Paperback. Clinicians and decisionmakers often have to select from multiple available interventions when determining the optimal treatment for disease. Ideally, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that estimate the effectiveness of all possible interventions directly against one another would be available to guide decisionmaking. However, interventions are commonly compared with placebo or non-active control in RCTs rather than another active intervention and when direct comparative trials exist they are between two of a larger group of possible treatments. As such decisionmakers are faced with a lack of adequate direct comparative data to make their judgments. In the absence of direct comparative data, indirect comparisons may provide valuable information. For example, if two different interventions have been evaluated against a common comparator, the relative effects of the two interventions compared with each other can be estimated indirectly. Even in the presence of direct comparative data, indirect comparisons may add value to the interpretation of comparative effectiveness, as usually more than two treatments for a given disease are considered in clinical practice (even if all treatments are not directly compared). According to the Conducting Quantitative Synthesis When Comparing Medical Interventions chapter of the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) methods guide, investigators may choose to implement an indirect or mixed treatment comparison (MTC) in order to make statistical comparisons between interventions. Several methodologies exist to indirectly compare interventions, as do modes to implement such methodologies. These include anchored indirect comparisons as described by Bucher et al., Frequentist MTC and Bayesian MTC. In the simplest form, interventions that are evaluated against a common comparator in separate trials can be compared to each other indirectly using an anchored indirect treatment comparison approach. This and related approaches have been previously addressed in a heath technology assessment report by Glenny et al. and consequently are not the focus of this report.8 As a generalization of indirect comparisons, when more than two treatments are being compared indirectly, and at least one pair of treatments is being compared both directly and indirectly (a closed loop is present), both direct and indirect types of data can be used to estimate effects in a network meta-analysis using a Bayesian or Frequentist framework. Although these latter methodologies for synthesizing networks of studies with at least one closed loop are frequently employed, best practices for their use are unclear. This report is divided into three parts, each with its own objective. Part one: Summarize publicly available guidance discussing when and how to conduct a MTC as well as how to interpret and report the results of such analysis. We will highlight guidance on methods to synthesize MTCs. However, we will also summarize guidance applicable to network meta-analysis in general when such guidance also applies to MTC. Part two: Identify either Bayesian or Frequentist MTCs that were published since 2006, and summarize their characteristics. Part three: Gather insight from investigators who have conducted either Bayesian or Frequentist MTCs, as identified in part two of this project. More specifically, investigators will be queried about how elements of such methodology should be chosen and reported. Shipping may be from our UK warehouse or from our Australian or US warehouses, depending on stock availability.

N� de ref. del art�culo 9781484077269

Contactar al vendedor

Denunciar este art�culo

Detalles bibliogr�ficos

T�tulo: Use of Mixed Treatment Comparisons in Systematic Reviews (Paperback)
Editor: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Fecha de publicaci�n: 2013
Idioma: Ingl�s
ISBN 10: 1484077261
ISBN 13: 9781484077269
Encuadernaci�n: Paperback
Estado: new

