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Sinopsis
The three Lebanese writers discussed in this volume -- Kahlil Gibran, Ameen Rihani and Mikhail Naimy -- all emigrated to the USA early in life. There, in the first decades of the twentieth century, together with other Syrian and Lebanese émigrés, they were spurred into writing and setting up all Arabic-language press. The result was what became known as the Syro-American School, a fusion of Eastern sentiment with Western forms and, beyond this, a cultural cross-fertilisation in both directions. All three authors wrote in English as -,yell as Arabic, while Mikhail Naimy also wrote in Russian. Many of their works were directed at specifically Arab affairs, and they also wrote much that was of deliberately universal appeal, including a re-interpretation of traditional Arab spirituality. The best-known example of this was Kahlil Gibran's best-seller "The Prophet". A century on, their words on the need for East and West to come to one another's aid are as salutary as ever. This important book by Professor Aida Imangulieva, an Azeri specialist on Arabic literature, was originally published in Russian during the final years of the Soviet Union. It examines the influences of foreign literary movements, such as Romanticism and Realism, upon the three authors: Gibran and Rihani in the light of English poets like Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley and American writers such as Emerson and Whitman; Naimy through the lens of the Russian Realist tradition, drawing parallels specifically with the work of Belinsky, Tolstoy, Turgenev and the Chekhovian tradition. The book provides an unusual window onto the Arab world's cultural interaction with Europe, America and Russia in the early twentieth century. It also reaches beyond its academic scope and reveals, from the pages of the three authors, universal elements that speak to all people and go beyond cultural frameworks altogether.
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Acerca del autor
Aida Imangulieva held a doctorate in philological sciences and was a highly regarded Azeri specialist on Arab emigre literature and a member of the All-Union Orientalist Community Presidium and All-Union Coordination Council on East Literature Research.
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Gibrain, Rihani & Naimy
East-West Interactions in Early Twentieth-Century Arab Literature
By Aida Imangulieva, Robin ThomsonAnqa Publishing
Copyright © 2009 Afaq Khanum
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-905937-27-1All rights reserved.
Contents
Foreword by Dr Afag Asadova,
Introduction,
1 Arab émigré literature in the USA: origins and influences,
2 Kahlil Gibran: the development of the Romantic method,
3 Ameen Rihani and his role in the formation of Arab Romanticism,
4 Mikhail Naimy and nineteenth-century Russian literature,
Conclusion,
Endnotes,
Bibliography,
Index,
CHAPTER 1
Arab émigré literature in the USA: origins and influences
Social and political life in Lebanon in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the origins of Arab émigré literature
Lebanon's early contact with European countries played an important part in its cultural ascent, and this can be explained by the country's history. The geographical location of this small country put it at the centre of constant interactions among various civilisations: the East of antiquity, the classical world, Arab Islamic culture and Christianity. The establishment of Byzantine supremacy in Lebanon (and in Syria) in the fourth century ad founded a root of Orthodox Christianity, in which the Church was governed entirely from Greece. From the Middle Ages Beirut was important as a convenient seaport on the trade route from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. For many centuries, therefore, Lebanon was drawn into direct contact with the countries of the Mediterranean and Christian Europe.
Contact between Lebanon and European countries began to strengthen after the sixteenth century, when interest in the lands of the East began to grow in the West. In 1584 a special school for Lebanese Maronites was opened in Rome. During the rule of King Louis XIV Maronites studied in French educational institutions, and in 1608 the Emir of Lebanon, Fakhr ad-Din II (1585–1635), concluded a trade agreement with the Duke of Tuscany. European scholars were invited to Lebanon, and Western countries, particularly England and France, embarked on active economic development there. Raw materials – silk, wool, tobacco, olive oil and citrus fruits – were exported westwards, while various textile and manufactured goods were imported from Europe. Pursuing their own interests, the Western trading companies applied no little effort in turning Beirut into a modern city. A new port and seafronts were built, a gasworks was set up for street lighting, water pipes were laid, a number of large public and administrative buildings were constructed and a highway was laid between Beirut and Damascus.
