Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) was a 19th-century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and aphorism. Nietzsche's influence remains substantial within and beyond philosophy, notably in existentialism and postmodernism. His style and radical questioning of the value and objectivity of truth have resulted in much commentary and interpretation, mostly in the continental tradition. His key ideas include the death of God, perspectivism, the Übermensch, the eternal recurrence, and the will to power. Nietzsche began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. At the age of 24 he was appointed to the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel (the youngest individual to have held this position), but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life. In 1889 he went insane, living out his remaining years in the care of his mother and sister until his death in 1900.
An attack on the lack of critical sense and the blind acceptance of Christian premises, as regards morality, "Beyond Good and Evil" asks us to revisit many concepts imposed by Christian dogma, particularly solitude, fasting, and sexual abstinence. The reader is encouraged to move beyond Christian insistence on universal morality and embrace the inherent driving forces within each of us: achievement, ambition, the desire to grow and expand. Nietzsche argues (quite prophetically) "The time for petty politics is past; the next century will bring with it the struggle for mastery over the whole earth."
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