bulletin sciences société philomathique (21 resultados)

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 419 Language: French.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 427 Volume m 3 Language: French.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 429.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 453.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 451.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from 1807 edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 480 Volume m 1 Language: French.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 483.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 549.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 619 Language: French.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 631.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 635.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 649.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 663.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 663.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 665.

LeatherBound. Condición: New. LeatherBound edition. Condition: New. Reprinted from edition. Leather Binding on Spine and Corners with Golden leaf printing on spine. Bound in genuine leather with Satin ribbon page markers and Spine with raised gilt bands. A perfect gift for your loved ones. NO changes have been made to the original text. This is NOT a retyped or an ocr'd reprint. Illustrations, Index, if any, are included in black and white. Each page is checked manually before printing. As this print on demand book is reprinted from a very old book, there could be some missing or flawed pages, but we always try to make the book as complete as possible. Fold-outs, if any, are not part of the book. If the original book was published in multiple volumes then this reprint is of only one volume, not the whole set. Sewing binding for longer life, where the book block is actually sewn (smythe sewn/section sewn) with thread before binding which results in a more durable type of binding. Pages: 927.

Couverture souple. Condición: Bon. Edition originale. In-quarto broché, couverture d'attente de l'époque, 95 pages. - - - - - Nous ne pouvons mentionner toutes les contributions, citons seulement : Decandolle : La famille des Joubarbes - - CUVIER : Nouvelles découvertes d'os fossiles - - CUVIER : Mémoire sur les dents d'un poisson - - DUPUYTREN : Observations sur un veau monstrueux - - - Hallé : Su l'effet du galvanisme sur la paralysie des muscles de la face - - - CUVIER : Crocodiles de l'ancien et du nouveau monde - - PETIT-THOMAS : Plantes des isles de la France, de la Réunion et de Madagascar - - JUSSIEU : La famille des lauriers - - - DELILLE : Mémoire sur le Doum ou palmier de la Thébaide - - - Admis dans la société intime des savants les plus distingués de l'époque, Augustin-François de Silvestre (1762-1851) rencontra Lavoisier, d'Aubenton, Borde, Lagrange, Laplace, Coulains, Romé de Lisle, Haüy, Fourcroy, Vicq d'Azir, Hallé et plusieurs autres l'honorèrent de leur amitié. Il se lia aussi avec quelques jeunes gens studieux qui suivaient différentes branches de la carrière des sciences ; ils se réunissaient souvent pour se communiquer leurs observations et les résultats de leurs recherches ; ils sentirent combien ces communications réciproques sur des objets qui ont entre eux des liaisons intimes, étendaient et fortifiaient leurs études : ils formèrent, en 1788, la Société Philomatique, qui s'est rassemblée longtemps chez Augustin-François de Silvestre et dont il a été pendant 14 ans secrétaire. La société qui se réunissait une fois par semaine, et qui jouissait d'une haute réputation, a recueilli dans son sein une grande partie des membres de l'ancienne Académie royale des sciences, lorsqu'une mesure révolutionnaire eut détruit toutes les académies. Lavoisier fut parmi les premiers à adhèrer à la Société philomatique et fut bientôt rejoint par presque tous les membres de l'Académie. Parmi ses travaux fondamentaux, la société s'était imposé l'obligation de reproduire avec exactitude toutes les expériences remarquables qui étaient annoncées en Europe : histoire naturelle, anatomie, physique, chimie, médecine, arts mécaniques, économie rurale, commerce et mathématiques y sont à l'honneur.Principaux membres : Lamarck, Brongniart, Vauquelin, Chappe, Lacroix, Berthollet, Fourcroy, Monge, Prony, Laplace, Haüy, Cuvier, Larrey, Bouillon-Lagrange, Lacépède, Chaptal, Biot, Deleuze, Sennebier.

