Defective Ocular Movements and Their Diagnosis (Classic Reprint)

Excerpt from Defective Ocular Movements and Their Diagnosis

The movements of the eyes and their anomalies constitute certainly one of the most important and without doubt one of the most difficult parts of Ophthalmology. The problems which are placed before us in oculomotor affections are much more complicated than those in optics, which are, by no means, considered as simple.

In optics the eye alone is the factor with which we have to deal, whereas under the heading of oculomotor system, much more than merely the eyes must be taken into consideration. If sometimes affections of the movements of the eyes are due only to local lesions, they more frequently accompany all kinds of general diseases. On the other hand, the analysis of the various forms of oculomotor disturbances is of the highest importance in diagnosing the different diseases of the brain and nervous system.

The more thorough the examiner's knowledge of the origin, course, centres of association of these nerves, the greater is the probability of a complete correct diagnosis being made. In other words, the cerebral portion of the oculomotor system and the whole nervous system also must always be taken into account in oculomotor affections.

The course of the nerves, so easy to follow from their origin to their entrance into the muscles, has been fully established, anatomical and clinical research work has also done much to aid the specialist and the practitioner in forming a firm foundation for diagnosis.

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