Acerca de

Sinopsis

Clinicians and decisionmakers often have to select from multiple available interventions when determining the optimal treatment for disease. Ideally, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that estimate the effectiveness of all possible interventions directly against one another would be available to guide decisionmaking. However, interventions are commonly compared with placebo or non-active control in RCTs rather than another active intervention and when direct comparative trials exist they are between two of a larger group of possible treatments. As such decisionmakers are faced with a lack of adequate direct comparative data to make their judgments. In the absence of direct comparative data, indirect comparisons may provide valuable information. For example, if two different interventions have been evaluated against a common comparator, the relative effects of the two interventions compared with each other can be estimated indirectly. Even in the presence of direct comparative data, indirect comparisons may add value to the interpretation of comparative effectiveness, as usually more than two treatments for a given disease are considered in clinical practice (even if all treatments are not directly compared). According to the Conducting Quantitative Synthesis When Comparing Medical Interventions chapter of the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) methods guide, investigators may choose to implement an indirect or mixed treatment comparison (MTC) in order to make statistical comparisons between interventions. Several methodologies exist to indirectly compare interventions, as do modes to implement such methodologies. These include anchored indirect comparisons as described by Bucher et al., Frequentist MTC and Bayesian MTC. In the simplest form, interventions that are evaluated against a common comparator in separate trials can be compared to each other indirectly using an anchored indirect treatment comparison approach. This and related approaches have been previously addressed in a heath technology assessment report by Glenny et al. and consequently are not the focus of this report.8 As a generalization of indirect comparisons, when more than two treatments are being compared indirectly, and at least one pair of treatments is being compared both directly and indirectly (a closed loop is present), both direct and indirect types of data can be used to estimate effects in a network meta-analysis using a Bayesian or Frequentist framework. Although these latter methodologies for synthesizing networks of studies with at least one closed loop are frequently employed, best practices for their use are unclear. This report is divided into three parts, each with its own objective. Part one: Summarize publicly available guidance discussing when and how to conduct a MTC as well as how to interpret and report the results of such analysis. We will highlight guidance on methods to synthesize MTCs. However, we will also summarize guidance applicable to network meta-analysis in general when such guidance also applies to MTC. Part two: Identify either Bayesian or Frequentist MTCs that were published since 2006, and summarize their characteristics. Part three: Gather insight from investigators who have conducted either Bayesian or Frequentist MTCs, as identified in part two of this project. More specifically, investigators will be queried about how elements of such methodology should be chosen and reported.

Rese�a del editor

"Sobre este t�tulo" puede pertenecer a otra edici�n de este libro.

Descripci�n de la librer�a

Online business

Ver la p�gina web de la librer�a

Informaci�n empresarial del vendedor

ABC BOOKS LIMITED
10 John Street, London, WC1N 2EB, United Kingdom

Condiciones de venta y env�o

Condiciones de venta

Orders can be returned within 30 days of receipt.

Derecho a cancelaci�n

Si eres un consumidor puedes cancelar el presente contrato de acuerdo con lo indicado a continuaci�n. Son consumidores las personas f�sicas que act�en con un prop�sito ajeno a su actividad comercial, empresarial, oficio o profesi�n.

Documento de informaci�n al consumidor y usuario sobre el desistimiento

Derecho de desistimiento:

Tienes derecho a desistir del presente contrato en un plazo de 14 d�as naturales sin necesidad de justificaci�n.

El plazo de desistimiento expirar� a los 14 d�as naturales del d�a en que t� o un tercero que hayas indicado, distinto del transportista, adquiera la posesi�n material del �ltimo bien, componente o pieza.

Para ejercer el derecho de desistimiento, deber�s notificarnos a CitiRetail, ABC Books c/o International Logistics, Unit 2D Gatwick Gate Industrial Estate, RH11 0TG, Lowfield Heath, United Kingdom, 44 020 3290 3457, de tu decisi�n de desistir del contrato a trav�s de una declaraci�n inequ�voca (por ejemplo, una carta enviada por correo postal, fax o correo electr�nico). Podr�s utilizar el modelo de formulario de desistimiento que figura a continuaci�n, aunque su uso no es obligatorio. Tienes asimismo la opci�n de cumplimentar y enviar electr�nicamente el modelo de formulario de desistimiento o cualquier otra declaraci�n inequ�voca a trav�s de nuestro sitio web a "Mis pedidos" en "Mi cuenta". Si recurres a esta opci�n, te comunicaremos sin demora en un soporte duradero (por ejemplo, por correo electr�nico) la recepci�n de dicho desistimiento.

Para cumplir el plazo de desistimiento, basta con que la comunicaci�n relativa al ejercicio por tu parte de este derecho sea enviada antes de que venza el plazo correspondiente.

