Elements of Modern Algebra - Tapa dura

The authors gradually introduce and develop concepts to help make the material more accessible. This text is intended for the introductory course in algebraic structures and covers groups before rings. This course often is used to bridge the gap from manipulative to theoretical mathematics and to help prepare secondary mathematics teachers for their careers. This text includes several "optional" sections, including two new ones on applications, and is designed to give instructors latitude in structuring their courses.