Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia Due to Enzyme Defects of Glycolysis.- Glucose Utilization by the Red Cell.- Overall Regulation of Glycolysis.- Mass Action Ratio.- Effect of Cell Age on Metabolism.- Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Enzyme Deficiency.- Expression of Enzyme Defects in the Red Cell and Other Tissues.- Hexokinase Deficiency.- Clinical Spectrum.- Biochemical Considerations.- Genetic Considerations.- Glucosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency.- Clinical Spectrum.- Biochemical Considerations.- Genetic Considerations.- Phosphofructokinase Deficiency.- Clinical Spectrum.- Biochemical Considerations.- Genetic Considerations.- Phosphoglycerate Kinase Deficiency.- Clinical Spectrum.- Biochemical Considerations.- Genetic Considerations.- Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.- Clinical Spectrum.- Biochemical Considerations.- Genetic Considerations.- Other Defects of Glycolytic Enzymes in the Red Cells.- Triosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency.- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency.- 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Mutase Deficiency.- Lactate Dehydrogenase Deficiency.- 4 Population Structure of the ¿and Islands, Finland.- ¿and.- Location and Description.- History.- Population Composition.- Migration Analyses.- Kinship and Population Structure.- The Migration Matrix Model.- Matrimonial Migration in ¿and.- Parish Endogamy.- Prediction of Kinship from Matrimonial Migration Data.- Approach to Equilibrium.- Kinship Matrices.- Geographical Factors Affecting Migration Patterns.- Isolation by Distance.- Summary.- Topology of Population Structure.- 1750¿1799.- 1800¿1849.- 1850¿1899.- 1900¿1909.- 1910¿1919.- 1920¿1929.- 1930¿1939.- 1940¿1949.- 1900¿1949.- The Inclusion of Mariehamn.- Correlation between Coordinates.- Summary of Topology.- Discussion of Migration Analyses.- Biological Studies.- Genetic Analyses.- Geography and Genetic Structure.- Comparison of Genetic and Migration Inference.- Twinning in and around ¿and.- Ophthalmological Studies.- The ¿and Bleeder Syndrome (von Willebrand-J¿rgens).- 5 Population Genetics and Health Care Delivery: The Quebec Experience.- A Short History of French Canada.- A Consanguinity Study.- Objectives.- Demographic Aspect.- Sources and Material.- Results.- Discussion: Consanguinity and the Mean Coefficient Fw.- Conclusions and Decisions.- An Isolate Study.- Objectives.- Methods.- Results.- Conclusions and Decisions.- An Inbreeding Study.- Objectives.- M.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The current proliferation of scientific information makes it difficult for even the most diligent reader to keep up with the latest developments in his/her own field, let alone other areas of interest. Review articles are one solution, but they too have become so voluminous and detailed that they often defeat the purpose for which they were intended. We have attempted to ease this problem by using a different format. In this volume on Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis, we have assembled a series of mini-reviews/editorials, 1,000 to 2,000 words in length. Each is a pithy distil lation of the state-of-the-art with emphasis on current thinking and unifying concepts rather than a compendium of the literature. The 53 articles, all written by active workers in their respective fields, are organized systemati cally so that the book will provide busy investigators, teachers and students of up-to-date information in a very brief and easily read a conceptual core able form. In addition, the authors have attempted to identify unresolved problems and point to future directions. 432 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Digital image processing, originally established to analyze and improve lunar images, is rapidly growing into a wealth of new appli cations, due to the enormous technical progress made in computer engineering. At present, the most important fields of growth appear to emerge in the areas of medical image processing (i. e. tomography, thermography), earth resource inventory (i. e. land usage, minerals), office automation (i. e. document storage, retrieval and reproduction) and industrial production (i. e. computer vision for mechanical ro bots). Currently, emphasis is being shifted from signal-processing re search and design-innovation activities towards cost-efficient system implementations for interactive digital image processing. For the years ahead, trends in computer engineering indicate still further advances in Large Scale Integration (LSI) and Input/Output (I/O) technologies allowing the implementation of powerful parallel and/or distributed processor architectures for real-time processing of high resolution achromatic and color images. In view of the many new developments in the field of digital image processing and recognizing the importance of discussing these developments amongst key scientists that might make use of them, ffiM Germany sponsored an international symposium on 'Advances in Digital Image Processing', held at Bad Neuenahr, Federal Republic of Germany, September 26 - 28, 1978. The interest shown in this symposium encouraged the publi cation of the papers presented in this volume of the ffiM Research Symposium Series. 