Particles and Nuclei: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts

1. Hors d'œuvre.- 1.1 Fundamental Constituents of Matter.- 1.2 Fundamental Interactions.- 1.3 Symmetries and Conservation Laws.- 1.4 Experiments.- 1.5 Units.- I Analysis: the Building Blocks of Matter.- 2. Global Properties of Nuclei.- 2.1 The Atom and its Constituents.- 2.2 Nuclides.- 2.3 Parametrisation of Binding Energies.- 2.4 Charge Independence of the Nuclear Force and Isospin.- 3. Nuclear Stability.- 3.1 ?-Decay.- 3.2 ?-Decay.- 3.3 Nuclear Fission.- 3.4 Decay of Excited Nuclear States.- 4. Scattering.- 4.1 General Observations About Scattering Processes.- 4.2 Cross Sections.- 4.3 The "Golden Rule".- 4.4 Feynman Diagrams.- 5. Geometric Shapes of Nuclei.- 5.1 Kinematics of Electron Scattering.- 5.2 The Rutherford Cross-Section.- 5.3 The Mott Cross-Section.- 5.4 Nuclear Form Factors.- 5.5 Inelastic Nuclear Excitations.- 6. Elastic Scattering off Nucleons.- 6.1 Form Factors of the Nucleons.- 6.2 Quasi-elastic Scattering.- 6.3 Charge Radii of Pions and Kaons.- 7. Deep Inelastic Scattering.- 7.1 Excited States of the Nucleons.- 7.2 Structure Functions.- 7.3 The Parton Model.- 7.4 Interpretation of Structure Functions in the Parton Model.- 8. Quarks, Gluons, and the Strong Interaction.- 8.1 The Quark Structure of Nucleons.- 8.2 Quarks in Hadrons.- 8.3 The Quark-Gluon Interaction.- 8.4 Scaling Violations of the Structure Functions.- 9. Particle Production in e+e- Collisions.- 9.1 Lepton Pair Production.- 9.2 Resonances.- 9.3 Non-resonant Hadron Production.- 9.4 Gluon Emission.- 10. Phenomenology of the Weak Interaction.- 10.1 The Lepton Families.- 10.2 The Types of Weak Interactions.- 10.3 Coupling Strength of the Charged Current.- 10.4 The Quark Families.- 10.5 Parity Violation.- 10.6 Deep Inelastic Neutrino Scattering.- 11. Exchange Bosons of the Weak Interaction.- 11.1 Real W and Z Bosons.- 11.2 Electroweak Unification.- 12. The Standard Model.- II Synthesis: Composite Systems.- 13. Quarkonia.- 13.1 The Hydrogen Atom and Positronium Analogues.- 13.2 Charmonium.- 13.3 Quark-Antiquark Potential.- 13.4 The Chromomagnetic Interaction.- 13.5 Bottonium and Toponium.- 13.6 The Decay Channels of Heavy Quarkonia.- 13.7 Decay Widths as a Test of QCD.- 14. Mesons Made from Light Quarks.- 14.1 Mesonic Multiplets.- 14.2 Meson Masses.- 14.3 Decay Channels.- 14.4 Neutral Kaon Decay.- 15. The Baryons.- 15.1 The Production and Detection of Baryons.- 15.2 Baryon Multiplets.- 15.3 Baryon Masses.- 15.4 Magnetic Moments.- 15.5 Semileptonic Baryon Decays.- 15.6 How Good Is the Constituent Quark Concept?.- 16. The Nuclear Force.- 16.1 Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering.- 16.2 The Deuteron.- 16.3 Nature of the Nuclear Force.- 17. The Structure of Nuclei.- 17.1 The Fermi Gas Model.- 17.2 Hypernuclei.- 17.3 The Shell Model.- 17.4 Deformed Nuclei.- 17.5 Spectroscopy Through Nuclear Reactions.- 17.6 ?-Decay of the Nucleus.- 18. Collective Nuclear Excitations.- 18.1 Electromagnetic Transitions.- 18.2 Dipole Oscillations.- 18.3 Shape Oscillations.- 18.4 Rotation States.- 19. Many-Body Systems in the Strong Interaction.- A. Appendix.- A.1 Accelerators.- A.2 Detectors.- A.3 Combining Angular Momenta.- A.4 Physical Constants.- Problems.- Solutions.- References.