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Paperback. Condición: Very Good. This checklist of garden plants in Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa has been researched by 250 botanists worldwide. It also contains 22,000 botanical names that are no longer officially in use and 10,000 popular names. An illustrated botanical glossary explains all the terms used to describe plants, and lists the most commonly encountered Latin names and their definitions. Every name (including cultivars) is followed by a brief description, the plant's distribution in the wild and its climatic zone, supported with maps for Europe and North America. Mark Griffiths is the editor of "The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening". The book has been read, but is in excellent condition. Pages are intact and not marred by notes or highlighting. The spine remains undamaged.

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Policy: Bring sustainable energy to the developing world Investment and policies must support cheap, clean energy technologies to cut both poverty and climate change, say Reid Detchon and Richenda Van Leeuwen. Publishing: Credit where credit is due Liz Allen, Amy Brand, Jo Scott, Micah Altman and Marjorie Hlava are trialling digital taxonomies to help researchers to identify their contributions to collaborative projects. Astronomy: Art of the eclipse As the next solar eclipse approaches, Jay M. Pasachoff and Roberta J. M. Olson ponder how artists from the early Renaissance onwards have interpreted the phenomenon. Geology: Parsing eruptions Ted Nield weighs up histories of two momentous volcanic events in Iceland and Indonesia. Review of Island on Fire: The Extraordinary Story of Laki: The Volcano That Turned Eighteenth-Century Europe Dark Tambora: The Eruption That Changed the World Alexandra Witze, Jeff Kanipe & Gillen D'Arcy Wood Animal behaviour: Nomads of necessity Joel Greenberg casts an ornithologist's eye on a wide-ranging reading of animal migration. Review of The Homing Instinct: Meaning and Mystery in Animal Migration Bernd Heinrich Obesity Tony Scully Society at large Tony Scully Cell physiology: The changing colour of fat Brian Owens Treatment: Marginal gains Emily Anthes Perspective: Obesity is not a disease D. L. Katz Heritability: The family roots of obesity Cassandra Willyard Microbiome: A complicated relationship status Sarah Deweerdt Neuroscience: Dissecting appetite Bijal P. Trivedi Perspective: Tricks of the trade Stephen J. Simpson & David Raubenheimer Evolutionary biology: Dating chimpanzees Michael Haslam Genetics: Up and down in Down's syndrome Benjamin D. Pope & David M. Gilbert See also Article by Letourneau et al. Organic chemistry: Catalysis marches on James P. Morken See also Article by Mei et al. Synthetic biology: Biocircuits in synchrony Ricard Solé & Javier Macía See also Letter by Prindle et al. Thermoelectricity: The ugly duckling Joseph P. Heremans See also Letter by Zhao et al. Review Top The ensemble nature of allostery Hesam N. Motlagh, James O. Wrabl, Jing Li & Vincent J. Hilser Allostery is the process by which biological macromolecules transmit the effect of binding at one site to another, often distal, functional site, allowing for the regulation of activity; here facilitation of allostery through dynamic and intrinsically disordered proteins is discussed, and a framework to unify the description of allosteric mechanisms for different systems is proposed. Articles Top Enantioselective construction of remote quaternary stereocentres Tian-Sheng Mei, Harshkumar H. Patel & Matthew S. Sigman A catalytic and enantioselective intermolecular Heck-type reaction of trisubstituted-alkenyl alcohols with aryl boronic acids provides direct access to quaternary stereocentres remote from a carbonyl group. See also News & Views by Morken Domains of genome-wide gene expression dysregulation in Down?s syndrome Audrey Letourneau, Federico A. Santoni, Ximena Bonilla, M. Reza Sailani, David Gonzalez + et al. By studying the transcriptome of fetal cells of monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 21, this paper finds that differential expression between the twins is organized in domains along all chromosomes; these gene expression dysregulation domains are conserved in the mouse model of Down?s syndrome and correlate with the lamina-associated domains and replication domains. See also News & Views by Pope & Gilbert Brainstem nucleus MdV mediates skilled forelimb motor tasks Maria Soledad Esposito, Paolo Capelli & Silvia Arber The authors use a combination of viral tracing and genetics to characterize the diversity of neurons projecting from mouse brainstem to motor neurons that control limb movements; in particular they discover that the medullary reticular formation ventral part (MdV) is functionally specialized for skilled forelimb motor control. Skilled reaching relies on a V2a propriospinal internal copy circuit Eiman Azim, Juan Jiang, Bror Alstermark & Thomas M. Jessell Cervical propriospinal neurons (PNs) form a genetically accessible subclass of V2a interneurons that convey both premotor output and precerebellar copy signals; their ablation in mice impairs reaching movements selectively, and activation of their internal copy projection recruits a rapid cerebellar feedback loop that modulates forelimb movement. Letters Top Isotopic links between atmospheric chemistry and the deep sulphur cycle on Mars Heather B. Franz, Sang-Tae Kim, James Farquhar, James M. D. Day, Rita C. Economos + et al. Isotopic analyses of 40 Martian meteorites indicate that assimilation of sulphur into Martian magmas was a common occurrence throughout much of the planet?s history and that the atmospheric imprint of photochemical processing preserved in Martian meteoritic sulphide and sulphate is distinct from that observed in terrestrial analogues. Coherent suppression of electromagnetic dissipation due to superconducting quasiparticles Ioan M. Pop, Kurtis Geerlings, Gianluigi Catelani, Robert J. Schoelkopf, Leonid I. Glazman + et al. The long-predicted suppression of quasiparticle dissipation in a Josephson junction when the phase difference across the junction is ? is inferred from a sharp maximum in the energy relaxation time of a superconducting artificial atom. Ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit in SnSe crystals Li-Dong Zhao, Shih-Han Lo, Yongsheng Zhang, Hui Sun, Gangjian Tan + et al. The main obstacle to improving the thermoelectric efficiency of a material arises from the common interdependence of electrical and thermal conductivity, whereas one ideally wants to raise the former while lowering the latter: a simple layered crystalline material ? SnSe ? is now reported that seems to have these qualities built in. See also News & Views by Heremans Mid-latitude interhemispheric hydrologic seesaw over the past 550,000 years Kyoung-nam Jo, Kyung Sik Woo.

