This book is the report of a collaborative effort. Frank Porporino and I arrived at the starting point for our work together by very different routes. Originally trained as an experimental psychologist, I had become in- creasingly restive within the confines of the laboratory, and spent a sab- batical year in the equivalent of a clinical internship. I then spent some time as a part-time consultant in a local penitentiary. Most of my time in the institution was spent with inmates with a variety of problems, probably about 50 individuals over the course of a year. Although this was far fewer than a full-time psychologist in the system might encounter, it served as a quick cram course on problem prisoners and prisoner problems. Very quickly my stereotypes about convicts were shown to be virtually useless. I learned that the criminal classes included all levels of society, and that the behavior of prisoners was the same as that of other human beings in a difficult environment.
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This book is the report of a collaborative effort. Frank Porporino and I arrived at the starting point for our work together by very different routes. Originally trained as an experimental psychologist, I had become in creasingly restive within the confines of the laboratory, and spent a sab batical year in the equivalent of a clinical internship. I then spent some time as a part-time consultant in a local penitentiary. Most of my time in the institution was spent with inmates with a variety of problems, probably about 50 individuals over the course of a year. Although this was far fewer than a full-time psychologist in the system might encounter, it served as a quick cram course on problem prisoners and prisoner problems. Very quickly my stereotypes about convicts were shown to be virtually useless. I learned that the criminal classes included all levels of society, and that the behavior of prisoners was the same as that of other human beings in a difficult environment.
The book is a report of a major empirical study that follows prison inmates from the beginning of their terms for a period of 16 months. As such, it is a study of the effects of imprisonment, and represents the first rigorous use of a longitudinal design to see how prisoners' behavior and adaption change with time in prison. However, it also represents an application of contemporary items about the interaction of personal and environmental factors in the determination of behavior. This is embodied in the central notion of "coping", as a way of describing how inmates interact with the problems they encounter. Finally, there is information surveying inmates' behavior prior to imprisonment. The results provide a picture of offenders' lives outside, as well as inside, of prison. They show how specific deficits in the ability to "cope" can be linked to maladaptive behaviors, leading to an innovative model of crime causation. They also allow predictive analyses that demonstrate the limits of most previous theorizing and the superiority of the interactionist approach. Many of these conclusions have major policy implications for the correctional system.
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