360 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume presents the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Acoustical Holography, which was held at the Newporter Inn, Newport Beach, on 29-31 July 1970. The symposium was sponsored by the Douglas Advanced Research Laboratories, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, and the Acoustical Society of America. Twenty papers were presented and these each appear as a chapter in this volume. The chapters are grouped into five sections. The sections are I Medical and Biolog ical, II Bragg Imaging, III Nondestructive Testing, IV Underwater and Long Wavelength, and V Theory and Methods. The reader is cautioned only to use the sec tional titles as a rough guide. For instance, the reader interested in new methods should not just read section V since he will find a new liquid surface relief method de scribed in chapter lOin section III. In an effort to reduce the time delay between the meeting and the publication date, the publishers have pro duced this volume using the shoot-from-manuscript method instead of the mote time consuming typesetting method that was used on the previous volumes. As a result there may be differences in notation and definitions used for one chapter to another. However this should not cause con fusion since all symbols and definitions are stated in each chapter. The editor wishes to thank the session chairmen, Dr. Vincent Salmon, Stanford Research Institute; Dr. Isadore Rudnick, University of California at Los Angeles; Dr. Lewis Larmore, McDonnell Douglas Corporation; Dr. 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Instabilities associated with hot electrons in semiconductors have been investigated from the beginning of transistor physics in the 194Os. The study of NDR and impact ionization in bulk material led to devices like the Gunn diode and the avalanche-photo-diode. In layered semiconductors domain formation in HEMTs can lead to excess gate leakage and to excess noise. The studies of hot electron transport parallel to the layers in heterostructures, single and multiple, have shown abundant evidence of electrical instability and there has been no shortage of suggestions concerning novel NDR mechanisms, such as real space transfer, scattering induced NDR, inter-sub band transfer, percolation effects etc. Real space transfer has been exploited in negative-resistance PETs (NERFETs) and in the charge-injection transistor (CHINT) and in light emitting logic devices, but far too little is known and understood about other NDR mechanisms with which quantum well material appears to be particularly well-endowed, for these to be similarly exploited. The aim of this book is therefore to collate what is known and what is not known about NDR instabilities, and to identify promising approaches and techniques which will increase our understanding of the origin of these instabilities which have been observed during the last decade of investigations into high-field longitudinal transport in layered semiconductors. The book covers the fundamental properties of hot carrier transport and the associated instabilities and light emission in 2-dimensional semiconductors dealing with both theory and experiment. 456 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The book of Professor Evtushenko describes both the theoretical foundations and the range of applications of many important methods for solving nonlinear programs. Particularly emphasized is their use for the solution of optimal control problems for ordinary differential equations. These methods were instrumented in a library of programs for an interactive system (DISO) at the Computing Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which can be used to solve a given complicated problem by a combination of appropriate methods in the interactive mode. Many examples show the strong as well the weak points of particular methods and illustrate the advantages gained by their combination. In fact, it is the central aim of the author to pOint out the necessity of using many techniques interactively, in order to solve more dif ficult problems. A noteworthy feature of the book for the Western reader is the frequently unorthodox analysis of many known methods in the great tradition of Russian mathematics. J. Stoer PREFACE Optimization methods are finding ever broader application in sci ence and engineering. Design engineers, automation and control systems specialists, physicists processing experimental data, eco nomists, as well as operations research specialists are beginning to employ them routinely in their work. The applications have in turn furthered vigorous development of computational techniques and engendered new directions of research. Practical implementa tion of many numerical methods of high computational complexity is now possible with the availability of high-speed large-memory digital computers. 580 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Alcohol abuse is this culture's most important drug problem. Statistics indicate that it is exacting a great and relentlessly increasing toll of human suffering. It is clear that the problem is not being dealt with in any effective manner. At the invitation of the. Canadian Hepatic Foundation, many of the world's experts gathered in Toronto, May 14-15 1976, to focus attention on one of the most important aspects of the alcohol problem -alcohol induced liver damage. The epidemiology of alcohol induced liver disease was discussed and current views on the pathogenesis of the problem were reviewed. New insight into the pathological alterations of the liver was presented and some of our current therapeutic capabilities were discussed. Dr. Hans Popper summarized the Symposium and presented some of his views on those aspects of the problem which will require early attention by the research community. The Symposium achieved its immediate objective -that of bringing together the committed experts of various disciplines for an updating of our understanding of alcohol and the liver and for a discussion of new approaches to the problem. As a backdrop to the Symposium, however, was large writing on the wall to the effect that we are expending our research talents and efforts on a totally unnecessary problem. Right now we probably know enough and have sufficient resources at our disposal to solve the problem. 