Descripción
Founded in 1902, the Foundation Company was a subaqueous concrete construction firm based in New York City. According to the Smithsonian, the company was "a leader in the development of the pneumatic caisson method for the construction of foundations" - this method was used to build the skyscrapers of New York City, and applied to many other types of construction projects as well. The Foundation Company archive consists of photographs, blueprints, correspondences, and business documents relating to construction work that the company undertook in Tampico, Mexico, between 1915-1922. Tampico was the center of the Mexican oil boom that began at the beginning of the century. The foreign oil industry's role in this boom was a key issue in the Mexican revolution that spanned roughly 1910-1920. After an American drilled the first oil well in Tampico in 1901, foreign companies descended into the town and took full advantage of the oil boom. The large amounts of oil in the region, paired with the demand created by the allies in World War I - the United States and British Navies had converted from coal to oil - contributed to the rapid growth of the industry. According to historian Jonathan Brown, "A booming foreign market and anemic domestic consumption of Mexican oil production gave many advantages to the foreign oilmen. They proceeded to create an Anglo-American capitalist haven out of the Huasteca." The Foundation Company contracted with some of the most prominent oil companies in Tampico: El Aguila, La Corona, and the Transcontinental Petroleum Company. These companies were British, Dutch, and American. Foreign companies were attracted to Mexico because of the abundance of oil as well as the loose regulations: "At a time when the federal and state authorities in the United States were tightening the regulation of business and busting the trusts, the expatriot American oilmen viewed Mexico as the new frontier of deregulation." One reason that the Mexican government did not tighten regulations was because of the politics of the revolution. The competing factions of the revolution took advantage of the success of the oil industry - the only sector of the economy that continued to grow during that time - through taxes and forced loans. "Those who fought for political power, and there were many, sought to deny the federal authorities control of the oil fields. The result was a buildup of government resentment toward the freewheeling, powerful foreign interests, threats of drastic action against the oil companies, but little governmental influence on how the nation's oil business was being conducted." In this way, the oil industry financed the revolution, and also catalyzed increased economic nationalism. "Economic nationalism in Mexico had a social base, and that is why the social revolution of 1910 to 1920 also produced an economic nationalism bent on reducing the power of the foreign oil companies." The Mexican revolution produced the 1917 constitution, still in place today, which changed the rules for foreign businesses operating in Mexico. After years of companies resisting these regulations, in 1938 President Lazaro Cardenas expropriated the foreign owned oil industry. The bulk of the documents in this archive are from 1921 and 1922, towards the end of the revolution. The documents are all written in English, demonstrating the extent to which foreign companies were able to operate on their own terms despite their projects being in Mexico. The photographs and documents show the flurry of projects that the company quickly acquired in Tampico. In 1921, the Industrial Development and Manufacturers Record reported that "more big construction contracts are being carried out in the Tampico region at this time than ever before in the history of the oil industry in Mexico." Indeed, only a few months after beginning work in Mexico in 1921, the Foundation Company had 4000 men on payroll and 12 projects. These projects included a 30,000-barrel. N° de ref. del artículo List01111
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