Elementary Arithmetic, for the Slate: In Which Methods and Rules Are Based Upon Principles Established by Induction (Classic Reprint) - Tapa blanda

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Excerpt from Elementary Arithmetic, for the Slate: In Which Methods and Rules Are Based Upon Principles Established by Induction

The object of this book, designed especially for beginners in Written Arithmetic, is twofold, viz.: 1st. To give to young learners a good foundation for the study of the Science of Numbers, by basing all Methods of Operation upon Principles; and, 2d. To give them as much knowledge as possible of the business affairs of Fife, by the introduction of business transactions stated in correct business language.

The plan of the work differs, in most of its essential points, from that or other works of a like grade. To these points of difference - and it is confidently believed of superiority - the attention of parents and teachers is particularly invited.

General Divisions. - Chapters. - The work is divided into six chapters, the first one of which is devoted to Integers; the second, to Decimals; the third, to Compound Numbers; the fourth, to Fractions; the fifth, to Percentage, and the sixth, to Miscellaneous Review Problems.

Integers and Decimals are but parts of the same class of numbers, the latter being an extension of the decimal scale to the right of the decimal point, or below ones. They are both subject to the same laws, and all operations upon them are based upon the same principles. Therefore, in the natural order of arrangement of subjects, the proper place for Decimals is immediately after Integers.

Compound Numbers differ from Integers and Decimals only in the scales of increase and decrease, which, in the latter, are uniform and decimal, while in the former, they are Irregular and varying. The new facts to be learned in Compound Numbers are, the scales or tables, and their application to the processes of Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. Only two of the denominations given in this book - 5 1/2 or 5.5 yards are 1 rod, and 30 1/4 or 30.25 square yards are 1 square rod - are Mixed Numbers, and these are as well expressed decimally as fractionally. There is, therefore, no good reason why Fractions should precede Compound Numbers, no knowledge of the former being necessary in studying the latter, while the advantages of the reverse order of arrangement are obvious.

A knowledge of the preceding chapters prepares the pupil, on reaching Fractions, to comprehend the new facts to be learned, viz.: the Notation of Fractions, the General Principles of this class of numbers, and the application of these principles to the operations upon Fractional Numbers.

In the general arrangement of the work, and also in its details, the fact has never been lost sight of, that only a small portion of all the children who commence the study of Arithmetic go through their text-book; and that a child should be taught first that which it is most desirable and important for him to know; so that, whenever he leave a school, the knowledge he has acquired will be of practical value to him in after life.

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