Couverture souple. Condición: Bon. Edition originale. In-quarto broché, couverture d'attente de l'époque, 96 pages. - - - - - Nous ne pouvons mentionner toutes les contributions, citons seulement : GEOFFROY : Sur une nouvelle espèce de Phoenicoptère - - DECANDOLLE : Notice sur la Reticuraia Rosea - - DOLOMIEU : Les tourmalines blanches de Saint-Gothard - - - Sur le nouveau balancier du Citoyen MONTU - - - LASTERIE : Machine pour réduire les os en poudre, et les faire servir à l'engrais des terres (une planche dépliante) - - -LATREILLE : Sur une nouvelle espèce de Psylle - - - CUVIER : Sur les organes de la voix dans les oiseaux - - - LAMARK Influnce de la lune sur l'atmosphère terrestre - - - CHAPPE : Notice sur le télégraphe - - BREGUET & BETANCOURT : Nouveau télégraphe présenté (une planche dépliante) - - -Hallé : Commission nommé pour répéter les expériences sur le galvanisme - - - CUVIER : Mémoire sur les ossemens fossiles des quadrupèdes - - - LATREILLE : Observations sur la Raphidie Ophiosis - - Balance barométrique de PRONY (une planche dépliante) - - BROUSSONNET : Mémoire sur la manière de préparer a Fes et a Tetouan les peaux de chèvres appelées marocain Admis dans la société intime des savants les plus distingués de l'époque, Augustin-François de Silvestre (1762-1851) rencontra Lavoisier, d'Aubenton, Borde, Lagrange, Laplace, Coulains, Romé de Lisle, Haüy, Fourcroy, Vicq d'Azir, Hallé et plusieurs autres l'honorèrent de leur amitié. Il se lia aussi avec quelques jeunes gens studieux qui suivaient différentes branches de la carrière des sciences ; ils se réunissaient souvent pour se communiquer leurs observations et les résultats de leurs recherches ; ils sentirent combien ces communications réciproques sur des objets qui ont entre eux des liaisons intimes, étendaient et fortifiaient leurs études : ils formèrent, en 1788, la Société Philomatique, qui s'est rassemblée longtemps chez Augustin-François de Silvestre et dont il a été pendant 14 ans secrétaire. La société qui se réunissait une fois par semaine, et qui jouissait d'une haute réputation, a recueilli dans son sein une grande partie des membres de l'ancienne Académie royale des sciences, lorsqu'une mesure révolutionnaire eut détruit toutes les académies. Lavoisier fut parmi les premiers à adhèrer à la Société philomatique et fut bientôt rejoint par presque tous les membres de l'Académie. Parmi ses travaux fondamentaux, la société s'était imposé l'obligation de reproduire avec exactitude toutes les expériences remarquables qui étaient annoncées en Europe : histoire naturelle, anatomie, physique, chimie, médecine, arts mécaniques, économie rurale, commerce et mathématiques y sont à l'honneur.Principaux membres : Lamarck, Brongniart, Vauquelin, Chappe, Lacroix, Berthollet, Fourcroy, Monge, Prony, Laplace, Haüy, Cuvier, Larrey, Bouillon-Lagrange, Lacépède, Chaptal, Biot, Deleuze, Sennebier.

Couverture rigide. Condición: Bon. 3 vol. Paris, Fuchs, 1791-1812, in-4, 3 vol, cartonnage d'attente de l'époque, Rare ensemble de livraisons du Bulletin des sciences de la société philomathique de Paris comprenant de nombreux articles de scientifiques, historiens ou architectes de l'époque tels Haüy, Cuvier, Berthollet ou Monge. Fondée en 1788, la Société émet son premier bulletin en 1791, livraison manuscrite jusqu'au numéro d'octobre 1792 où elle devient imprimée. Au vu du succès et de la rareté de la revue, la Société décidera une réimpression de ces numéros en 1802. Le premier volume comprend les numéros suivants des tomes premiers et second: juillet 1791, mai à décembre 1797, Floréal an VI à Ventôse an IX; 31 gravures et une table des matières. Le second volume comprend les numéros suivants du troisième tome : Germinal an IX à Ventôse an XIII; 3 gravures et une table des matières ainsi qu'une table des objets énoncés de 1791 à Ventôse an XIII (mars 1805). Le troisième volume comprend les numéros suivants du deuxième tome des troisième et quatrième année : janvier 1810 à décembre 1811; 28 gravures une table des matières et le numéro de septembre 1812 broché. Berthelot, "Sur les publications de la Société philomathique et ses origines" in Journal des savants, août 1888.