Medical research: Missing patients Effective clinical studies must consider all ethnicities ? exclusion can endanger populations, says Esteban G. Burchard. Developing world: Discuss inequality Confront economic differences to strengthen global research, urge P. Wenzel Geissler and Ferdinand Okwaro. Mental health: Tailor informed-consent processes The first step in studying mental-health interventions across cultures is to adjust procedures to participants' needs, says Mónica Ruiz-Casares. Collaboration: Strength in diversity Richard B. Freeman and Wei Huang reflect on a link between a team's ethnic mix and highly cited papers. Genetics: Under the skin Nathaniel Comfort wonders at the enduring trend of misrepresenting race. Review of A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History, Race Unmasked: Biology and Race in the 20th Century & The Myth of Race: The Troubling Persistence of an Unscientific Idea Nicholas Wade, Michael Yudell & Robert Wald Sussman Physics: In thrall to uncertainty A history of how quantum theory has permeated Western culture refreshes Jim Baggott. Review of The Quantum Moment: How Planck, Bohr, Einstein, and Heisenberg Taught Us to Love Uncertainty Robert P. Crease & Alfred Scharff Goldhaber New in paperback Linguistics: The write stuff Steven Pinker's provocative treatise on language use and abuse would benefit from more data, finds Paul Raeburn. Review of The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century Steven Pinker Evolution: Tribes like us Tim Lenton is intrigued by E. O. Wilson's sweeping perspective on humanity's past ? and possible futures. Review of The Meaning of Human Existence Edward O. Wilson Climate policy: A societal sea change Nico Stehr ponders Naomi Klein's call for strategic mass action on climate change. Review of This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs the Climate Naomi Klein Internet: Technology and its discontents Jaron Lanier surveys four studies probing the vexed nexus of mind and digisphere. Review of Mind Change: How Digital Technologies Are Leaving Their Mark on Our Brains, The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload, The Impulse Society: What's Wrong With Getting What We Want? & The Glass Cage: Automation and Us Susan Greenfield, Daniel J. Levitin, Paul Roberts & Nicholas Carr When disease strikes from nowhere When healthy parents have a child with a genetic disorder, the cause is sometimes a new mutation. Tools are emerging to meet the challenge of finding such changes. Insight: Exoplanets Exoplanets Leslie Sage Doppler spectroscopy as a path to the detection of Earth-like planets Michel Mayor, Christophe Lovis & Nuno C. Santos See also Insight by Lissauer et al. See also Insight by Pepe et al. Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler Jack J. Lissauer, Rebekah I. Dawson & Scott Tremaine Highlights in the study of exoplanet atmospheres Adam S. Burrows The role of space telescopes in the characterization of transiting exoplanets Artie P. Hatzes See also Insight by Lissauer et al. Instrumentation for the detection and characterization of exoplanets Francesco Pepe, David Ehrenreich & Michael R. Meyer See also Insight by Mayor et al. GATM locus does not replicate in rhabdomyolysis study James S. Floyd, Joshua C. Bis, Jennifer A. Brody, Susan R. Heckbert, Kenneth Rice + et al. Mangravite et al. reply Lara M. Mangravite, Barbara E. Engelhardt, Matthew Stephens & Ronald M. Krauss News & Views Top Evolutionary biology: Radiating genomes Chris D. Jiggins See also Article by Brawand et al. Condensed-matter physics: Catching relativistic electrons Zhihuai Zhu & Jennifer E. Hoffman Animal behaviour: The evolutionary roots of lethal conflict Joan B. Silk See also Letter by Wilson et al. Astrophysics: Giant black hole in a stripped galaxy Amy E. Reines See also Letter by Seth et al. 50 & 100 Years Ago Neuroscience: Shedding light on a change of mind Tomonori Takeuchi & Richard G. M. Morris See also Letter by Redondo et al. Organic chemistry: Reactivity tamed one bond at a time Matthew T. Villaume & Phil S. Baran See also Article by Meng et al. Articles Top Multifunctional organoboron compounds for scalable natural product synthesis Fanke Meng, Kevin P. McGrath & Amir H. Hoveyda A catalytic process is reported that begins with a highly selective copper?boron addition to a monosubstituted allene, and in which the resulting boron-substituted organocopper intermediate then participates in a chemoselective, site-selective and enantioselective allylic substitution; this approach is used in the enantioselective synthesis of gram quantities of two natural products. See also News & Views by Villaume & Baran The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fishOpen David Brawand, Catherine E. Wagner, Yang I. Li, Milan Malinsky, Irene Keller + et al. Genomes and transcriptomes of five distinct lineages of African cichlids, a textbook example of adaptive radiation, have been sequenced and analysed to reveal that many types of molecular changes contributed to rapid evolution, and that standing variation accumulated during periods of relaxed selection may have primed subsequent diversification. See also News & Views by Jiggins Proteogenomic characterization of human colon and rectal cancer Bing Zhang, Jing Wang, Xiaojing Wang, Jing Zhu, Qi Liu + et al. Proteome analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer specimens reveals that DNA- or RNA-level measurements cannot reliably predict protein abundance, colorectal tumours can be separated into distinct proteotypes, and that copy number alterations drive mRNA abundance changes but few extend to protein-level changes. Molecular architecture and mechanism of the anaphase-promoting complex Leifu Chang, Ziguo Zhang, Jing Yang, Stephen H. McLaughlin & David Barford The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large E3 ligase that mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins; here the compl.