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This textbook introduces the perturbation molecular orbital (PMO) th,eory of organic chemistry. Organic chemistry encompasses the largest body offactual information of any of the major divisions of science. The sheer bulk of the subject matter makes many demands on any theory that attempts to systematize it. Time has shown that the PMO method meets these demands admirably. The PMO method can provide practicing chemists with both a pictorial description of bonding and qualitative theoretical results that are well founded in more sophisticated treatments. The only requirements for use of the theory are high school algebra and a pencil and paper. The treatment described in this book is by no means new. Indeed, it was developed as a complete theory of organic chemistry more than twenty years ago. Although it was demonstrably superior to resonance theory and no more complicated to use, it escaped notice for two very simple reasons. First, the original papers describing it were very condensed, perhaps even obscure, and contained few if any examples. Second, for various reasons, no general account appeared in book form until 1969,\* and this was still relatively inaccessible, being in the form of a monograph where molecular orbital (MO) theory was treated mainly at a much more sophisticated level. The generality of the PMO method is illustrated by the fact that all the new developments over the last two decades can be accommodated in it. 596 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The first chapter of this volume deals with computer simulation of molten salt behavior by molecular dynamics calculations. The next four chapters are reviews of experimental work: Chapter 2 deals with the solubility of nonre active gases in molten salts, Chapter 3 with various types of organic reactions in molten tetrachloroaluminates, Chapter 4 with techniques for the study of molten fluorides, and Chapter 5 with the physical and chemical properties of thiocyanate melts. The last chapter is a collection of phase diagrams for binary and ternary fluoride systems. J. B., G. M., G. P. S. v CONTENTS Chapter 1 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS ON MOLTEN IONIC SALTS L. V. Woodcock 1. Introduction. . 4 2. Intermolecular Forces in Molten Salts 4 2.1. True and Effective Pair Potentials 2.2. Semiempirical Models 6 3. Computational Techniques 13 3.1. Molecular Dynamics Simulation 13 3.2. The Monte Carlo Method 15 3.3. Electrostatic Summations . . 18 4. Calculation of Physical Properties 23 4.1. Equilibrium Properties . 23 4.2. Transport Coefficients 27 4.3. Spectroscopic Properties 32 5. Applications. . . . . . . . 35 5.1. Studies of Interionic Forces. 35 5.2. Microstructure and Mechanisms 40 5.3. Interpretation of Experimental Observables 50 5.4. Reappraisal of Molten Salt Theories . 64 70 6. Conclusions 7. References. 72 vii Contents viii Chapter 2 GAS SOLUBILITY IN MOLTEN SALTS P. Field 1. Introduction 75 2. Experimental Techniques 78 3. Solution Thermodynamics. 476 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book originated out of the papers presented at the special symposium, 'Electrochemistry in Transition-From the 20th to the 21st Century,' scheduled by the Division of Colloid and Surface Science during the American Chemical Society meeting in Toronto. The symposium was in honor of Professor J. O'M. Bockris, who received the ACS award on 'The Chemistry of Contemporary Technological Problems' (sponsored by Mobay Corporation) during this meeting and who also reached his 65th birthday in the same year. The symposium was of a multidisciplinary nature and encompassed the fields of theoretical and experimental elec trochemistry, surface science, spectroscopy, and electrochemical technology. The symposium also had an international flavor in that the participants represented several countries Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, England, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzer land, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, and the United States. The symposium was graciously sponsored by the ACS (Petroleum Research Fund and Division of Colloid and Surface Science), Alcan International, Dow Chemical Company, EG&G, Electrolyzer Corporation, Exxon, General Electric Company, IBM, Institute of Gas Technology, International Association of Hydrogen Energy, Johnson Matthey, Inc. , Kerr-McGee Corporation, Medtronics, and Texas A&M University (Center for Electrochemical Systems and Hydrogen Research and the Hampton Robinson Fund). The 'theme' of the papers presented at the symposium covered not only significant contributions made to electrochemistry in the twentieth century, but also 'New Horizons in Electrochemistry' for the twenty-first century. Thus, the scientists who presented papers were invited to contribute chapters to this book, having the same titles as the symposium. 704 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Concern about acid deposition, commonly referred to as acid rain, as a widespread pollution problem with severe ecological consequences has heightened public awareness. Many authorities fear that acid deposition may be the worst environmental crisis of our industrialized society because of both the global implications and possible widespread, irreversible damage to lakes, soils, and forested ecosystems. Neither state nor international boundaries are exempt from the transport and deposition of airborne pollutants resulting from local and distant emission sources. The dilemma and debate will continue as long as society requires fossil fuels for its energy needs without regard to emission constraints. This book started as a modest attempt to provide a status report on atmospheric transport, the chemical processes which produce acidifying agents, and resultant ecological and economic consequences. The materials in this book have been substantially