90 livraisons reliées en 1 vol. in-4 de 192-192-336 (mal chiffré 236) pp., veau raciné, dos lisse orné, pièces de titre et de tomaison en maroquin havane et vert (reliure de l'époque). Importante collection du Bulletin des sciences de la Société philomathique fondé par Augustin-François de Silvestre, du n°1 de Germinal an 5 (Avril 1797) au n°90 de Fructidor an 12 (septembre 1804).Seules les six dernières livraisons (91-96) manquent (octobre 1804 - mars 1805). 48 planches gravées, la plupart dépliantes.Admis dans la société intime des savants les plus distingués de l'époque, Augustin-François de Silvestre (1762-1851) rencontra Lavoisier, d'Aubenton, Borde, Lagrange, Laplace, Coulains, Romé de Lisle, Haüy, Fourcroy, Vicq d'Azir, Hallé et plusieurs autres l'honorèrent de leur amitié. Il se lia aussi avec quelques jeunes gens studieux qui suivaient différentes branches de la carrière des sciences ; ils se réunissaient souvent pour se communiquer leurs observations et les résultats de leurs recherches ; ils sentirent combien ces communications réciproques sur des objets qui ont entre eux des liaisons intimes, étendaient et fortifiaient leurs études : ils formèrent, en 1788, la Société Philomatique, qui s'est rassemblée longtemps chez Augustin-François de Silvestre et dont il a été pendant 14 ans secrétaire. La société qui se réunissait une fois par semaine, et qui jouissait d'une haute réputation, a recueilli dans son sein une grande partie des membres de l'ancienne Académie royale des sciences, lorsqu'une mesure révolutionnaire eut détruit toutes les académies. Lavoisier fut parmi les premiers à adhèrer à la Société philomatique et fut bientôt rejoint par presque tous les membres de l'Académie. Parmi ses travaux fondamentaux, la société s'était imposé l'obligation de reproduire avec exactitude toutes les expériences remarquables qui étaient annoncées en Europe : histoire naturelle, anatomie, physique, chimie, médecine, arts mécaniques, économie rurale, commerce et mathématiques y sont à l'honneur.Principaux membres : Lamarck, Brongniart, Vauquelin, Chappe, Lacroix, Berthollet, Fourcroy, Monge, Prony, Laplace, Haüy, Cuvier, Larrey, Bouillon-Lagrange, Lacépède, Chaptal, Biot, Deleuze, Sennebier.Bel exemplaire.

