Mathematics for Elementary Teachers: A Process Approach, International Edition - Tapa blanda

1. MATHEMATICAL PROCESSES. Getting Started: The NCTM Process Standards. Communication Through Mathematical Representations. Inductive Reasoning and Patterns. Deductive Reasoning and Proof. Mathematical Problem Solving. Problem Solving with Different Strategies. Chapter 1 Review. Answers to Check Your Understandings and Activities. 2. SETS. Getting Started: Sets in the Classroom. Set Basics. Set Operations. Chapter 2 Review. Answers to Chapter 2 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 3. NUMBERS AND NUMERATION. Getting Started: Numbers and Numeration in the Classroom. A Brief History of Numeration. The Hindu-Arabic or Decimal System. Other Base Numeration Systems. Chapter 3 Review. Answers to Chapter 3 Check Your Understandings and Activities. Reviewing the Big Ideas Chapters 1-3. 4. WHOLE-NUMBER COMPUTATION. Getting Started: Whole-Number Computation in the Classroom. Understanding Whole-Number Addition and Subtraction. Adding and Subtracting Large Numbers. Understanding Whole-Number Multiplication and Division. Multiplying and Dividing Large Numbers. Computation in Base b. Chapter 4 Review. Answers to Chapter 4 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 5. BASIC NUMBER THEORY. Getting Started: Number Theory in the Classroom. Divisibility, Primes, and Composites. Greatest Common Factors and Least Common Multiples. Modular and Clock Arithmetic. Chapter 5 Review. Answers to Chapter 5 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 6. THE INTEGERS. Getting Started: Integers in the Classroom. Integer Basics, Addition, and Subtraction. Integer Multiplication and Division. Chapter 6 Review. Answers to Chapter 6 Check Your Understandings and Activities. Reviewing the Big Ideas Chapters 4-6. 7. FRACTIONS AND THE RATIONAL NUMBERS. Getting Started: Fractions and the Rational Numbers in the Classroom. Fractions and the Set of Rational Numbers. Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers. Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers. Chapter 7 Review. Answers to Check Your Understandings and Activities. 8. DECIMALS, REAL NUMBERS, AND PROPORTIONAL REASONING. Getting Started: Decimals and Proportional Reasoning in the Classroom. Decimals and the Real Numbers. Decimal and Real Number Operations. Proportional Reasoning. Percents. Chapter 8 Review. Answers to Chapter 8 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 9. ALGEBRAIC THINKING. Getting Started: Algebraic Thinking in the Classroom. Numerical Sequences. Functions and Their Representations. Linear Functions and Constant Change. Solving Equations and Inequalities. Algebraic Thinking and Mathematical Modeling. Chapter 9 Review. Answers to Chapter 9 Check You Understandings and Activities. Reviewing the Big Ideas Chapters 7-9. 10. GEOMETRICAL SHAPES. Getting Started: Geometrical Shapes in the Classroom. Lines, Planes, and Angles. Triangles. Quadrilaterals, Polynomials, and Circles. Geometric Surfaces and Solids. Chapter 10 Review. Answers to Chapter 10 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 11. CONGRUENCE, SIMILARITY, AND CONSTRUCTIONS. Getting Started: Congruence, Constructions, and Similarity in the Classroom. Congruent Shapes. Similar Shapes. Basic Geometrical Constructions. Constructing Shapes. Chapter 11 Review. Answers to Chapter 11 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 12. COORDINATE AND TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY IN THE CLASSROOM. Getting Started: Coordinate and Transformation Geometry in the Classroom. Coordinate Geometry. Transformations. Congruence, Similarity, and Symmetry with Transformations. Geometric Patterns. Chapter 12 Review. Answers to Chapter 12 Check Your Understandings and Activities. Reviewing the Big Ideas Chapters 10-12. 13. MEASUREMENT. Getting Started: Measurement in the Classroom. Length and the Measurement Process. Perimeter and Area. Surface Area. Volume. Other Measures. Chapter 13 Review. Answers to Chapter 13 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 14. STATISTICAL THINKING. Getting Started: Statistical Thinking in the Classroom. Formulating Questions and Collecting Data. Representing and Analyzing Data with Statistical Graphs. Representing and Analyzing Data with Descriptive Statistics. Abuse of Statistics. Chapter 14 Review. Answers to Chapter 14 Check Your Understandings and Activities. 15. PROBABILITY. Getting Started: Probability in the Classroom. Experimental Probability and Making Predictions from Data. Theoretical Probability. Conditional and Geometric Probability, Odds, and Expected Value. Counting Techniques and Probability. Chapter 15 Review. Answers to Chapter 15 Check Your Understandings and Activities. Reviewing the Big Ideas Chapters 13-15.

Freitag's MATHEMATICS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: A PROCESS APPROACH, International Edition was developed using the five Content Standards from the NCTM Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, and the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. Traditionally, books for pre-service elementary teachers have focused on problem solving. However, problem solving is not the only process through which mathematics is learned. It is also learned through mathematical reasoning, communication, representation, and connections. Recent trends in mathematics education now advocate implementing all five processes as a vital part of learning and doing mathematics. Consequently, you need to have concrete experiences with these processes that you will be required to teach. The goal of this book is to treat each of the processes equitably by using an approach in which the five processes serve as the central pedagogical theme. Most of the examples, exercises, and activities are designed to either model the processes or to directly engage you in working with them. As a result, you will not only come to understand the different processes, but also appreciate them as an integral to learning and doing mathematics. If this broader view can be instilled, you are more likely to give your students a more well-rounded and holistic view of mathematics once you enter the classroom. The content of the book is directly related to the mathematics that is taught in grades K - 8. The purpose is not to reteach elementary mathematics. Rather, the intent is to look at the content from a theoretical or generalized point of view, so that you can better understand the concepts and processes behind the mathematics you will teach. In short, the book focuses on the "why" behind the mathematics in addition to the "how."