Consecuencias del desistimiento:

En caso de desistimiento por tu parte, te devolveremos todos los pagos recibidos de ti, incluidos los gastos de entrega (con la excepci�n de los gastos adicionales resultantes de la elecci�n por tu parte de una modalidad de entrega diferente a la modalidad menos costosa de entrega ordinaria que ofrezcamos) sin ninguna demora indebida y, en todo caso, a m�s tardar 14 d�as naturales a partir de la fecha en la que se nos informes de tu decisi�n de desistir del presente contrato. Procederemos a efectuar dicho reembolso utilizando el mismo medio de pago empleado por ti para la transacci�n inicial, a no ser que hayas dispuesto expresamente lo contrario; en todo caso, no incurrir�s en ning�n gasto como consecuencia del reembolso.

Podremos retenerte el reembolso hasta haber recibido los bienes, o hasta que hayas presentado una prueba de la devoluci�n de los mismos, seg�n qu� condici�n se cumpla primero. Deber�s devolvernos o entregarnos directamente los bienes a CitiRetail, ABC Books c/o International Logistics, Unit 2D Gatwick Gate Industrial Estate, RH11 0TG, Lowfield Heath, United Kingdom, 44 020 3290 3457, sin ninguna demora indebida y, en cualquier caso, a m�s tardar en el plazo de 14 d�as naturales a partir de la fecha en que nos comuniques tu decisi�n de desistimiento del contrato. Se considerar� cumplido el plazo si efect�as la devoluci�n de los bienes antes de que haya concluido dicho plazo. Deber�s asumir el coste directo de devoluci�n de los bienes. Solo ser�s responsable de la disminuci�n de valor de los bienes resultante de una manipulaci�n distinta a la necesaria para establecer la naturaleza, las caracter�sticas y el funcionamiento de los bienes.

Excepciones al derecho de desistimiento:

La entrega de peri�dicos, publicaciones especializadas o revistas con la excepci�n de contratos de suscripci�n; y
La entrega de contenido digital (incluyendo apps, software digital e-books, MP3, etc.) que no hubiera sido entregado en un medio tangible (por ejemplo: CD o DVD), si al realizar tu pedido has aceptado que podemos proceder al env�o del producto y que no resulta posible su cancelaci�n una vez comienza la entrega.

Modelo de formulario de desistimiento

(S�lo debe cumplimentar y enviar el presente formulario si desea desistir del contrato)

A la atenci�n de: (CitiRetail, ABC Books c/o International Logistics, Unit 2D Gatwick Gate Industrial Estate, RH11 0TG, Lowfield Heath, United Kingdom, 44 020 3290 3457)

Por la presente le comunico/comunicamos* que desisto de mi/desistimos de nuestro* contrato de venta del siguiente bien/prestaci�n del siguiente servicio*

Pedido el/recibido el*:

Nombre del consumidor y usuario o de los consumidores y usuarios:

Domicilio del consumidor y usuario o de los consumidores y usuarios:

Firma del consumidor y usuario o de los consumidores y usuarios (solo si el presente formulario se presenta en papel):

Fecha:

* Eliminar en su caso

Condiciones de env�o

Please note that titles are dispatched from our US, Canadian or Australian warehouses. Delivery times specified in shipping terms. Orders ship within 2 business days. Delivery to your door then takes 7-14 days.

Tarifas de env�o de Reino Unido a Estados Unidos de America

Tarifas de env�o de Reino Unido a Estados Unidos de America
Cantidad del pedido	De 7 a 60 d�as h�biles	De 7 a 14 d�as h�biles
Primer art�culo	EUR 42.84	EUR 42.84

Los plazos de entrega los establecen los vendedores y var�an seg�n el transportista y la ubicaci�n. Los pedidos que pasan por la aduana pueden sufrir retrasos y los compradores son responsables de los aranceles o tarifas asociadas. Los vendedores pueden ponerse en contacto con usted en relaci�n con cargos adicionales para cubrir cualquier aumento en los costes de env�o de los art�culos.