First edition. EVANS (37) - THE TRUE FIRST PUBLICATION OF FOURIER SERIES. First printing, extremely rare, of the discovery of Fourier series, and their application to the mathematical theory of heat, appearing here 14 years before Fourier's famous Théorie analytique de la chaleur."This work marks an epoch in the history of both pure and applied mathematics. It is the source of all modern methods in mathematical physics . The gem of Fourier's great book is 'Fourier series'" (Cajori, A History of Mathematics, p. 270). "The methods that Fourier used to deal with heat problems were those of a true pioneer because he had to work with concepts that were not yet properly formulated. He worked with discontinuous functions when others dealt with continuous ones, used integral as an area when integral as an anti-derivative was popular, and talked about the convergence of a series of functions before there was a definition of convergence . such methods were to prove fruitful in other disciplines such as electromagnetism, acoustics and hydrodynamics. It was the success of Fourier's work in applications that made necessary a redefinition of the concept of function, the introduction of a definition of convergence, a reexamination of the concept of integral, and the ideas of uniform continuity and uniform convergence. It also provided motivation for the discovery of the theory of sets, was in the background of ideas leading to measure theory, and contained the germ of the theory of distributions" (González-Velasco, p. 428). In December 1807, Fourier submitted a large manuscript, entitled Sur la propagation de la chaleur, to the Institut de France in Paris, "but although Laplace, Lacroix and Monge were in favour of publishing it, Lagrange blocked publication, apparently because its treatment of trigonometric series differed markedly from the way he, Lagrange, had stipulated in the 1750s. Another chance came in 1810, when the Academy of Sciences announced a prize competition on heat diffusion. Fourier submitted a revised memoir, which won [in 1811], but was criticised for a lack of rigour and generality. Fourier thought the criticism unfair, but revised it again, and the resulting book came out in 1822 (after Lagrange's death and when Fourier's standing was rising in the Academy)" (Gray, p. 14). The present article is an extract of the 1807 memoir, the only part of it to be published until 1972. The prize memoir of 1811 appeared in two parts in the Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France(tomes 4 & 5, published in 1824 & 1826)."Previous historical interpretation of Fourier's work has often depended on [the Théorie analytique] for the sequence of his researches. The 1807 memoir, however, is one of the great papers in the history of science which led to fundamental advances in the study of heat flow, mathematical analysis, and an almost unlimited number of applications in science and engineering" (Gillmor, p. 501)."The [1807] paper is Fourier's masterpiece: the problems, and the consequences of their solutions, in it dominated his scientific effort, while the circumstances of the preparation and publication of its successors encompassed most of his career" (Grattan-Guinness 1972, p. ix). ABPC/RBH lists the sale of only one copy (the March 1808 issue extracted from the yearly volume, in a modern binding). OCLC locates no copy in the US. Born in Auxerre, France, Fourier (1768-1830) was in 1795 appointed an assistant lecturer at the École Polytechnique, working under Lagrange and Monge. In 1798 Monge, a prominent supporter of Napoleon, selected Fourier to go on the French expedition to Egypt. After the British defeated them there, Fourier returned to France in 1801, hoping to resume his work at the École Polytechnique, but Napoleon had been impressed by his organisational talents and sent him instead to be the prefect of the Department of Isère. Despite these administrative duties, Fourier managed to pursue scientific research in his spare time, and on 21 December 1807, he sent a paper to the mathematical and physical section of the Institut de France in Paris presenting some of his discoveries. The paper was a large one: 234 pages of text, with many complicated equations, several diagrams of strange mathematical functions, and, in the last part, a few tables of experimental results. "The secrétaire perpétuelof the mathematical and physical section, Delambre, sent it to the Institut's foremost mathematical minds-Lagrange, Laplace, Monge and Lacroix-for examination. The topic was novel and ambitious, for it purported to take the mathematical analysis of physical phenomena outsidethe terms of reference of Newton's law of universal gravitation; the theoretical investigation of the propagation of heat. Little had been achieved on this problem, although it was known that Biot and Poisson, two of Paris's rising young scientists, were interested in it. Now Fourier, a man in his fortieth year who had published only one paper in his life-a study of the Principle of Virtual Work ten years previously-was submitting his own ideas on the subject" (Grattan-Guinness 1969, p. 250). "Fourier began by exploring the known properties and parameters for the study of heat diffusion. There were three main ones of the latter: conduction internally within a solid body and externally through its surface or boundary into the environment; and specific heat. Assuming them to be constant, he used them to define quantity of heat at a point or section of the body. He took the flow of heat to be uniform, and temperature change linear with respect to distance. He drew upon Newton's law of cooling, that the flow of heat through a domain was proportional to the temperature difference across it . To mathematize the phenomenon Fourier used the standard differential and integral calculus in the version developed by Euler" (Landmark Writings, p. 356). Fourier's 1807 paper followed the chronology of his discoveries. He began with an.