Mental health: A road map for suicide research and prevention It is time for policy-makers, funders, researchers and clinicians to tackle high suicide rates, say André Aleman and Damiaan Denys. Evolutionary biology: Darwin and the women Sarah S. Richardson relishes a study of how nineteenth-century US feminists used the biologist's ideas. Review of From Eve to Evolution: Darwin, Science, and Women's Rights in Gilded Age America Kimberly A. Hamlin Information technology: Forgotten prophet of the Internet Philip Ball ponders the tale of a librarian who dreamed of networking information. Review of Cataloging the World: Paul Otlet and the Birth of the Information Age Alex Wright European pollution: Investigate smog to inform policy Paul S. Monks Databases: Soil observatory lets researchers dig deep Russell Lawley, Bridget A. Emmett & David A. Robinson Health care: Strict vaccine quality control in China Zhenglun Liang, Qunying Mao & Junzhi Wang Political ecology: Rethink Campania's toxic-waste scandal Giacomo D'Alisa, Marco Armiero & Salvatore Paolo De Rosa Technology: Internal factors drive Chinese patent surge Ching-Yan Wu, Mei-Chih Hu & John A. Mathews Epigenetics: Keeping one's sex Douglas L. Chalker See also Article by Singh et al. Astrophysics: Windy stars that go with a bang John J. Eldridge See also Letter by Gal-Yam et al. Physiology: Double function at the blood?brain barrier Christer Betsholtz See also Letter by Nguyen et al. See also Letter by Ben-Zvi et al. Materials chemistry: Selectivity from flexibility Ryotaro Matsuda Cancer: Darwinian tumour suppression Eduardo Moreno See also Article by Martins et al. Earth science: Fertile fields for seismicity Paul Lundgren See also Letter by Amos et al. Articles Top Genome-defence small RNAs exapted for epigenetic mating-type inheritance Deepankar Pratap Singh, Baptiste Saudemont, Gérard Guglielmi, Olivier Arnaiz, Jean-François Goût + et al. The molecular basis for mating-type determination in the ciliate Paramecium has been elucidated, revealing a novel function for a class of small RNAs ? these scnRNAs are typically involved in reprogramming the Paramecium genome during sexual reproduction by recognizing and excising transposable elements, but they are now found to be co-opted to switch off expression of the newly identified mating-type gene mtA by excising its promoter, and to mediate epigenetic inheritance of mating types across sexual generations. See also News & Views by Chalker Amygdala interneuron subtypes control fear learning through disinhibition Steffen B. E. Wolff, Jan Gründemann, Philip Tovote, Sabine Krabbe, Gilad A. Jacobson + et al. Plasticity within neuronal microcircuits is believed to be the substrate of learning, and this study identifies two distinct disinhibitory mechanisms involving interactions between PV+ and SOM+ interneurons that dynamically regulate principal neuron activity in the amygdala and thereby control auditory fear learning. Contrasting forms of cocaine-evoked plasticity control components of relapse Vincent Pascoli, Jean Terrier, Julie Espallergues, Emmanuel Valjent, Eoin Cornelius O?Connor + et al. Information integration in the nucleus accumbens is commandeered by cocaine at discrete synapses to allow relapse. Cell competition is a tumour suppressor mechanism in the thymus Vera C. Martins, Katrin Busch, Dilafruz Juraeva, Carmen Blum, Carolin Ludwig + et al. T cells develop from thymic precursor cells that are constantly replaced with newly arriving bone marrow progenitor cells, and the ?old? and ?new? cells are shown here to compete; in the absence of cell competition, when the influx of new bone marrow progenitor cells is blocked, the old cells acquire the ability to self-renew and eventually become transformed, leading to the development of a form of leukaemia. See also News & Views by Moreno Letters Top A Wolf?Rayet-like progenitor of SN 2013cu from spectral observations of a stellar wind Avishay Gal-Yam, I. Arcavi, E. O. Ofek, S. Ben-Ami, S. B. Cenko + et al. The detection of strong emission lines in an early-time spectrum of type IIb supernova SN 2013cu reveals Wolf?Rayet-like wind signatures, suggesting that the supernova?s progenitor may have been a Wolf?Rayet star with a wind dominated by helium and nitrogen, with traces of hydrogen. See also News & Views by Eldridge Practical quantum key distribution protocol without monitoring signal disturbance Toshihiko Sasaki, Yoshihisa Yamamoto & Masato Koashi Conventional quantum cryptography relies on monitoring signal disturbance to make sure that information leakage is negligible; here a new quantum method of achieving security is described, in which little information is leaked to the eavesdropper regardless of the signal disturbance. Future increases in Arctic precipitation linked to local evaporation and sea-ice retreat R. Bintanja & F. M. Selten Precipitation is expected to increase far more over the twenty-first century in the Arctic than the global average; climate models show that this is driven mainly by increased local evaporation and sea-ice retreat, rather than by increased moisture transport from lower latitudes. Uplift and seismicity driven by groundwater depletion in central California Colin B. Amos, Pascal Audet, William C. Hammond, Roland Bürgmann, Ingrid A. Johanson + et al. Human-caused groundwater depletion in California?s San Joaquin Valley contributes to uplift of the surrounding mountains and may affect the stability of the San Andreas Fault. See also News & Views by Lundgren High-throughput screening of a CRISPR/Cas9 library for functional genomics in human cells Yuexin Zhou, Shiyou Zhu, Changzu Cai, Pengfei Yuan, Chunmei Li + et al. This study describes the construction of a focused CRISPR/Cas-based lentiviral library in human cells and a method of gene identification based on functional screening and high-throughput sequencing analysis. Copper is required for oncogenic BRAF signalling and tumorigenesis Donita C. Brady, M.

Climate science: Understand Arctic methane variability Expand ground monitoring of polar sources of this greenhouse gas to find out how climate change will influence its release, says Torben R. Christensen. Policy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studies Janine A. Clayton and Francis S. Collins unveil policies to ensure that preclinical research funded by the US National Institutes of Health considers females and males. Sociobiology: The distributed brain Herbert Gintis salutes the follow-up to a study on sociality and hominin brain size. Review of Thinking Big: How the Evolution of Social Life Shaped the Human Mind Clive Gamble, John Gowlett & Robin Dunbar Books in brief Chemistry: Intoxicating science Jamie Goode drinks in two views of that most venerable and destructive drug ? alcohol. Review of Proof: The Science of Booze & The Drunken Monkey: Why We Drink and Abuse Alcohol Adam Rogers & Robert Dudley Development: Dammed dreams Monya Baker is swept along by a documentary film tracing humanity's complex relationship with water. Review of Watermark Edward Burtynsky & Jennifer Baichwal Climate science: Shifting storms Hamish Ramsay See also Letter by Kossin et al. Synthetic biology: New letters for life's alphabet Ross Thyer & Jared Ellefson See also Letter by Malyshev et al. Organic chemistry: Collaborative synthesis John L. Wood See also Article by Mercado-Marin et al. Neurobiology: To care or not to care Ivan Rodriguez See also Article by Wu et al. 50 & 100 Years Ago Sensory biology: Radio waves zap the biomagnetic compass Joseph L. Kirschvink See also Letter by Engels et al. Evolution: Geology and climate drive diversification Rosemary G. Gillespie & George K. Roderick Articles Top Total synthesis and isolation of citrinalin and cyclopiamine congeners Eduardo V. Mercado-Marin, Pablo Garcia-Reynaga, Stelamar Romminger, Eli. F. Pimenta, David K. Romney + et al. Natural products citrinalin B and cyclopiamine B, which contain basic nitrogen atoms that are susceptible to oxidation during synthesis, can be synthesized by the selective introduction and removal of functional groups. See also News & Views by Wood Galanin neurons in the medial preoptic area govern parental behaviour Zheng Wu, Anita E. Autry, Joseph F. Bergan, Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida & Catherine G. Dulac Sexual experience brings radical changes in how male mice behave with pups?virgin males attack them whereas mature fathers display parental care; here the authors identify a subset of hypothalamic neurons whose ablation leads to parental deficits in both males and females, and whose activation in virgin males suppresses aggression and induces pup grooming. See also News & Views by Rodriguez Space?time wiring specificity supports direction selectivity in the retina Jinseop S. Kim, Matthew J. Greene, Aleksandar Zlateski, Kisuk Lee, Mark Richardson + et al. Motion detection by the retina is thought to rely largely on the biophysics of starburst amacrine cell dendrites; here machine learning is used with gamified crowdsourcing to draw the wiring diagram involving amacrine and bipolar cells to identify a plausible circuit mechanism for direction selectivity; the model suggests similarities between mammalian and insect vision. c-kit+ cells minimally contribute cardiomyocytes to the heart Jop H. van Berlo, Onur Kanisicak, Marjorie Maillet, Ronald J. Vagnozzi, Jason Karch + et al. Whether or not endogenous c-kit+ cells residing within the heart contribute cardiomyocytes during physiological ageing or after injury remains unknown; here, using an inducible lineage tracing system, the c-kit+ lineage is shown to generate cardiomyocytes at very low levels, and, by contrast, contributes substantially to cardiac endothelial cell generation. Letters Top Cepheid variables in the flared outer disk of our galaxy Michael W. Feast, John W. Menzies, Noriyuki Matsunaga & Patricia A. Whitelock Five classical Cepheids have been detected in the outer parts of our Galaxy beyond the Galactic bulge; they are probably associated with the gas in the flared disk and, if so, they are the first stars to be identified in the flare. Tracking excited-state charge and spin dynamics in iron coordination complexes Wenkai Zhang, Roberto Alonso-Mori, Uwe Bergmann, Christian Bressler, Matthieu Chollet + et al. Femtosecond resolution X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is shown to track the charge and spin dynamics triggered when an iron coordination complex is excited by light, and establishes the critical role of intermediate spin states in the de-excitation process. The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity James P. Kossin, Kerry A. Emanuel & Gabriel A. Vecchi Analysis of global historical data in the Northern and Southern hemispheres reveals a statistically significant, poleward migration of 1° per decade in the average latitude at which tropical cyclones have achieved their lifetime-maximum intensity over the past 30 years. See also News & Views by Ramsay Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird Svenja Engels, Nils-Lasse Schneider, Nele Lefeldt, Christine Maira Hein, Manuela Zapka + et al. For the first time under reproducible and fully double-blinded conditions, it is shown that anthropogenic electromagnetic noise below the WHO limits affects a biological system: night-migrating birds lose the ability to use the Earth?s magnetic field for orientation when exposed to anthropogenic electromagnetic noise at strengths routinely produced by commonly used electronic devices. See also News & Views by Kirschvink Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body Tao Ding & Patrick D. Schloss The microbiome composition of 300 individuals sampled over 12?18 months was partitioned into microbial community types, which could be associated with the type found at other body sites, as well as with whether individuals were breastfed as an infant, their gender and thei.

