1. Introduction.- 2. Classification of Parallel Processors.- 2.1. A Brief History of Classification Schemes.- 2.2. The Classification Scheme Used in This Work.- 2.3. A Look at the Classification Characteristics.- 2.3.1. Applications.- 2.3.2. Control.- 2.3.3. Data Exchange and Synchronization.- 2.3.4. Number and Type of Processors.- 2.3.5. Interconnection Network.- 2.3.6. Memory Organization and Addressing.- 2.3.7. Type of Constructing Institution.- 2.3.8. Period of Construction.- 2.4. Information-Gathering Details.- 2.4.1. Classification Choices.- 2.4.2. Qualifications for Inclusion.- 2.4.3. Extent.- 2.4.4. Sources.- 2.5. An Apology.- 3. Emergent Trends.- 3.1. Applications.- 3.1.1. Correlation with Period of Construction.- 3.1.2. Correlation with Constructing Institution.- 3.1.3. Correlation with the Control Mechanism.- 3.1.4. Correlation with the Data Exchange and Synchronization Mechanism.- 3.1.5. Correlation with the Number and Type of Processors.- 3.1.6. Correlation with the Interconnection Network.- 3.1.7. Correlation with the Memory Organization.- 3.2. Mode of Control.- 3.2.1. Correlation with the Period of Construction.- 3.2.2. Correlation with the Type of Constructing Institution.- 3.2.3. Correlation with the Data Exchange and Synchronization Mechanism.- 3.2.4. Correlation with the Number and Type of Processors.- 3.2.5. Correlation with the Interconnection Network.- 3.2.6. Correlation with the Memory Organization.- 3.3. Data Exchange and Synchronization.- 3.3.1. Correlation with the Period of Construction.- 3.3.2. Correlation with the Type of Constructing Institution.- 3.3.3. Correlation with the Number and Type of PEs.- 3.3.4. Correlation with the Interconnection Network.- 3.3.5. Correlation with the Memory Organization.- 3.4. The Number and Type of PEs.- 3.4.1. Correlation with the Period of Construction.- 3.4.2. Correlation with the Constructing Institution.- 3.4.3. Correlation with the Interconnection Network.- 3.4.4. Correlation with the Memory Organization.- 3.5. Interconnection Network.- 3.5.1. Correlation with the Period of Construction.- 3.5.2. Correlation with the Type of Constructing Institution.- 3.5.3. Correlation with the Memory Organization.- 3.6. Memory Organization.- 3.6.1. Correlation with the Period of Construction.- 3.6.2. Correlation with the Type of Constructing Institution.- 3.7. Type of Constructing Institution.- 3.7.1. Correlation with the Construction Period.- 3.8. Period of Construction.- 3.9. Summary of the Correlations.- 4. Popular Machine Models.- 4.1. Exposing the Complex Patterns.- 4.2. General-Purpose Machines.- 4.2.1. Model I - MIMD, Shared Memory.- 4.2.2. Model I, the High-End, Numeric Variant.- 4.2.3. Model II - MIMD, Message Passing.- 4.2.4. Model II, the High End.- 4.2.5. Model III - General Purpose SIMD Machines.- 4.3. Model IV - Image (and Signal) Processing SIMD Machines.- 4.4. Model V - Database MIMD Machines, Two Variants.- 4.5. Trends in Commercialization.- 4.5.1. The Number Crunchers.- 4.5.2. The Multiprocessor Midrange.- 4.5.3. The Hypercube.- 5. The Shape of Things to Come?.- 5.1. Underlying Assumptions.- 5.2. Applications.- 5.3. Control.- 5.4. Data Exchange and Synchronization.- 5.5. Number and Type of PEs.- 5.6. Interconnection Networks.- 5.7. Memory Organization.- 5.8. Sources.- 5.9. Classification of Parallel Computers.- 5.10. Summary.- Appendix: Information about the Systems.
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The present study surveys, catalogs, and theorizes about many of the numerous parallel processors constructed and implemented over the past thirty years. Despite the tremendous diversity, the authors are able to detail similarities regarding control mechanisms, data exchange and synchronization methods, processing elements, interconnection networks, and memory organization. Systems architects will find the work a unique and invaluable aid to clarifying and organizing design choices.
Larry Rudolph, Ph.D., received his doctorate from NYU's Courant Institute. He is currently a Principal Research Scientist at MIT and a co-faculty member at the New England Complex Science Institute. His most recent research has been in the field of mobile computing.
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