Fixed Functional Appliances

Fixed functional appliances first appeared in 1900s when Emil Herbst presented his system at the berlin international congress . Since then and upto seventies , very little was published on this appliance. it was at that time that Hanz Pancherz brought the subject back into discussion with the publication of several articles on the herbst applaince. A number of fixed appliances have gained popularity in recent years to help achieve better results in non compliant patients .Fixed functional appliance are , and will remain an invaluable tool for orthodontist