Climate policy: Streamline IPCC reports As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change asks how its assessment process should evolve, Dave Griggs argues for decadal updates and eased workloads. Global warming: Improve economic models of climate change Costs of carbon emissions are being underestimated, but current estimates are still valuable for setting mitigation policy, say Richard L. Revesz and colleagues. Biotechnology: Recombinant gold Nathaniel Comfort applauds a nuanced history of genetic engineering's early years. Review of Gene Jockeys: Life Science and the Rise of Biotech Enterprise Nicolas Rasmussen Ecology: Wilson in Africa Stuart Pimm enjoys a fellow naturalist's first visit to sub-Saharan Africa, and the global lessons drawn from it. Review of A Window on Eternity: A Biologist's Walk Through Gorongosa National Park Edward O. Wilson New in paperback Highlights of this season's releases Climate Economics: A strained relationship Scott Barrett examines a study probing the nexus between climate change and energy. Review of Planetary Economics: Energy, Climate Change and the Three Domains of Sustainable Development Michael Grubb, Jean-Charles Hourcade & Karsten Neuhoff Medicine: Outside the fold Giovanna Mallucci assesses the autobiography of Stanley Prusiner, the discoverer of prions. Review of Madness and Memory: The Discovery of Prions ? A New Biological Principle of Disease Stanley B. Prusiner Drugs: Gut response Maryn McKenna finds much to digest in a warning about the demise of our bodily bacteria. Review of Missing Microbes: How the Overuse of Antibiotics is Fueling Our Modern Plagues Martin J. Blaser Education: Digital lessons learned Robert Lue enjoys a deft study of online pedagogy. Review of The War on Learning: Gaining Ground in the Digital University Elizabeth Losh Energy: The new oil era Chris Nelder relishes a lively history of fracking that delves into the complexities. Review of The Boom: How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World Russell Gold Solar system: Cracking up on asteroids Heather A. Viles See also Letter by Delbo et al. Cancer: Damage prevention targeted Dan Dominissini & Chuan He See also Article by Gad et al. See also Article by Huber et al. Biogeoscience: Africa's greenhouse-gas budget is in the red Cheikh Mbow Metabolism: Targeting a fat-accumulation gene Charles Brenner See also Letter by Kraus et al. Quantum physics: A strong hybrid couple Luming Duan See also Letter by Reiserer et al. See also Letter by Tiecke et al. Structural biology: The purple heart of photosynthesis Richard J. Cogdell & Aleksander W. Roszak See also Article by Niwa et al. Articles Top Transcriptional landscape of the prenatal human brain Jeremy A. Miller, Song-Lin Ding, Susan M. Sunkin, Kimberly A. Smith, Lydia Ng + et al. A spatially resolved transcriptional atlas of the mid-gestational developing human brain has been created using laser-capture microdissection and microarray technology, providing a comprehensive reference resource which also enables new hypotheses about the nature of human brain evolution and the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders. A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain Seung Wook Oh, Julie A. Harris, Lydia Ng, Brent Winslow, Nicholas Cain + et al. In mouse, an axonal connectivity map showing the wiring patterns across the entire brain has been created using an EGFP-expressing adeno-associated virus tracing technique, providing the first such whole-brain map for a vertebrate species. MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool Helge Gad, Tobias Koolmeister, Ann-Sofie Jemth, Saeed Eshtad, Sylvain A. Jacques + et al. In order to find a general treatment for cancer, this study found that MTH1 activity is essential for the survival of transformed cells, and isolated two small-molecule inhibitors of MTH1, TH287 and TH588 ? in the presence of these inhibitors, damaged nucleotides are incorporated into DNA only in cancer cells, causing cytotoxicity and eliciting a beneficial response in patient-derived mouse xenograft models. See also News & Views by Dominissini & He See also Article by Huber et al. Stereospecific targeting of MTH1 by (S)-crizotinib as an anticancer strategy Kilian V. M. Huber, Eidarus Salah, Branka Radic, Manuela Gridling, Jonathan M. Elkins + et al. A chemoproteomic screen is used here to identify MTH1 as the target of SCH51344, an experimental RAS-dependent cancer drug; a further search for inhibitors revealed (S)-crizotinib as a potent MTH1 antagonist, which suppresses tumour growth in animal models of colon cancer, and could be part of a new class of anticancer drugs. See also News & Views by Dominissini & He See also Article by Gad et al. Structure of the LH1?RC complex from Thermochromatium tepidum at 3.0 Å Satomi Niwa, Long-Jiang Yu, Kazuki Takeda, Yu Hirano, Tomoaki Kawakami + et al. The near-atomic-level structure of a complete bacterial light-harvesting antenna?reaction centre (LH1?RC) complex is described here; the structure reveals how energy is transferred from the LH1 to the RC in a highly efficient way and suggests how ubiquinone might cross a closed LH1 barrier. See also News & Views by Cogdell & Roszak Letters Top Thermal fatigue as the origin of regolith on small asteroids Marco Delbo, Guy Libourel, Justin Wilkerson, Naomi Murdoch, Patrick Michel + et al. Thermal fatigue resulting from diurnal temperature variations is shown to be the dominant means of rock fragmentation and, consequently, regolith formation on small asteroids. See also News & Views by Viles A quantum gate between a flying optical photon and a single trapped atom Andreas Reiserer, Norbert Kalb, Gerhard Rempe & Stephan Ritter Quantum gates ? in which stationary quantum bits are combined with ?flying? quantum bits, that is, photons ? will be essential in quantum networks; such a gate, between a laser-trapped atomic quantum bit and a single photon, is now reported. See also News & Views by.

