Stress and Health - Tapa blanda

PART I: PRINCIPLES AND ISSUES: THE BACKGROUND. 1. STRESS CONCEPTS, THEORIES, AND MODELS. Common Sense and Not-So-Common Definitions of Stress. Formal Definitions of Stress. Distinguishing Stress from Other Emotive States. In Sickness and in Health: Health Status and Social Roles. Building Theories: The Explanatory Stories of Science. Varieties of Biological Stress Theories. The Diathesis-Stress Model. Varieties of Psychological Stress Theories. Varieties of Social Stress Theories. Making Sense of the Confusion. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Answers and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. Comments on Self-Study Exercises. 2. STRESS RESEARCH: LOGIC, DESIGN, AND PROCESS. Being Scientists and Being Consumers. Modes of Thinking in Science. The Logic of Scientific Method. Case Studies: The Intensive Analysis of One. Ex-Post Facto Studies: Looking Back. Ecological Momentary Assessment: Remote Observers. Correlational Designs: What Is the Relationship? Clinical Research: Pre-Post Intervention Designs. Epidemiology: The Science of Epidemics. Meta-Analysis: Analyzing the Analyses. Animals in Stress and Health Research. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Comments on Self-Study Exercises. Answers for Self-Study Exercises. PART II: BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF STRESS. 3. THE COGNITIVE STRESS SYSTEM: ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, AND EXPECTATIONS. Labels, Guesses, and Gaps. Anticipations: Hope and Despair. Cognitive Science: Probing the Mysteries of Mind. A Model of Mind: Information Processing. Schemata and Personal Constructs. Perception: Stress is in the Eye of the Beholder. Perception, Deprivation, and Overload. Memory: I Don't Remember It That Way. Appraisal Processes in Stress. Factors Contributing to Stressful Appraisals. Secondary Appraisal, Self-Efficacy, and Mastery. Attributions, Beliefs, and Health. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Analysis and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. Answers and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. 4. PERSONALITY AND STRESS: TRAITS, TYPES, AND BIOTYPES. Persona: What Lies Behind the Mask. Classic and Contemporary Definitions of Personality. Varieties of Personality Theory. General Models: The Personality-Health Connection. Coronaries, Type A, and Hypertension. The Depression-Prone Personality. The Cancer-Prone Personality. Personality and Smoking. The Alcoholic Personality. Biotypes or the Disease-Prone Personality: The Final Score. Control, Hardiness, and Self-Esteem. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 5. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS: THE BRAIN, BODY, AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS. Mind, Brain, and Body: Some Definitions. Charting the Back Roads of the Mind. The Brain: Its Role in Stress and Health. Natural Defenses: The Immune System. The Cardiovascular System. The Digestive System and Ulcers. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. PART III: SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND STRESS. 6. STRESS IN THE FAMILY: ADJUSTMENT, CONFLICT, AND DISRUPTION. Focus on the Family. A Case Study in Family Stress. Family Stress: Problems in Definition. A Transactional Theory of Family Stress. Transitional Stress. Separation and Divorce. The Single-Parent Family. Violence in the Family. Battered Wives. Sexual Abuse of Children. Positive Coping in the Family. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. Answers and Comments on Self-Study Exercises. 7. JOB STRESS: DISSATISFACTION, BURNOUT, AND OBSOLESCENCE. Dimensions of Job Stress. Defining Job Stress. The Costs of Work Stress. Symptoms of Work Stress. Sources of Work Stress. Are Boredom and Monotony Really Stressors? Technostress: The Changing Faces of Jobs. Job Burnout: The End of Work Stress. Work Stress in Special Groups. Telecommuting or the Electronic Sweatshop? Coping with Job Stress and Burnout. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 8. SOCIAL SOURCES OF STRESS: SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND LIFE-CHANGES. Case Studies in Road Rage: The Benign and Malignant. Cutting to the Chase: Possible Causes of Road Rage. Stress and Illness: The Origins of Social Theory. A Search for Social Stressors. Stress and Social Change. Life-Change, Stress, and Illness. Life-Change Units: The Empirical Story. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Do Stressful Life Events Really Produce Illness? The Case Against Life-Change and Illness. Race and Socioeconomic Status. Coping with Social Change. Religion and Beliefs: Influence on Coping and Health. Coping with Victimization. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A First Look. Fear-The Victim's Jailer. Victimology: Investigating Criminal-Victim Relationships. Barriers to Effective Prevention. Coping with the Aftermath of Criminal Assault. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 9. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS: DISASTERS, POLLUTION, AND OVERCROWDING. Environment and Ecology. Theories of Environmental Stress. Categories of Environmental Stress. Natural Disasters. The Aftermath of Mount Saint Helens. Technological Disasters. Buffalo Creek and Three Mile Island. Coping with the Effects of Disaster. Noise Pollution. Coping with Noise Pollution. Air Pollution. Stress and Overcrowding. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. PART IV: COPING, RELAXATION, AND IMAGERY. 10. COPING STRATEGIES: CONTROLLING STRESS. Coping Cameos: Struggles and Strategies. Coping Terminology: Origins and Definitions. Coping Categories: Problem-Focused versus Emotion-Focused Coping. Coping Resources: Assets and Support. Coping Strategies: Combative and Preventive Coping. Coping Efforts: What Can You Do to Cope with Stress. Coping Styles: Reactive and Proactive Coping. Building Coping Skills. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 11. PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION: PREMISES AND PROCESS. Progressive Muscle Relaxation: The Promise. From Promise to Premise. A Cognitive-Behavioral View of Relaxation. From Premise to Preparation. Relaxation: The Process. A Tension-Scanning Exercise. Moving On: When Can I Do Something with It? Getting Relaxed the Fast Way. Relaxing A Group of Muscles. Terrifying Slopes: Relaxation to the Rescue. Relaxing with a Word. Cue-Controlled Relaxation at School or Work. Differential and Graduated Relaxation. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 12. COGNITIVE AND IMAGERY TECHNIQUES: AUTOGENICS, DESENSITIZATION, AND STRESS INOCULATION. Imagery: The Core of Relaxation. Autogenics: Imagery-Based Relaxation. Managing Specific Fears. Managing Specific Fears with Desensitization. The Three Keys to Desensitization. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Cognitive Restructuring. Stress Inoculation: Preparing for Stress. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 13. THE CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES: MEDITATION AND BIOFEEDBACK. The Mysterious God-Men of India. The Highroad of Meditation. Transcendental Meditation: A Western Mantra Yoga? The Relaxation Response: Secular Meditation. Biofeedback: Electronic Euphoria or Practical Tool? Listening to Your Body. But Is It Good for Anything? Biofeedback: The Final Score. Should I Try Biofeedback? Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. PART V: STUDENT STRESSORS, NUTRITION, AND EXERCISE. 14. STUDENT SURVIVAL SKILLS: TRANSITIONS AND THE PAPER CHASE. A Gallery of Students and Stressors. A Typology of Student Stressors. Time Management for Students. Why Study Time Management? Seven Deadly Sins of Time Mismanagement. Self-study Exercise: Finding Your Time Management Weaknesses. Positive Time Management. Hints for Effective Time Management. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. 15. BEHAVIORAL HEALTH STRATEGIES: NUTRITION AND EXERCISE. Stress and Health: Links to Nutrition and Exercise. Unhealthy Behaviors: Diet and Sedentary Lifestyles. Effects of Stress on Metabolism and Diet. Effects of Diet on Stress. Eating Right: Balancing Energy Intake. Vitamins: Use or Abuse and Addiction? Eating Light. Exercise, Health, and Stress. Preparing for Exercise. Exercising for Fitness. Barriers to Effective Exercise. The Exerciser: A Psychological Profile. Marathon Running: The Myth of Coronary Immunity. Exercising for Weight Control. Precautions for Exercise Programs. Behavioral Self-Control: Principles for Sticking with It. Summary. Summary. Critical Thinking and Study Questions. Key Terms. Websites. APPENDIX. RELAXATION INSTRUCTIONS. Preparation. Getting Started with Relaxation. Instructions for Relaxation. Preparing Your Own Relaxation Instructions. Instructions for Reducing the Steps by Grouping Muscles. Cue-Controlled Relaxation Instructions. References. Subject Index. Name Index. Credits. Photo Credits.

Rice offers the most comprehensive, research-based introduction to stress management and personal health programming available, addressing the theoretical aspects of stress and stress management. With clear, non-technical language packed with lively examples, he helps readers to identify personally with content and process. He includes the information, techniques, and skills needed to deal effectively with both physical and psychological stress and for readers to become informed consumers of personal health planning information. The book offers up-to-date coverage of theories and research in stress management; definitions and examples of physical and psychological stress; personal, family, social, and work-related stress management methods; and stress reduction techniques, including relaxation, autogenics; anxiety management, meditation, biofeedback, time management, nutrition, and exercise.