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Donald R. Paul is an American materials scientist and engineer currently the Ernest Cockrell, Sr. Chair in Engineering at University of Texas at Austin. His interests are polymer engineering, biomaterials and membranes. Clive B. Bucknall is the author of Polymer Blends: Formulation and Performance, Two-Volume Set, published by Wiley.

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POLYMER BLENDS

Formulation and Performance, Two-Volume SetBy Donald R. Paul Clive B. Bucknall

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.

Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-471-24825-5

Contents

Preface..........................................................................................................................................................................................viiContributors, Volume 1...........................................................................................................................................................................ixContents, Volume 2...............................................................................................................................................................................xiContributors, Volume 2...........................................................................................................................................................................xiii1 Introduction D. R. Paul and C. B. Bucknall....................................................................................................................................................1Thermodynamics2 Statistical Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions and Blends I. C. Sanchez and M. T. Stone......................................................................................................153 Polymer-Polymer Interactions Based on Mean Field Approximations G. D. Merfeld and D. R. Paul..................................................................................................554 Hydrogen Bonding Systems P. C. Painter and M. M. Coleman......................................................................................................................................935 Polymer Blends as Viewed by Analogue Calorimetry C. J. T. Landry..............................................................................................................................1416 Crystalline Polymer Blends J. P. Runt.........................................................................................................................................................1677 Fundamentals of Blends of Rigid-Chain (Liquid Crystal) Polymers M. Ballauff and J. R. Dorgan..................................................................................................1878 Thermodynamics of Polyolefin Blends D. J. Lohse and W. W. Graessley...........................................................................................................................219Characterization9 Morphology Characterization by Microscopy Techniques S. Y. Hobbs and V. H. Watkins............................................................................................................23910 Viscoelastic Characterization of Polymer Blends D. S. Kalika.................................................................................................................................29111 Optical Characterization: Light Scattering, Birefringence, and Ellipsometry T. Inoue and T. Kyu..............................................................................................31912 Neutron Scattering and Polymer Blends D. G. Bucknall and V. Arrighi..........................................................................................................................349Structure formation13 Formulation and Characterization of Thermoset-Thermoplastic Blends J. P. Pascault and R. J. J. Williams......................................................................................37914 Chemical Reactions in Blends Based on Condensation Polymers: Transreactions and Molecular and Morphological Characterization G. Groeninckx, M. Sarkissova, and S. Thomas.....................41715 Morphology and Properties of Blends Containing Block Copolymers S. D. Hudson and A. M. Jamieson..............................................................................................46116 Factors Influencing the Morphology of Immiscible Polymer Blends in Melt Processing B. D. Favis...............................................................................................50117 Reactive Compatibilization B. Majumdar and D. R. Paul........................................................................................................................................53918 Processing Aids J. M. Brady and C. A. Cruz-Ramos.............................................................................................................................................581Index............................................................................................................................................................................................595

Preface

The field of polymer blends, or alloys, has experienced enormous growth in size and sophistication over the past two decades in terms of both the scientific base and technological and commercial development. It has become clear to us that an appropriate summary of this progress is needed to educate and to guide professionals working in this area into the twenty-first century. This two-volume set is a multiauthored treatise that might be viewed as an updated version of the analogous set edited by Paul and Newman and published in 1978. (See the reading list at the end of Chapter 1.) The book is intended to be a coherent entity rather than a collection of separate chapters, and a great deal of effort has been devoted to coordinating the content and style of the chapters. The editors intended each chapter to be far more than an encyclopedic summary of the literature or a review focusing only on the most recent advances in research. The authors were asked (a) to provide enough background in each chapter to enable beginners to work in the field by reading this book; (b) to sift critically through the literature and present only the most important issues (not every reference deserves mention); and (c) to write clearly but concisely, using carefully selected graphics, in order to make the important conceptual points and capture the attention of the browser.

It is the goal of these two volumes to be the authoritative source that professionals of the next decades will seek out to learn about this important field and use to set directions for future research and product development. The two volumes are roughly equal in length. Volume 1 is subtitled Formulation and is largely about the physics, chemistry, and processing issues associated with the formation of polymer blends and the evaluation and control of their structure. Volume 2 is subtitled Performance and is primarily concerned with how blends perform in practical situations. Naturally, there is a heavy emphasis on mechanical performance, but several chapters deal with a range of other properties as well. At some risk of oversimplification, it can be said that Volume 1 is about structure, while Volume 2 is about properties. Thus, the two-volume set provides a broad view of the structure-property relationships for polymer blends as seen by experts from around the world.

The editors have been friends and colleagues for many years. Their professional interests have been somewhat different over their careers, but there are many points of intersection. These differences and similarities have been helpful during the course of planning, which started in early 1994, and development of this book. A common view was needed in order to foster agreement on the scope, content, and choice of authors. The differences in expertise led Don Paul to have primary responsibility for Volume 1 and Clive Bucknall to oversee Volume 2.

We are thankful to many colleagues and friends who have encouraged us and given us advice on many issues. D. R. Paul C. B. Bucknall

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