History: A medieval multiverse Ideas in a thirteenth-century treatise on the nature of matter still resonate today, say Tom C. B. McLeish and colleagues. Policy: The art of science advice to government Peter Gluckman, New Zealand's chief science adviser, offers his ten principles for building trust, influence, engagement and independence. Books and Arts Top In retrospect: Sylva Gabriel Hemery celebrates the 350th anniversary of John Evelyn's treatise on the science and practice of forestry. Review of Sylva; Or a Discourse of Forest-Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions John Evelyn Particle physics: Higgs on the big screen Alexandra Witze savours a behind-the-scenes look at physics's most famous arrival. Review of Particle Fever Mark Levinson Evolutionary biology: Sex, lies and butterflies David W. Loehlin & Sean B. Carroll See also Letter by Kunte et al. Astrophysics: Cosmic lens reveals spinning black hole Guido Risaliti See also Letter by Reis et al. Geology: Earth's deep water reservoir Hans Keppler See also Letter by Pearson et al. Neurodegenerative diseases: G-quadruplex poses quadruple threat J. Paul Taylor See also Article by Haeusler et al. Neuroscience: Ordered randomness in fly love songs Bence P. Ölveczky See also Letter by Coen et al. 50 & 100 Years Ago Evolutionary biology: Speciation undone Peter R. Grant & B. Rosemary Grant Articles Top Alveolar progenitor and stem cells in lung development, renewal and cancer Tushar J. Desai, Douglas G. Brownfield & Mark A. Krasnow Lung alveoli are lined by two types of alveolar epithelial cells, squamous alveolar type (AT) 1 cells that mediate gas exchange and cuboidal AT2 cells that secrete surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse during breathing; here alveolar markers, genetic lineage tracing and clonal analysis are used in mice to identify alveolar progenitor and stem cells in vivo, and to map their locations and potential during lung development, maintenance and cancer. C9orf72 nucleotide repeat structures initiate molecular cascades of disease Aaron R. Haeusler, Christopher J. Donnelly, Goran Periz, Eric A. J. Simko, Patrick G. Shaw + et al. Structurally polymorphic C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeats cause an impairment in transcriptional processivity and lead to accumulation of truncated repeat-containing transcripts that bind to specific ribonucleoproteins, such as nucleolin, in a conformation-dependent manner resulting in nucleolar stress and C9orf72-linked pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. See also News & Views by Taylor Proof of principle for epitope-focused vaccine design Bruno E. Correia, John T. Bates, Rebecca J. Loomis, Gretchen Baneyx, Chris Carrico + et al. Computational protein design methods are used to generate new candidates for a human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine; artificial protein scaffolds that mimic the structure of a RSV epitope are shown to induce RSV-specific neutralizing antibodies in macaques. Letters Top Reflection from the strong gravity regime in a lensed quasar at redshift z = 0.658 R. C. Reis, M. T. Reynolds, J. M. Miller & D. J. Walton Observations of a gravitationally lensed quasar at redshift 0.658 imply a high spin parameter, which indicates that this supermassive black hole grew by coherent accretion rather than in a chaotic manner. See also News & Views by Risaliti Interrogating selectivity in catalysis using molecular vibrations Anat Milo, Elizabeth N. Bess & Matthew S. Sigman A set of parameters based on the response of a molecule?s properties to infrared vibrations can be used to model and predict selectivity trends for molecular reactions with interlinked steric and electronic effects at positions of interest Conformation-induced remote meta-C?H activation of amines Ri-Yuan Tang, Gang Li & Jin-Quan Yu In anilines and benzylic amines, a recyclable chemical template can direct the olefination and acetoxylation of meta-C?H bonds as far as 11 bonds away from a functional group; in particular, it is able to direct the meta-selective C?H functionalization of bicyclic heterocycles via a highly strained, tricyclic-cyclophane-like palladated intermediate. Hydrous mantle transition zone indicated by ringwoodite included within diamond D. G. Pearson, F. E. Brenker, F. Nestola, J. McNeill, L. Nasdala + et al. X-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopic evidence for the inclusion of water-rich ringwoodite in diamond from Juína, Brazil, indicates that, at least locally, the Earth?s transition zone is hydrous to about 1 weight per cent. See also News & Views by Keppler Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European Iñigo Olalde, Morten E. Allentoft, Federico Sánchez-Quinto, Gabriel Santpere, Charleston W. K. Chiang + et al. A complete pre-agricultural European human genome from a ~7,000-year-old Mesolithic skeleton suggests the existence of a common genomic signature across western and central Eurasia from the Upper Paleolithic to the Mesolithic, and ancestral alleles in several skin pigmentation genes suggest that the light skin of modern Europeans was not yet ubiquitous in Mesolithic times. doublesex is a mimicry supergene K. Kunte, W. Zhang, A. Tenger-Trolander, D. H. Palmer, A. Martin + et al. The phenomenon of sex-limited mimicry is phylogenetically widespread in the swallowtail butterfly genus Papilio ? now, a single gene, doublesex, is shown to control supergene mimicry, a finding that is in contrast to the long-held view that supergenes are likely to be controlled by a tightly linked cluster of loci. See also News & Views by Loehlin & Carroll Dynamic sensory cues shape song structure in Drosophila Philip Coen, Jan Clemens, Andrew J. Weinstein, Diego A. Pacheco, Yi Deng + et al. Drosophila male courtship songs were thought to have a fixed structure with song repetition variations introduced unintentionally because of neural noise; this behavioural assay and computational modelli.

Paperback. Condición: Very Good. Unmarked text. Features Cancer Stem Cell Function. Also submarien volcanoes, breaking Mendel's Law, what is a gene, and more. No. 7092, pp.483-548.

Condición: Poor. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has hardback covers. In poor condition, suitable as a reading copy. No dust jacket. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,2300grams, ISBN:9780333723067.

Paperback. Condición: Very Good. Unmarked text. Features Venus Express. Also geroscience: can old age be healthy, Diabetes drugs, gatekeeper of the nucleus, and more. 29 November 2007, No. 450, pp 585-760.

Condición: Fair. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has hardback covers. Clean from markings. In fair condition, suitable as a study copy. No dust jacket. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,2250grams, ISBN:9780333723067.

Soft cover. Condición: Near Fine. A lovely copy of this scarce issue! Clean and bright -- no markings of any kind. Cover story, "Bee Line: Beeswax Traces in Pottery Vessels Date Human Use of Hive Products to the Beginnings of Agriculture." Ships from NC. (J-6.).