revised from those presented at the conference in 1983. It became obvious that additional chapters were required when sudden and profound changes occurring in European forests were reported. It is felt that perhaps such damages could be an early warning to forested ecosystems in the northeastern United States and Canada as well as other places throughout the world. Most importantly, it is essential that gained scientific knowledge be translated into required legislation - a section on Policy Issues was incorporated to address these concerns. It is hoped that the reader will become informed and concerned enough to be involved in ll this IIglobal debate. Donald D. Adams Halter P. 576 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In 1969 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization established the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society. Air Pollution was from the start one of the pri9rity problems under study within the framework of the pilot studies undertaken by this Committee. The organization of a yearly symposium dealing with air pollution modeling and its application is one of the main activities within the pilot study in relation to air pollution. After being organized for five years by the United States and for five years by the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, represented by the Prime Minister's Office for Science Policy Programming, became responsible in 1980 for the organization of this symposium. This volume contains the papers presented at the 13th Inter national Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Appli cation held at lIe des Embiez, France, from 14th to 17th September 1982. This meeting was jointly organized by the Prime Minister's Office for Science Policy Programming, Belgium, and the Ministere de l'Environnement, France. The conference was attended by 120 participants and 45 papers have been presented. The closing ses sion of the 13th I. T. M. has been attended by Mr. Alain Bombard, French Minister of the Environment. The members of the selection committee of the 13th I. T. M. were A. Berger (Chairman, Belgium), W. K1ug (Federal Republic of Germany), K. Demerjian (United States of America), L. Santomauro (Italy), M. L. Williams (United Kingdom), H. Van Dop (The Netherlands), H. E. Turner (Canada), C. 744 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The concept of chemical transmission in the central nervous system has taken some time to be generally accepted, but an increasing number of compounds are now being recognized as hav ing a transmitter role in the brain. The acetylcholine system was the first to be discovered in the periphery and its charac teristic features of storage of transmitter in vesicles in the nerve terminal, its electrically-evoked release and rapid extra neuronal breakdown were considered to be necessary criteria for any neurotransmitter candidate. The subsequent elucidation of the noradrenergic system made it apparent that rapid enzymatic breakdown was not essential for a released transmitter, and the possibility of high-affinity re-uptake processes became establ ished as an alternative means of terminating the synaptic actions of a transmitter. With the eventual acceptance of the amino acids as excitat ory or inhibitory transmitters, the requirement for a transmit ter to be present in a low concentration overall (although locally concentrated in specific terminals) also had to be discarded. This necessitated the additional concept of specif ic metabolic pools with different functions being located in different cells or within different regions of the same cell. Some localization of glutamate and aspartate remote from excit able membranes is clearly essential since their overall brain concentrations would be sufficient to maximally depolarize the majority of neurones in the brain. The concept of separate metabolic pools has been supported by stUdies on turnover rate (see Chapter 5). 212 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book discusses how human beings cope with serious physical ill ness and injury. A conceptual model for understanding the process of coping with the crisis of illness is provided, and basic adaptive tasks and types of coping skills are identified. The major portion of the book is organized around various types of physical illness. These physical illnesses, which almost all people face either in themselves or their family members, raise common relevant coping issues. The last few sections cover 'the crisis of treatment,' emphasizing the importance of unusual hospital environments and radical new medical treatments, of stresses on professional staff, and of issues related to death and the fear of dying. The material highlights the fact that people can successfully cope with life crises such as major ill ness and inj ury, rather than the fact that severe symptoms and/or breakdowns sometimes occur. The importance of support from professional care-givers, such as physicians, nurses, and social workers, and from family, friends, and other sources of help in the community, is emphasized. Many of the selections include case examples which serve to illustrate the material. Coping with Physical Illness has been broadly conceived to meet the needs of a diverse audience. There is substantial information about how human beings cope with illness and physical disability, but this material has never been collected in one place. 