Light Water Reactor Safety: The Development of Advanced Models and Codes for Light Water Reactor Safety Analysis - Tapa dura

Sinopsis

Nuclear reactor safety is a subject of considerable public interest. Many Light Water Reactors (LWRs) are in operation worldwide and others are in construction. Analysis techniques and their validation are needed to provide assurances for licensing and for safe reactor operation. This book provides a summary of, and references to, the main activities that have been carried out towards the development of advanced mechanistic models and computer codes for LWR safety analysis. The principal features of the two main types of western LWRs i.e. PWRs and BWRs are given, relevant to the safety issues and accident conditions considered in the book. These range from classes of relatively trivial faults, to design-based accidents and the very low-probability severe accidents. The book describes a range of such accidents to span the scope of the phenomena to be modelled. Important integral and separate effects experimental programmes are summarised. Integral experiments are performed for two main reasons: (a) to identify important phenomena and (b) for code validation. Separate effects experiments are necessary for model development. An important consideration in reactor safety research is that at all times after shutdown, heat continues to be produced from the decay of unstable isotopes in the fuel. One of the main objectives of research and of the book is to consider ways in which core cooling can be achieved and the consequences if this is not achieved. Other subjects dealt with include computer codes for LWR safety analysis, and thermal-hydraulic modelling and the book concludes with some code simulations of representative hypothetical plant accidents. A brief reference is also given to accident management and advanced reactor modelling issues.

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