Theory Of Knowledge - Tapa dura

In this important new text, Keith Lehrer introduces students to the major traditional and contemporary accounts of knowing. Beginning with the traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief, Lehrer explores the truth, belief, and justification conditions on the way to a thorough examination of foundation theories of knowledge, externalism and naturalized epistemologies, and internalism and modern coherence theories as well as recent reliabilist and causal theories. Lehrer gives all views careful examination and concludes that external factors must be matched by appropriate internal factors to yield knowledge. This match of internal and external factors follows from Lehrer’s new coherence theory of undefeated justification.In addition to doing justice to the living epistemological traditions, the text smoothly integrates several new lines that will interest scholars. Lehrer argues, for example, that acceptance should replace the traditional belief condition and that knowledge can ultimately be understood as undefeated justification and truth as a consequence of a justification remaining undefeated.A feature of special interest is Lehrer’s concept of a justification game. Lehrer explains justification in terms of a game between a claimant and a skeptic: The claimant wins and the knowledge claim is justified when he or she can beat or neutralize the moves of the skeptic.Readers of Professor Lehrer’s earlier book, Knowledge, will want to know that this text adopts the framework of that classic. But Theory of Knowledge is a thoroughly revised and up-dated version, containing several completely new chapters, that has been simplified throughout for student use.Written by a well-known scholar and contributor to modern epistemology, this text is distinguished by clarity of structure, accessible writing, and an elegant mix of traditional material, contemporary ideas, and well-motivated innovation. It will immediately take its place in the front rank of texts on the theory of knowledge.