Abdul ahad ansari (680 resultados)

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Paperback. Condición: new. Paperback. The forest floor is running a computation that began 450 million years ago. We are only now learning to read it.Beneath every forest, meadow, and farm on Earth, a network of fungal threads spans the soil with a density that exceeds human imagination: a single kilogram of forest soil contains more total fungal hypha length than the distance from London to Edinburgh. These threads, called hyphae, connect the roots of trees, transmit chemical alarm signals between plants under attack, redistribute carbon from productive to vulnerable parts of the ecosystem, and solve transport optimization problems that are formally equivalent to problems that computer scientists have been unable to solve efficiently since the 1970s.This is the mycelium. And this book argues, with the rigorous attention to evidence that the claim requires, that it is processing information in a way that can be formally described as binary.Mycelium Internet is the first comprehensive scientific account of fungal information processing written for a scientifically literate general audience. Drawing on foundational research from Suzanne Simard's landmark 1997 Nature paper on carbon transfer through mycorrhizal networks, Andrew Adamatzky's 2022 Royal Society characterization of electrical spike trains in the ghost fungus, Toshiyuki Nakagaki's Nobel-quality demonstration that Physarum polycephalum solves maze problems through physical computation, and the small-world network analysis of Boddy, Fricker, and colleagues that revealed the topology of mycelial networks to be formally analogous to the internet and the brain, Prof. Arenvix Caldoray builds the most complete case yet made that fungal networks are genuine information-processing systems.The book covers the full scope of the evidence: the electrical signaling dynamics of individual hyphae; the spike-train statistics of mycelial electrical activity recorded over 2,000 hours of continuous monitoring; the mutual information between mycelial network states and environmental variables; the small-world and scale-free network architectures that make mycelia computationally powerful; the Pareto-optimal transport networks that mycelia build without any centralized control; the systemic acquired resistance signals that propagate through mycorrhizal networks to warn neighboring plants of pathogen attack; and the epigenetic memory mechanisms that allow mycelia to store information about past environmental conditions across generations.It also covers the limits of the evidence, with a candor that distinguishes rigorous science writing from enthusiastic science popularization. Not all the claims made in popular accounts of the Wood Wide Web are supported by the current data. The distinction between material transfer and information transfer is real and important. The source-sink dynamics that drive mycorrhizal carbon flow may not require network-level decision-making. Prof. Caldoray makes these distinctions clearly and draws the conclusions that the evidence, rather than the enthusiasm, supports.The result is a book that is both more exciting and more honest than the popular accounts that preceded it, because the actual scientific story, when told with precision, is more surprising, more significant, and more beautiful than any oversimplification.The mycelium has been running since the Devonian. The computation has been running since before there were forests to network. Understanding it is not an optional intellectual luxury. It is essential for anyone who wants to understand how life works, why ecosystems function, and what we are standing on.Essential reading for anyone fascinated by Entangled Life by Merlin Sheldrake, The Hidden Life of Trees by Peter Wohlleben, and</stron Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.…

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Paperback. Condición: new. Paperback. Something is wrong with the Standard Model. Not in the vague, philosophical sense that physicists acknowledge at conferences and then set aside. In the specific, documented, statistically significant sense that multiple independent experiments have produced measurements that the theory cannot explain, and the experiments have not gone away.The muon anomalous magnetic moment differs from the Standard Model prediction by 4.2 standard deviations, a discrepancy confirmed by the Fermilab Muon g-2 collaboration in 2021. The ATOMKI group in Debrecen, Hungary has reported a 6.8 sigma anomaly in the decay products of excited beryllium-8 nuclei, consistent with a new boson of approximately 16.7 MeV, confirmed in subsequent measurements of helium-4 and carbon-12. Both anomalies point at the same region of parameter space: a new force carrier with a mass in the 15 to 20 MeV range and a coupling to nuclear matter that is small but non-zero.In The Fifth Force, Prof. Draxton Velumir proposes a specific theoretical framework for a fifth fundamental force, which he calls dark repulsion, whose carrier particle, the dark repulsion boson, has precisely the properties needed to account for these anomalies. The framework is developed in full mathematical detail, including the gauge theory Lagrangian, the coupling constants, the Yukawa potential structure, and the renormalization group running of the coupling. It generates quantitative predictions for the ATOMKI X17 signal, the muon g-2 discrepancy, and for short-range gravity tests, predictions that are falsifiable by experiments currently running or in construction.But the book's most striking claim is biological.The dark repulsion boson, as Velumir specifies it, couples preferentially to isospin-one nuclear currents. Biological macromolecules, composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei with equal numbers of protons and neutrons, have a systematically higher sensitivity to this coupling than the heavy-element targets used in laboratory physics detectors. Condensed chromatin, the form DNA takes during cell division, is dense enough in nucleons to produce a coherent Casimir-like force between sister chromatid arms through vacuum fluctuations of the dark repulsion field. This force is repulsive. It is of the order of 0.1 piconewtons. And it provides a mechanism for the chromosome arm separation that the current four-force model of mitosis cannot explain.The Fifth Force develops this argument across fifteen chapters, four parts, and a mathematical appendix. Part One surveys the Standard Model, its successes and its fundamental gaps, and examines the experimental anomalies that constitute its current empirical challenge. Part Two develops the dark repulsion theoretical framework in full technical detail while remaining accessible to readers at the advanced undergraduate level. Part Three bridges particle physics and cell biology, describing mitosis in quantitative force terms and showing where dark repulsion fits in the biophysical accounting of chromosome segregation. Part Four examines the implications for cancer biology, specifies the full experimental program that would confirm or falsify the framework, and develops the unified picture connecting quark couplings to chromosome mechanics.This is not a popular science account. It is a scientific monograph presenting an original theoretical proposal with falsifiable predictions, written for physicists, biologists, and scientifically trained readers prepared to engage with a genuine proposal for new physics.The anomalies are real. The predictions are specific. The experiment to test them is buildable. The question is whether the community is ready to look.For readers of Lee Smolin's The Trouble With Physics, Peter Woit's Not Even Wrong, and Frank Wilczek's A Beautiful Quest Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.…

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