The Roadmap of Research: A Guide to Understanding and Writing a Medical Study

Vincenzo Giordano is an orthopaedic trauma surgeon and consultant at the Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro Miguel Couto Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, since 1994. He has a master’s degree and PhD from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and a post-doctorate from the Fluminense Federal University. He did a one-year clinical fellowship in orthopaedic trauma in 1999 at the Division of Orthopaedics of the University of Alabama at Birmingham and visiting fellows at the Klinik für Unfallchirurgie of the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover in 2002 and at the Klinik für Traumatologie of the Universitätsspital Zürich in 2005. Dr. Giordano is currently the Research Officer for the AO Trauma Latin America and an International AO Trauma Faculty. He is fellow of the Brazilian College of Surgeons and responsible for the Orthopaedic Chapter. He is fellow of the Brazilian Academy of Military Medicine and responsible for the Surgical Clinics Section. He is past chair of the AO Trauma Brazil, the Brazilian Society of Orthopaedic Trauma, and the Brazilian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (Rio de Janeiro State). Dr. Giordano has several publications and book chapters in the area of orthopaedic trauma, and recently has been researching in leadership and generational education for surgeons.

Carlos Oliver Valderrama Molina is an orthopaedic trauma surgeon for the Orthopaedic Department of the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital and a professor of the orthopaedics and traumatology program at the University of Antioquia in Medellin, Colombia. He completed a clinical fellowship in trauma of the skeletal system in the University of Barcelona and the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain) between 2007 and 2008 and a clinical fellowship in trauma at Klinik für Unfallchirurgie of the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover in 2008. In 2013, he obtained a master’s degree in clinical sciences at the University of Antioquia (Medellin, Colombia) and was a professor of Clinical Epidemiology at the same university. He currently leads the osteoarticular infections and polytrauma team at the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, with several lines of research in these topics. He is a member of the Colombian Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology and is part of the scientific committee of the Colombian Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. He is also a faculty of AO Trauma, actively contributes to the Research Support Group of AO Trauma Latin America and is the research delegate of the board of AO Trauma Colombia. He published several articles in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters in orthopaedic trauma.

Fernando Bidolegui has a degree in Medicine from the Barceló Foundation University in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. He completed the specialization in orthopaedics and traumatology as a Resident at the Navy Hospital and later was Chief Resident at the same hospital. He completed a fellowship in hip and knee surgery at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA, under the supervision of Dr. Miguel Cabanela in 2002. In 2004, he did his AO Trauma fellowship in at the Universitätklinik des Saarlandes, Homburg Germany, with Prof. Tim Pohlemann. He serves as Head of the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of the Sirio Libanés Hospital and of the Orthopaedics Department of the Otamendi Sanatorium, both in Buenos Aires. Dr. Bidolegui is also a member of AO Trauma Argentina, an AO Trauma international faculty, and actively contributes to the Research Support Group of AO Trauma Latin America. He is a recertified consulting member of the Argentine Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (AAOT), and member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) and the Association for the Study of the Hip and Knee (ACARO). Dr. Bidolegui is a former president of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association of Argentina. With a prolific academic career, Dr. Bidolegui has authored several papers published in peer-reviewed journals and contributed to several book chapters in the field of orthopaedic trauma.

Robinson E. Pires is a Professor of orthopaedic surgery and traumatology at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. Dr. Pires serves as the Chief of the Orthopaedic Trauma Service at Felício Rocho Hospital and Orizonti Institute. With a master’s degree from the Federal University of São Paulo, Dr. Pires pursued his PhD and Post-Doctoral Research at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. He completed a fellowship in orthopaedic trauma at the Federal University of São Paulo and served as visiting fellow at the University of Colorado (Denver Health Medical Center), University of California San Francisco (Orthopaedic Trauma Institute), and UC Davis (Sacramento, CA, USA). Dr. Pires is also an AO Trauma Faculty and actively contributes to the Research Support Group of AO Trauma Latin America, while serving as a Board Member of AO Trauma Brazil. Previously, he held the position of President of the Brazilian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (Minas Gerais State) and has been elected as President of the Brazilian Society of Orthopaedic Trauma for the year 2025. With a prolific academic career, Dr. Pires has authored several papers published in peer-reviewed journals and contributed to a substantial number of book chapters in the field of orthopaedic trauma.