456 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -During the past decade, fluorescence techniques have come to occupy a position of central importance in biochemistry. Such areas as laser techniques, radiation less energy transfer, and nanosecond fluorometry have evolved from esoteric research specialties into standard procedures that are applied routinely to bio chemical problems. Indeed, discussion of the above three areas occupies the greater part of this book. Its level and approach are appropriate for the bio logical or physical scientist who is interested in applying fluorescence techniques, but is not necessarily an expert in this area. The coverage of the literature has, in general, been selective rather than exhaustive. It is likely that what is summarized here will prove resistant to the erosion of time and provide a basis for the future evolution of this rapidly developing area of science. Robert F. Steiner Catonsville, Maryland vii Contents Chapter 1 Some Principles Governing the Luminescence of Organic Molecules R. M Hochstrasser 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Spontaneous Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. 1. General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. 2. Luminescence from Nearby States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 3. Multiple State Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Molecular Luminescence Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 1. The Transition Dipole Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. 2. Determination of Transition-Moment Directions from Fluorescence . . . 8 3. 3. Polarization of Fluorescence fromCrystals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Principles of Luminescence Experiments Carried Out with Lasers. . . . . . . 12 4. 1. Nonlinear Processes and Optical Pumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5. Coherent Interactions of Molecules and Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5. 1. The Distinctions between Fluorescence and Resonance Raman Effects 17 6. Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Biodeterioration held April 20-23, 1981, at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland. The symposium was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research to provide an organized forum for the discussion of progress in basic and applied research con cerning marine biodeterioration. The symposium was structured to cover interdisciplinary topics of interest both to the basic research community and the applied science and engineering communities. In each major topic area, a comprehensive overview paper summarizing highlights of the past two decades of research is followed by current technical papers concerning both basic and applied re search. Authors were urged to provide extensive refer ences, and their papers were subjected to external peer review. In some respects, the symposium was structured to pro vide a reference tool for the marine engineering com munity that would supplement the excellent monograph entitled 'Marine Fouling and Its Prevention' prepared for the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships in 1952 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. While these proceedings can not begin to update that work, they can, by presenting the in research direction, recent workers in the field, changes ac and current references, give the interdisciplinary user cess to the current literature in key topic areas. 412 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The programming language SETL is a relatively new member of the so-called 'very-high-level' class of languages, some of whose other well-known mem bers are LISP, APL, SNOBOL, and PROLOG. These languages all aim to reduce the cost of programming, recognized today as a main obstacle to future progress in the computer field, by allowing direct manipulation of large composite objects, considerably more complex than the integers, strings, etc., available in such well-known mainstream languages as PASCAL, PL/I, ALGOL, and Ada. For this purpose, LISP introduces structured lists as data objects, APL introduces vectors and matrices, and SETL introduces the objects characteristic for it, namely general finite sets and maps. The direct availability of these abstract, composite objects, and of powerful mathematical operations upon them, improves programmer speed and pro ductivity significantly, and also enhances program clarity and readability. The classroom consequence is that students, freed of some of the burden of petty programming detail, can advance their knowledge of significant algorithms and of broader strategic issues in program development more rapidly than with more conventional programming languages. 512 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condición: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In 1906 Castle, Carpenter, Clarke, Mast, and Barrows published a paper entitled 'The effects of inbreeding, cross-breeding, and selection upon the fertility and variability of Drosophila.' This article, 55 pages long and published in the Proceedings of the Amer ican Academy, described experiments performed with Drosophila ampe lophila Lov, 'a small dipterous insect known under various popular names such as the little fruit fly, pomace fly, vinegar fly, wine fly, and pickled fruit fly.' This study, which was begun in 1901 and published in 1906, was the first published experimental study using Drosophila, subsequently known as Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. Of course, Drosophila was known before the experiments of Cas tles's group. The small flies swarming around grapes and wine pots have surely been known as long as wine has been produced. The honor of what was the first known misclassification of the fruit flies goes to Fabricius who named them Musca funebris in 1787. It was the Swedish dipterist, C.F. Fallen, who in 1823 changed the name of ~ funebris to Drosophila funebris which was heralding the beginning of the genus Drosophila. Present-day Drosophila research was started just 80 years ago and first published only 75 years ago. Even though the history of Drosophila research is short, the impact and volume of study on Drosophila has been tremendous during the last decades. 484 pp. Englisch.