Critical review on different types of plumes and jets: Reviewing Cipollina (2005) and Pantokratoras (2003) - Tapa blanda

Sinopsis

Literature Review from the year 2015 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: 3, Akdeniz University (Vocational School of Technical Sciences), language: English, abstract: Two papers are critically reviewed in this study: "Bench-Scale Investigation of Inclined Dense Jets" by Cipolla and others (2005) and "Vertical Penetration of Double-Diffusive Water Plumes Discharged Vertically Downward" by Pantokratoras (2003). The main goal is to provide new experimental information on the behavior of dense jets issuing from nozzles variously inclined on the horizontal plane. Also, to develop suitable Froude number equation for double diffusive plumes, in which discharge temperature is greater than that of the ambient water whereas the discharge salinity is smaller than that of the ambient sea water. Another objective is to prove the Turner`s Equation (Pantokratoras 2003) is unsuitable for double diffusive plumes and to develop this equation. Most of the investigations on dense jet diffusion dealt with jets issuing vertically in the environment, despite the fact that it has been long known that inclined dense jets result in higher values of dilution. The water temperature in the tank (1.5 m long, 0.45 m wide, filled with water up to 0.60 m above the bottom) was in the range 18-20° C, ν ~10-6 m2/s. The solution employed to feed the jets was colored and prepared by dissolving NaCl in tap water in a suitable lab-scale rectangular batch storage tank. Three different jet densities were tested: 1,055, 1,098, and 1,179 kg/m3. Brass nozzles have four different diameters (d0) (1.12, 2, 3, and 4 mm). The initial discharge Reynolds numbers ranged from 2,500 to 10,400, depending on nozzle size and jet features, and therefore flow at the nozzle outlet was always turbulent.

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