Condición: Good. 4th. Former library copy. Pages intact with minimal writing/highlighting. The binding may be loose and creased. Dust jackets/supplements are not included. Includes library markings. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Editorials Time for the social sciences Governments that want the natural sciences to deliver more for society need to show greater commitment towards the social sciences and humanities. World View The rising pressure of global water shortages Water is becoming more scarce as populations increase, potentially leading to conflict. The age of hydro-diplomacy is upon us, says Jan Eliasson. Nicaragua defies canal protests No Alt text available for this image Scientists call for independent environmental assessment. Lucas Laursen Planet hunters plot course for habitable worlds No Alt text available for this image Researchers aim to set aside differences in search for life on distant spheres. Alexandra Witze Ebola raises profile of blood-based therapy No Alt text available for this image Convalescent plasma therapy is trialled to fight Ebola, but could also be used for new and emerging pathogens. Declan Butler What to expect in 2015 No Alt text available for this image Nature looks at what the New Year holds for science. Elizabeth Gibney Science in 2015 No Alt text available for this image From Gradzilla to coffee consumption: the research enterprise quantified for the year to come. Mark Zastrow comment Leadership: New year's resolutions Nine scientific leaders share their goals for 2015, professional and personal. Books and Arts Top Listings: Science in culture 2015 Explore the gory glories of forensic science, grapple with Tom Stoppard's take on consciousness, learn what it takes to live on Mars, re-enter Jurassic Park, dive into a coral reef and dally with Robert Oppenheimer. Daniel Cressey reports. Review of Oppenheimer, Countdown to Zero: Defeating Disease, Imagine Science Films, Forensics: The Anatomy of Crime, Emerge, Arsenic and New Medicine: Paul Ehrlich's Pioneering Research, EXPO 2015, Jurassic World, Coral Reefs: Secret Cities of the Sea, A Brief History of the Future, The Martian, The Hard Problem, Designers in Residence 2015: Migration, It's Alive! ? Frankenstein on Film, Marvellous Creatures, Frida Kahlo?s Garden, Lava & The Francis Crick Institute Correspondence Top European Union: New law risks release of invasive species Philip E. Hulme Air pollution: Harmful soot spurs climate-policy action David G. Victor, V. Ramanathan & Durwood Zaelke Emissions limits: Green heating plan threatens air quality Gordon McFiggans Publishing: Criteria for Nature Index questioned Robin Haunschild & Lutz Bornmann Obituary Top Paul von Ragué Schleyer (1930?2014) Chemist who launched the study of caged hydrocarbons. Henry F. Schaefer Careers Feature Top Hopes for the year ahead To kick off 2015, Nature's Careers section asked several young scientists ? all 40 or under ? about their plans for the year ahead and their wishes for the future of science. Monya Baker research News & Views Top Molecular biology: Entry signals control development Jonathan D. Dinman See also Article by Xue et al. Materials science: Like cartilage, but simpler Anne Ladegaard Skov See also Letter by Liu et al. Structural biology: Photosynthetic complex in close-up Ilme Schlichting See also Letter by Suga et al. 50 & 100 Years Ago Microbiology: Diverted on the way to memory Gordon Y. C. Cheung & Michael Otto Cell cycle: It takes three to find the exit Mathieu Bollen See also Letter by Grallert et al. Earth science: Ocean circulation and rapid climate change Ellen E. Martin See also Letter by Böhm et al. Articles Top RNA regulons in Hox 5? UTRs confer ribosome specificity to gene regulation Shifeng Xue, Siqi Tian, Kotaro Fujii, Wipapat Kladwang, Rhiju Das + et al. Specialized ribosomes (with a particular protein composition) carry out translation of specific transcripts; analysis of Hox mRNA translation in mice reveals that unique RNA structural elements within their 5? UTRs, including internal ribosome entry sites and translation inhibitory elements, are responsible for this specialized mode of translation. See also News & Views by Dinman Architecture and conformational switch mechanism of the ryanodine receptor Rouslan G. Efremov, Alexander Leitner, Ruedi Aebersold & Stefan Raunser Using electron cryomicroscopy, the structure of the rabbit RyR1 calcium channel is determined at 6.1 Å resolution in the closed state and 8.5 Å in the open state, revealing how calcium binding to the EF-hand of RyR1 regulates channel opening and facilitates calcium-induced calcium release. Structure of a mammalian ryanodine receptor Ran Zalk, Oliver B. Clarke, Amédée des Georges, Robert A. Grassucci, Steven Reiken + et al. Using electron cryomicroscopy, the closed-state structure of rabbit RyR1 is determined at 4.8 Å resolution; analysis confirms that the RyR1 architecture consists of a six-transmembrane ion channel with a cytosolic ?-solenoid scaffold, and suggests a mechanism for Ca2+-induced channel opening. Structure of the rabbit ryanodine receptor RyR1 at near-atomic resolution Zhen Yan, Xiao-chen Bai, Chuangye Yan, Jianping Wu, Zhangqiang Li + et al. Using electron cryomicroscopy, the structure of the closed-state rabbit ryanodine receptor RyR1 in complex with its modulator FKBP12 is solved at 3.8 Å; in addition to determining structural details of the ion-conducting channel domain, three previously uncharacterized domains help to reveal a molecular scaffold that allows long-range allosteric regulation of channel activities. Letters Top A higher-than-predicted measurement of iron opacity at solar interior temperatures J. E. Bailey, T. Nagayama, G. P. Loisel, G. A. Rochau, C. Blancard + et al. Laboratory measurements of iron opacity made under conditions similar to those inside the Sun reveal much higher opacity than predicted, helping to resolve inconsistencies within stellar models of the internal temperatures of stars. Higher-than-predicted saltation threshold wind speeds on Titan Devon M. Burr, Nathan T. Bridges, John R. Marshall, James K. Smith, Bruce R. White + et al. Wind tunnel experiments designed to simulate the conditions on Satur.

