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Photographie,CDV, Vintage albumen Carte de Visite, Joséphine of Leuchtenberg or Joséphine de Beauharnais (Joséphine Maximilienne Eugénie Napoléone) (14 March 1807 ? 7 June 1876) was Queen consort of Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Oscar I, as well as Princess of Bologna from birth and Duchess of Galliera from 1813. She was known as Queen Josefina, and was regarded to be politically active during the reign of her spouse. She acted as his political adviser and actively participated in state affairs. She was particularly active within the laws of religion in Sweden and Norway, and is attributed to have introduced more liberal laws regarding religion. Born in Milan, Italy, she was a daughter of Eugène de Beauharnais, the first Duke of Leuchtenberg, stepson and adopted child of Napoleon I, and his wife, Princess Augusta of Bavaria. Her paternal grandmother and namesake was Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie, the first wife of Emperor Napoléon I of France: she was given the name Josephine by request of Napoleon.[1] Her maternal grandfather was King Maximilian I of Bavaria. At birth she was given the title Princess of Bologna by Napoléon, and later she was also made Duchess of Galliera. She spent her first seven years in Italy. The family spent their days in Villa Bonaparte in Milan and at their summer residence in Monza outside Milan. In 1812, they received a visit from the former Empress Josephine. In 1813, her father Eugene turned down the offer from his father-in-law to join the forces against Napoleon. In 1814, her mother Augusta joined her father at his military headquarters at Mantua, where she gave birth to her youngest daughter. A little later, Josephine and her siblings joined their mother in the fortress at Mantua in a procession of carriages with their courtiers. After the defeat of Napoleon the same year, her parents left for her maternal grandfather in Bavaria, and a little later, Josephine and her siblings followed them in the company of Baron Darnay, earlier her fathers secretary. Reportedly, this was a memory that stayed with Josephine. Her father was given the title Duke of Leuchtenberg and the former principality of Eichstädt in Bavaria as a fief. Her childhood is described as happy. The family spent their summers at Eichstädt and their winters in Munich with her mothers family. Josephine could speak French, Italian and German and studied history and geography with professor Le Sage; botany and natural science with professor Martinus; mathematics, physics and astronomy with professor Siebers. Princess Joséphine married Oscar I by proxy at the Palais Leuchtenberg in Munich on 22 May 1823. They also conducted a wedding ceremony in person on 19 June in Stockholm. The first wedding ceremony was Catholic, and the second wedding ceremony was Lutheran. Through her mother (her maternal line of Hesse and upward through Hanau and Ansbach, Baden-Durlach and Kleeburg), Joséphine was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden, thus also making her children descendants of Gustav Vasa, etc. Through her maternal grandfather, she was also one of the descendants of Renata of Lorraine, granddaughter of Christian II of Denmark. The marriage had been arranged to provide legitimacy to the new Bernadotte dynasty. After the defeat of Napoleon, King Charles XIV John feared the legitimist policy of the Congress of Vienna, and wished to give his new dynasty connections through blood with old royal dynasties of Europe. The marriage of his son and heir to the throne, Oscar, was the solution to this problem, and in 1822, he finally forced his son to agree to marry and to make a trip to Europe to inspect a list of potential candidates for the position of consort and Crown Princess. In this list, a Princess of Denmark was the first alternative; a Princess of Leuchtenberg the second; a Princess of Hesse was the third and a Princess of Weimar was the fourth.[2] Charles XIV John had chosen Josephine of Leuchtenberg as candidate n. N° de ref. del artículo PD2318
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