The Dictionary of Architecture, Vol. 3 (Classic Reprint) - Tapa blanda

Sinopsis

Excerpt from The Dictionary of Architecture, Vol. 3

The clays which are adapted for the purposes above cited, are those which are of tenacious uniform texture; free from stones, pyrites, or vegetable remains; rather stiff than other wise, and with only small quantities of sand or of carbonate of lime. A certain proportion of the hydrous oxide of iron is by no means objectionable; but, after all, the mechanical texture of the clay is the most important condition: it must be such as to admit of considerable pressure during the operation of molding, and of retaining the forms thus impressed upon it, until the burning shall have been completed.

Drain pipes are made in enormous numbers at the present day, for agricultural purposes, by means of a simple description of machinery wherein the earth is forced by a plunger through the die-plates fixed at the end of a cylinder. Great pains are taken, it may be observed, in tempering and purging the clay, and in passing it through the pugmill, or, as in some parts of Nottinghamshire, through edge rollers. The molding ma. Chinery may either have an intermittent or a constant action. The so called Ainslie machines are examples of the first class of machines, and in remote situations where the demand is not great it is perhaps the most advantageous, on account of its low cost; but the very soft state in which it is necessary to use the clay, and the almost inevitably consequent deformations which take place in the manufactured articles during the process of dry ing and burning, constitute serious objections to these machines. Scragg's pipe making machine is a very good instance of the class which have a constant action; the quality of the goods it furnishes is considered to be superior to those supplied by the intermittent machinerv. A good Scragg's pipe making machine will turn out as many as pipes, of 1 in. In diameter and 1 ft. Long, in a day of ten hours work. What ever description of machinery may be adopted, however, it appears that ordinary tile earth is hardly adapted to the manu facture of pipes of more than 6 or 8 ins. In diameter. Tile drains are almost invariably made by hand.

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