Polar research: Six priorities for Antarctic science Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, Steven L. Chown and colleagues outline the most pressing questions in southern polar research, and call for greater collaboration and environmental protection in the region. Books and Arts Top Culture: Artistic alchemy Philip Ball unveils the scientific iconography in Albrecht Dürer's enigmatic engraving Melencolia I. Bias towards large genes in autism Shahar Shohat & Sagiv Shifman Zylka et al. reply Mark J. Zylka, Ben D. Philpot & Ian F. King Materials chemistry: Seeds of selective nanotube growth James M. Tour See also Letter by Sanchez-Valencia et al. Cancer: Directions for the drivers Greg Gibson See also Letter by Ongen et al. Neurodegeneration: Alzheimer's disease under strain Adriano Aguzzi Astrophysics: Portrait of a doomed star Stephen Justham See also Letter by McCully et al. HIV: Early treatment may not be early enough Kai Deng & Robert F. Siliciano See also Letter by Whitney et al. Evolution: Tooth structure re-engineered Zhe-Xi Luo See also Article by Harjunmaa et al. Articles Top Convergence of terrestrial plant production across global climate gradients Sean T. Michaletz, Dongliang Cheng, Andrew J. Kerkhoff & Brian J. Enquist Net primary production is affected by temperature and precipitation, but whether this is a direct kinetic effect on plant metabolism or an indirect ecological effect mediated by changes in plant age, plant biomass or growing season length is unclear ? this study develops metabolic scaling theory to be able to answer this question and applies it to a global data set of plant productivity, concluding that it is indirect effects that explain the influence of climate on productivity, which is characterized by a common scaling relationship across climate gradients. Replaying evolutionary transitions from the dental fossil record Enni Harjunmaa, Kerstin Seidel, Teemu Häkkinen, Elodie Renvoisé, Ian J. Corfe + et al. Gradual changes that occur to mammalian tooth morphology across evolutionary time were modelled in vitro and in vivo by modulation of signalling pathways in the mouse, and computer modelling was used to provide further analysis of the parameters influencing tooth morphology. See also News & Views by Luo Structure of the DDB1?CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase in complex with thalidomide Eric S. Fischer, Kerstin Böhm, John R. Lydeard, Haidi Yang, Michael B. Stadler + et al. The crystal structures of thalidomide and its derivatives bound to the E3 ligase subcomplex DDB1?CRBN are shown; these drugs are found to have dual functions, interfering with the binding of certain cellular substrates to the E3 ligase but promoting the binding of others, thereby modulating the degradation of cellular proteins. Letters Top A luminous, blue progenitor system for the type Iax supernova 2012Z Curtis McCully, Saurabh W. Jha, Ryan J. Foley, Lars Bildsten, Wen-fai Fong + et al. The detection of the luminous, blue progenitor system of the type Iax supernova 2012Z suggests that this supernova was the explosion of a white dwarf accreting material from a helium-star companion. See also News & Views by Justham Tunable spin?spin interactions and entanglement of ions in separate potential wells A. C. Wilson, Y. Colombe, K. R. Brown, E. Knill, D. Leibfried + et al. The ability of individual ions trapped in separate potential wells to simulate spin?spin interactions is demonstrated by tuning the Coulomb interaction between two ions, independently controlling their local wells and entangling their internal states with a fidelity of approximately 0.82. Controlled synthesis of single-chirality carbon nanotubes Juan Ramon Sanchez-Valencia, Thomas Dienel, Oliver Gröning, Ivan Shorubalko, Andreas Mueller + et al. Present preparation methods fail to meet fully the demand for structurally pure single-walled carbon nanotubes; surface-catalysed cyclodehydrogenation reactions are now shown to convert precursor molecules deposited on a platinum(111) surface into ultrashort nanotube seeds that can then be grown further into defect-free and structurally pure single-walled carbon nanotubes of single chirality. See also News & Views by Tour A global ocean inventory of anthropogenic mercury based on water column measurements Carl H. Lamborg, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, Katlin L. Bowman, Gretchen J. Swarr, Kathleen M. Munson + et al. GEOTRACES sampling of deep water from the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans allows an estimate of the amount (tripled in surface waters) and distribution (two-thirds increase in water less than a thousand metres deep) of anthropogenic mercury accumulating in the global ocean. Negative regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by A20 protects against arthritis Lieselotte Vande Walle, Nina Van Opdenbosch, Peggy Jacques, Amelie Fossoul, Eveline Verheugen + et al. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis depends critically on the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1 signalling axis. Rapid seeding of the viral reservoir prior to SIV viraemia in rhesus monkeys James B. Whitney, Alison L. Hill, Srisowmya Sanisetty, Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster, Jinyan Liu + et al. Reservoirs of virus infection represent the most important reason why HIV-1 cannot be cured with current antiretroviral drugs; now the refractory viral reservoir is shown to be seeded as early as 3 days after infection in a monkey model, even before the virus is detected in the blood. See also News & Views by Deng & Siliciano Neuropathy of haematopoietic stem cell niche is essential for myeloproliferative neoplasms Lorena Arranz, Abel Sánchez-Aguilera, Daniel Martín-Pérez, Joan Isern, Xavier Langa + et al. Myeloproliferative neoplasms are caused by mutations in the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment, and here the authors show that the HSC niche contributes to the pathogenesis; sympathetic innervation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is reduced in the bone marrow of patients, which leads to reduced MSC numbers and increased mutant HSC expansion, and restor.

Policy: An intergovernmental panel on antimicrobial resistance Drug-resistant microbes are spreading. A coordinated, global effort is needed to keep drugs working and develop alternatives, say Mark Woolhouse and Jeremy Farrar. Health care: Bring microbial sequencing to hospitals Analysing bacterial and viral DNA can help doctors to pick effective drugs quickly, says Sharon Peacock. Cosmology: Matter and mixology Francis Halzen is exhilarated by an account of the hunt for the particles of dark matter. Review of The Cosmic Cocktail: Three Parts Dark Matter Katherine Freese Books in brief Q&A: The space crusader US astronomer Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of New York's Hayden Planetarium, currently hosts the television series Cosmos ? an update of Carl Sagan's 1980 show ? broadcast in 181 countries and 45 languages. As it winds down, Tyson talks about the rich mix of science and pop culture, the 'neurosynaptic snapshot' of public responses to his tweets, and his momentous meeting with Sagan. Cancer Herb Brody Statistics: Attacking an epidemic Mike May Therapy: This time it's personal Lauren Gravitz Clinical trials: More trials, fewer tribulations Michael Eisenstein Nanotechnology: Deliver on a promise Jessica Wright Comparative biology: Naked ambition Sarah Deweerdt Prevention: Air of danger Rebecca Kessler Developing world: Global warning Eric Bender Bioinformatics: Big data versus the big C Neil Savage Perspective: Learning to share John Quackenbush Biology: Three known unknowns Katherine Bourzac Climate science: A sink down under Daniel B. Metcalfe See also Letter by Poulter et al. Microbiology: Barriers to the spread of resistance Morten O. A. Sommer See also Letter by Forsberg et al. Materials science: Energy storage wrapped up Yury Gogotsi 50 & 100 Years Ago Developmental genetics: Female silkworms have the sex factor Franti?ek Marec See also Letter by Kiuchi et al. Precision measurement: The magnetic proton V. Alan Kostelecký See also Letter by Mooser et al. Cardiovascular biology: Switched at birth Katherine E. Yutzey Immunology: To affinity and beyond David M. Tarlinton See also Letter by Gitlin et al. Articles Top A draft map of the human proteome Min-Sik Kim, Sneha M. Pinto, Derese Getnet, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi, Srikanth S. Manda + et al. A draft map of the human proteome is presented here, accounting for over 80% of the annotated protein-coding genes in humans; some novel protein-coding regions, including translated pseudogenes, non-coding RNAs and upstream open reading frames, are identified. Mass-spectrometry-based draft of the human proteome Mathias Wilhelm, Judith Schlegl, Hannes Hahne, Amin Moghaddas Gholami, Marcus Lieberenz + et al. A mass-spectrometry-based draft of the human proteome and a public database for analysis of proteome data are presented; assembled information is used to estimate the size of the protein-coding genome, to identify organ-specific proteins, proteins predicting drug resistance or sensitivity, and many translated long intergenic non-coding RNAs, and to reveal conserved control of protein abundance. Structural basis of the non-coding RNA RsmZ acting as a protein sponge Olivier Duss, Erich Michel, Maxim Yulikov, Mario Schubert, Gunnar Jeschke + et al. A novel combined NMR and EPR spectroscopy approach reveals the structure and assembly mechanism of a 70-kDa bacterial ribonucleoprotein complex acting as a protein sponge in translational regulation. Letters Top Three regimes of extrasolar planet radius inferred from host star metallicities Lars A. Buchhave, Martin Bizzarro, David W. Latham, Dimitar Sasselov, William D. Cochran + et al. Analysis of the metallicities of more than 400 stars hosting 600 candidate extrasolar planets shows that the planets can be categorized by size into three populations ? terrestrial-like planets, gas dwarf planets with rocky cores and hydrogen?helium envelopes, and ice or gas giant planets ? on the basis of host star metallicity. Direct high-precision measurement of the magnetic moment of the proton A. Mooser, S. Ulmer, K. Blaum, K. Franke, H. Kracke + et al. The magnetic moment of the proton is directly measured with unprecedented precision using a double Penning trap. See also News & Views by Kostelecký Contribution of semi-arid ecosystems to interannual variability of the global carbon cycle Benjamin Poulter, David Frank, Philippe Ciais, Ranga B. Myneni, Niels Andela + et al. The unusually large land carbon sink reported in 2011 can mostly be attributed to semi-arid vegetation growth in the Southern Hemisphere following increased rainfall and long-term greening trends. See also News & Views by Metcalfe Storm-induced sea-ice breakup and the implications for ice extent A. L. Kohout, M. J. M. Williams, S. M. Dean & M. H. Meylan Concurrent observations at multiple locations indicate that storm-generated ocean waves propagating through Antarctic sea ice can transport enough energy to break first-year sea ice hundreds of kilometres from the ice edge, which is much farther than would be predicted by the commonly assumed exponential wave decay. A Palaeozoic shark with osteichthyan-like branchial arches Alan Pradel, John G. Maisey, Paul Tafforeau, Royal H. Mapes & Jon Mallatt A description of the gill skeleton of a very early fossil shark-like fish shows that it bears more resemblance to gill skeletons from bony fishes rather than to those from modern cartilaginous fishes, suggesting that modern sharks are not anatomically primitive, as previously thought. Bacterial phylogeny structures soil resistomes across habitats Kevin J. Forsberg, Sanket Patel, Molly K. Gibson, Christian L. Lauber, Rob Knight + et al. Functional metagenomic selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics in 18 different soils reveal that bacterial community composition is the primary determinant of soil antibiotic resistance gene content. See also News & Views by Sommer Epidermal Merkel cells are mechanosensory cells that tune mammalian touch receptors Srdjan.

