Twentieth-Century World

I. Introduction 1. The Twentieth Century in World History Four Themes Global Interrelatedness Identity and Difference Rise of the Mass Society Technology Versus Nature Conclusion: Values for Survival 2. Origins of the New Century A "Short" Twentieth Century? Progress and Optimism, 1871-1914 Social Darwinism and Racist Nationalism The "Second Industrial Revolution" and The Rise of the Mass Society The Challenge of Democracy The Outburst of Imperialism Two Poles of Experience in the European"Dominated World System Imperial Berlin: European Metropolis and Crucible of Change Dinshawai, Egyptian Village: Rustic Routine and the Challenge of Colonialism Conclusion: Berlin and Dinshawai II. Crisis in the European-Dominated World Order 3. World War I: The Turning Point of European Ascendancy Causes of World War I Battlefronts, 1914-1918 Home Fronts, 1914-1918 Peacemaking, 1919 and After Conclusion 4. Restructuring the Social and Political Order: The Bolshevik Revolution in World Perspective The End of Tsarist Russia Lenin's Russia, 1917-1924 Stalin's Soviet Union, 1924-1939 Contrasts in Revolution and Mass Mobilization Conclusion: Revolutions Compared 5. Global Economic Crisis and the Restructuring of the Social and Political Order The Deceptive "Normalcy" of the 1920s From Wall Street Crash to World Depression Origins of the Crisis The Depression in the Developing World Britain, France, and the Dilemma of Democratic Socialism The New Deal in Global Perspective Conclusion: The Global Trend Toward the Guarantor State 6. Restructuring the Social and Political Order: Fascism The Varieties of Authoritarianism After 1918 The Original Fascism: The Italian Model From Weimar Republic to Third Reich The Road to War Fascism Around the World Conclusion: The Permanent Temptation of Fascism III. Latin America, Africa, and Asia: The Struggle Against Colonialism 7. Latin America's Struggle for Development Continental Overview: The Illusion of Independence The Amazing Argentine Brazil from Empire to New State Mexico and Its Revolutionary Legacy Conclusion: Charismatic Leaders and Their Policies Compared 8. Sub-Saharan Africa Under European Sway Continental Overview: African Diversity, European Domination Integration into the Europe-Centered Global Pattern Nigeria Under the British South Africa: A History of Two Struggles Conclusion: Africa and Imperialism 9. Asian Struggles for Independence and Development Asian Centers of Civilization India Under the British The Middle East and North Africa in the Era of European Expansionism China and Japan: Contrasts in Development Conclusion: China, India, Turkey, and Japan Compared IV. World War II and the Age of Superpower Rivalry 10. World War II: The Final Crisis of European Global Dominance From Phony War to Operation Barbarossa, 1939-1941 The Japanese Bid for Empire and the U.S. Reaction, 1941-1942 The Turning Points, 1942 The Home Fronts The Defeat of the Axis, 1943-1945 The Revolutionary Impact of World War II Conclusion: The High Point of U.S. Power 11. From the Cold War to the Global Marketplace International Relations, 1945-1991 The Cold War to 1953 The Containment of Khruschev, 1953-1962 First Steps Toward the Integration of Europe The Stages of Post-1945 Economic Transformation The United States and Western Europe in the Cold War Era The 1960s Challenge to Authority Stalin's Legacy Khruschev and the Limits of Reform, 1953-1964 The Restive Satellites from the 1950s Through the 1970s The Brezhnev Era in the USSR: Transformation and Stagnation Conclusions 12. Uncertain Progress: Europe, the Soviet Union, and the United States in the 1970s and 1980s Multipolar Detente or Renewed Confrontation, 1973-1984 Reagan-Gorbachev Summitry Economic Transformation During and After the 1970s The Triumph of Conservative Economies: Mitterand, Thatcher, and Reagan From Gorbachev to Yeltsin: The Dissolution of the Soviet Union Conclusion V. Independence for the Developing Countries 13. Latin America: Neocolonial Authoritarianism or Democracy and Development? Continental Overview Argentina: The Perils of Authoritarianism, with Charisma and Without Brazil: Political and Economic Vacillations Mexico: Drifting Away from the Revolutionary Legacy Cuba: Social Revolution Without an End to Dependency Conclusion: Development or Disappointment? 14. Sub-Saharan Africa: Decay or Development? Continental Overview: The Underdeveloped World par Excellence Nigeria: Independence plus Oil Dependency South Africa: Inequality, Exploitation, Isolation Conclusion: Moving Beyond Change Without Development? 15. The Middle East and North Africa Since World War II Regional Overview: The Search for Independence and Integration Turkey: Democratization and Development Iran in Revolution: Turban Against Crown and Necktie Egypt: The Struggle to Escape Poverty Israel: The Search for Security Conclusion 16. Asian Resurgence South and East Asia: From Decolonization to Reassertion India: Development Amid Underdevelopment China Under the Communists Japan: Re-emergence and Pre-eminence The High-Performance Asian Economies Conclusion: The Fork in Asia's Developmental Road VI. The World in the Age of Globalization 17. The World Since 1990 The Collapse of Socialism in Eastern Europe The United States Europe: Unity and Diversity South and East Asia The Islamic World Latin America Africa Conclusion 18. Twenty-First Century Prospect Globalization Identity Politics The Future of Mass Society Nature, Technology, and Globalization Looking Ahead