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Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening (Classic Reprint): Capturing the Dilution Effect: Capturing the Dilution Effect (Classic Reprint) - Tapa blanda
Sinopsis
Maximize HIV testing efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. This book explains how pooled testing can lower testing costs while preserving reliable results. It examines the dilution effect that can occur when samples are combined and how it impacts test sensitivity, especially in blood screening.
- Learn the concepts behind pooling, including how mixed samples are analyzed and how results guide further testing.
- Explore a formal modeling approach that connects test outcomes to antibody levels and pooling decisions.
- See how data from real pooling studies are used to validate methods and to compare cost savings with individual testing.
- Discover strategies for designing multistage testing policies and the practical implications for health programs.
Ideal for researchers, public health professionals, and students seeking a rigorous, data?driven view of pooled testing and its potential impact on HIV screening programs.
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Excerpt from Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening: Capturing the Dilution Effect
In the first years of the aids epidemic, numerous instances of aids infection caused by blood transfusion were reported to the Center for Disease Control. The incidence indi cated that the blood supply is a virtually frictionless pathway for spreading the epidemic, and the extent of the epidemic dictated that screening at the individual level should be adopted. As a consequence, all infected blood donors would be identified and a measurably safer blood supply would be attained. Nevertheless, the cost for such a screening program is substantial, and many developing countries, particularly in Africa where the epidemic is spreading rapidly, are struggling to fight the disease on limited budgets.
Pooled testing is one potential way to reduce the monetary cost without compromising the accuracy of the tests. The rationale behind pooled testing is simple and intuitive: suppose we can pool the sera from ten (for example) individuals and test the pool using a single test. If the seroprevalence of hiv, which is the fraction of the population that is infected, is low enough, then there is a high probability that all ten individuals in the pool are hiv negative; in this case, we would learn from a single test what otherwise would be learned from ten individual tests. If, on the other hand, the test outcome is positive, then additional tests (either pooled or individual) would need to be carried out.
However, pooled testing has a possible shortcoming, the dilution efiect: there is a serious concern that if the pool size is too large, then any hiv positive sera will be sufficiently diluted so as to become undetectable by the test. These false negatives can be extremely costly, particularly when pooled testing is employed to protect the blood supply. Moreover, infected individuals exhibiting an unusually low level of antibody concentration are less likely to be detected when screened in pools. Consequently, the sensitivity of the test can be seriously affected. (sensitivity is the probability of detecting a diseased individual, whereas specificity is the probability of detecting a healthy individual.)
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Reseña del editor
Excerpt from Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening: Capturing the Dilution Effect
We study pooled (or group) testing as a cost-effective alternative for screening donated blood products (sera) for HIV; rather than test each sample individually, this method combines various samples into a pool, and then tests the pool. A group testing policy specifies an initial pool size, and based on the HIV test result, either releases all samples in the pool for transfusion, discards all samples in the pool, or divides the pool into subpools for further testing. We develop a generalized linear model that relates the HIV test output to the antibody concentration in the pool, and hence captures the effect of pooling together different samples. The model is validated and simplified using data from a variety of field studies, and is embedded into a dynamic programming algorithm that derives a group testing policy to minimize the expected cost due to false negatives, false positives and testing. A simulation study shows that significant cost savings can be achieved without compromising the accuracy of the test. However, the efficacy of group testing depends upon the use of a classification rule (that is, discard the samples in the pool, transfuse them or test them further) that is dependent on pool size, a characteristic that is lacking in currently implemented pooled testing procedures.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening: Capturing the Dilution Effect
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Paperback. Condición: New. Print on Demand. This book explores the transformative potential of pooled testing, a cost-effective alternative method for screening blood products for HIV. Developed in response to a global HIV epidemic, pooled testing combines serum from multiple individuals and tests it as a single sample. The author meticulously delves into the underlying principles of this technique, unraveling its complexities through real-world case studies and rigorous statistical modeling. The book not only provides a comprehensive analysis of pooled testing but also offers practical guidance for its implementation, empowering readers with the knowledge to optimize its use in blood screening programs. By shedding light on this innovative approach, the book challenges conventional screening practices and paves the way for more accessible and equitable healthcare solutions in the fight against HIV. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item. Nº de ref. del artículo: 9781332275120_0
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Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening Capturing the Dilution Effect Classic Reprint
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Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening Capturing the Dilution Effect Classic Reprint
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Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening : Capturing the Dilution Effect (Classic Reprint)
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Forgotten Books, 2015
ISBN 10: 1332275125
ISBN 13: 9781332275120
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Condición: Sehr gut. Zustand: Sehr gut | Sprache: Englisch | Produktart: Bücher | Keine Beschreibung verfügbar. Nº de ref. del artículo: 26102187/2
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