Society: Don't blame the mothers Careless discussion of epigenetic research on how early life affects health across generations could harm women, warn Sarah S. Richardson and colleagues. Books and Arts Top History of engineering: Wonder maker Andrew Robinson delves into a study inspired by James Watt's fascinating workshop. Review of James Watt: Making the World Anew Ben Russell Books in brief Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week?s best science picks. Neuroscience: What females really want Leslie C. Griffith Solar system: Sandcastles in space Daniel J. Scheeres See also Letter by Rozitis et al. Ageing: Old blood stem cells feel the stress Jiri Bartek & Zdenek Hodny See also Letter by Flach et al. Condensed-matter physics: Glasses made from pure metals Jan Schroers See also Letter by Zhong et al. Cancer: One cell at a time Edward J. Fox & Lawrence A. Loeb See also Article by Wang et al. Astronomical instrumentation: Atmospheric blurring has a new enemy Brent Ellerbroek Structural biology: Corralling a protein-degradation regulator Raymond J. Deshaies See also Article by Lingaraju et al. Limits on fundamental limits to computation Igor L. Markov To evaluate the promise of potential computing technologies, this review examines a wide range of fundamental limits, such as to performance, power consumption, size and cost, from the device level to the system level. Articles Top Clonal evolution in breast cancer revealed by single nucleus genome sequencing Yong Wang, Jill Waters, Marco L. Leung, Anna Unruh, Whijae Roh + et al. To investigate genomic diversity within tumours, a new type of whole-genome and exome single cell sequencing has been developed using G2/M nuclei; the technique was used to sequence single nuclei from an oestrogen-positive breast cancer and a triple-negative ductal carcinoma?aneuploidy rearrangements emerged as early events in tumour formation and then point mutations evolved gradually over time. See also News & Views by Fox & Loeb Crystal structure of the human COP9 signalosome Gondichatnahalli M. Lingaraju, Richard D. Bunker, Simone Cavadini, Daniel Hess, Ulrich Hassiepen + et al. The COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex regulates cullin?RING E3 ubiquitin ligases?the largest class of ubiquitin ligase enzymes, which are involved in a multitude of regulatory processes; here, the crystal structure of the entire human CSN holoenzyme is presented. See also News & Views by Deshaies Three-dimensional structure of human ?-secretase Peilong Lu, Xiao-chen Bai, Dan Ma, Tian Xie, Chuangye Yan + et al. The three-dimensional structure of intact human ?-secretase complex at 4.5 Å resolution is revealed by cryo-electron-microscopy single-particle analysis; the complex comprises a horseshoe-shaped transmembrane domain containing 19 transmembrane segments, and a large extracellular domain from nicastrin, which sits immediately above the hollow space formed by the horseshoe. Letters Top The origin of the local 1/4-keV X-ray flux in both charge exchange and a hot bubble M. Galeazzi, M. Chiao, M. R. Collier, T. Cravens, D. Koutroumpa + et al. The contribution of solar-wind ions exchanging electrons with helium and hydrogen near the Sun is shown to be only about 40 per cent of the 1/4-keV X-ray flux observed in the Galactic plane; this supports the existence of a local ?hot bubble? filled with X-ray-emitting gas, accounting for the rest of the flux. Cohesive forces prevent the rotational breakup of rubble-pile asteroid (29075) 1950 DA Ben Rozitis, Eric MacLennan & Joshua P. Emery Modelling and observations of the kilometre-sized asteroid (29075) 1950 DA reveal it to be a ?rubble pile? that is rotating faster than is allowed by gravity and friction; cohesive forces such as those in lunar regolith are required to prevent it breaking up. See also News & Views by Scheeres Formation of monatomic metallic glasses through ultrafast liquid quenching Li Zhong, Jiangwei Wang, Hongwei Sheng, Ze Zhang & Scott X. Mao Metallic liquids of single elements have been successfully vitrified to their glassy states by achieving an ultrafast quenching rate in a new experimental design, of which the process has been monitored and studied by a combination of in situ transmission electron microscopy and atoms-to-continuum computer modelling. See also News & Views by Schroers The tidal?rotational shape of the Moon and evidence for polar wander Ian Garrick-Bethell, Viranga Perera, Francis Nimmo & Maria T. Zuber Analysis of the Moon's topography reveals that when its largest basins are removed, the lunar shape is consistent with processes controlled by early Earth tides, and implies a reorientation of the Moon's principal shape axes. Neuropsychosocial profiles of current and future adolescent alcohol misusers Robert Whelan, Richard Watts, Catherine A. Orr, Robert R. Althoff, Eric Artiges + et al. Many factors have been proposed as contributors to risk of alcohol abuse, but quantifying their influence has been difficult; here a longitudinal study of a large sample of adolescents and machine learning are used to generate models of predictors of current and future alcohol abuse, assessing the relative contribution of many factors, including life history, individual personality differences, brain structure and genotype. A common Greenlandic TBC1D4 variant confers muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes Ida Moltke, Niels Grarup, Marit E. Jørgensen, Peter Bjerregaard, Jonas T. Treebak + et al. An association mapping study of type-2-diabetes-related quantitative traits in the Greenlandic population identified a common variant in TBC1D4 that increases plasma glucose levels and serum insulin levels after an oral glucose load and type 2 diabetes risk, with effect sizes several times larger than any previous findings of large-scale genome-wide association studies for these traits. Altitude adaptation in Tibetans caused by introgression of Denisovan-like DNA Emilia Huerta-Sánchez, Xin Jin, Asan, Zhuoma Bianba, Benjamin M. Peter +.