From the beginning of the nineteenth century the history of Lebanon had been closely linked to the activities of Western missionaries. Lebanon was one of the first Eastern countries to become an arena for their work. Missionaries were quick to establish themselves there: Catholics from France, Protestants from England, Presbyterians from America and Orthodox from Russia. In part this was to do with the geographical location of the country, but also with the availability of good ports and natural resources. A further important element was that a large portion of the Lebanese population were historically Christian. Naturally, the missionaries pursued political interests in addition to religious ones, but "while directing the influence of the colonial powers in the East, the missionaries nevertheless brought literacy to the local Christians and spread European
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Paperback. Condición: new. Paperback. The three Lebanese writers discussed in this volume -- Kahlil Gibran, Ameen Rihani and Mikhail Naimy -- all emigrated to the USA early in life. There, in the first decades of the twentieth century, together with other Syrian and Lebanese emigres, they were spurred into writing and setting up all Arabic-language press. The result was what became known as the Syro-American School, a fusion of Eastern sentiment with Western forms and, beyond this, a cultural cross-fertilisation in both directions. All three authors wrote in English as -,yell as Arabic, while Mikhail Naimy also wrote in Russian. Many of their works were directed at specifically Arab affairs, and they also wrote much that was of deliberately universal appeal, including a re-interpretation of traditional Arab spirituality. The best-known example of this was Kahlil Gibran's best-seller "The Prophet". A century on, their words on the need for East and West to come to one another's aid are as salutary as ever. This important book by Professor Aida Imangulieva, an Azeri specialist on Arabic literature, was originally published in Russian during the final years of the Soviet Union. It examines the influences of foreign literary movements, such as Romanticism and Realism, upon the three authors: Gibran and Rihani in the light of English poets like Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley and American writers such as Emerson and Whitman; Naimy through the lens of the Russian Realist tradition, drawing parallels specifically with the work of Belinsky, Tolstoy, Turgenev and the Chekhovian tradition. The book provides an unusual window onto the Arab world's cultural interaction with Europe, America and Russia in the early twentieth century. It also reaches beyond its academic scope and reveals, from the pages of the three authors, universal elements that speak to all people and go beyond cultural frameworks altogether. Originally published in Russian during the final years of the Soviet Union, this volume examines the influences of foreign literary movements, specifically Romanticism and Realism, on the three authors examined within. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability. Nº de ref. del artículo: 9781905937271
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Paperback. Condición: New. The three Lebanese writers discussed in this volume -- Kahlil Gibran, Ameen Rihani and Mikhail Naimy -- all emigrated to the USA early in life. There, in the first decades of the twentieth century, together with other Syrian and Lebanese émigrés, they were spurred into writing and setting up all Arabic-language press. The result was what became known as the Syro-American School, a fusion of Eastern sentiment with Western forms and, beyond this, a cultural cross-fertilisation in both directions. All three authors wrote in English as -,yell as Arabic, while Mikhail Naimy also wrote in Russian. Many of their works were directed at specifically Arab affairs, and they also wrote much that was of deliberately universal appeal, including a re-interpretation of traditional Arab spirituality. The best-known example of this was Kahlil Gibran's best-seller "The Prophet". A century on, their words on the need for East and West to come to one another's aid are as salutary as ever. This important book by Professor Aida Imangulieva, an Azeri specialist on Arabic literature, was originally published in Russian during the final years of the Soviet Union. It examines the influences of foreign literary movements, such as Romanticism and Realism, upon the three authors: Gibran and Rihani in the light of English poets like Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley and American writers such as Emerson and Whitman; Naimy through the lens of the Russian Realist tradition, drawing parallels specifically with the work of Belinsky, Tolstoy, Turgenev and the Chekhovian tradition. The book provides an unusual window onto the Arab world's cultural interaction with Europe, America and Russia in the early twentieth century. It also reaches beyond its academic scope and reveals, from the pages of the three authors, universal elements that speak to all people and go beyond cultural frameworks altogether. Nº de ref. del artículo: LU-9781905937271
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Condición: New. Three Lebanese writers - Kahlil Gibran, Ameen Rihani, and, Mikhail Naimy - emigrated to the USA early in life. This book examines the influences of foreign literary movements like Romanticism and Realism upon the three authors. It provides a window to the Arab world's cultural interaction with Europe, America and Russia in the twentieth century. Translator(s): Thomson, Robin. Num Pages: 239 pages. BIC Classification: 2CSR; DSBH. Category: (UU) Undergraduate. Dimension: 233 x 157 x 19. Weight in Grams: 418. . 2010. Paperback. . . . . Books ship from the US and Ireland. Nº de ref. del artículo: V9781905937271
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