On The Calculation Of Thermo-Chemical Constants - Tapa blanda

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PREFACE. THE following illonograph has its origin in several short papers, published by the author in the C enzical Nezos see Che nicul Nezos, xcv, 193, 301 xcvi, 188 xcvii, 183, 263, and 266 xcviii, 25 and 80. The earlier papers have been rewritten to some extent, and considerably amplified. Some entirely new sections will be found as well, namely, those dealing with the - calculatioi of thermal constants for sulphur and for nitrogen compounds. In the opening chapter of this work- On the Calculation of Physico-Chemical Constants -the author puts forward a proof that the usually adopted method of calculating additive physico-chemical constants is fuildainentally wrong, and outlines a more logical method. The rest of the work is concerned with the application of this inethod to therinal constai ts. The study of the thermal behaviour of polyinet h ylenes leads to iinpwtaut evidence for the validity of von Baeyers Strain Theory. Thomsens method of calculating thel mal constants, not coming under the objections mentioned in the first chapter, but, nevertheless, being unsatisfactory, is dealt with briefly in an Appendix. The unit of heat employed throughout is the large calorie, written Cal. 1 Cal. 1,000 cals.. As a rule the figures given are correct to the first decitnal place, i. e. 2, Cal. only, as the secoilcl place is Leyoild t l c linlit of experimental accuracy. The a1 breviatioils RI. H. C. fbr. niolecular heat of combustion, a i d 31. 11. F. for moleculnr heat of foiania tiou, are used occasioilally throughout this book. Tlie autllors l eartiestt hal ks a re clue to Mr. F. E. IYestoli, BSc. Loud., F. C. S., for his killcl llelp ill reading the proofs, c. 11. S. 1. CONTENTS PAGE .. PREFACE . , 111 OS THE CALCULATIO O N F HTSICO-CHEJIICACLO NSTANTS , 1 OX THE C, ZLCULATIOX OF THER IO-CHEMICCAOLS STANTS . 9 1. Itltroduction . 9 8 1. Cl oiceo f Data. 2. The 1 ata employed. 2. Iltermal Constants of the IIydrocarbons . . l2 5 3. AIolecular IIeats of Combustion of the IIydrocarbons. 4. Thermo-Chemical Evidence for Ton Uaeyers Strain Theory. 5 5. The Constitution of Benzene. 3. Tl erninEC onsta itso f the Il jd. ocarbons contintled . . 22 G. AIolecnla. I-Ieats of Formation of the Ilydrocarbons. 7. Relative Theoretical 17alue of Rlolecular Heats of Coinbustion and Formation. 4. Ther nalC ort ta o f tOs rganic llalogen Co11rpounds . . 30 8. hlolecular Ileats of Combustion of Organic Ilalogen Compounds. 9. hlolecular Heats of Formation of Or ganic Halogen Compounds. 10. Calculation of the Molecular Heats of Combustion and Forination of Aromatic Compounds. 5. Tlrermal Constants of Orgunic Oxygelz Compounds . . 38 11. Iolecular Heats of Combustion of Ethers. 12. BIolecular Heats of Formation of IStl ers. 13. Rlolecular Heats of Combostion of Alcoltols. 14. AIolecular Heats of Formation of Alcohols. G. Tlrer nal Constants of Organic Oxyge z Cony, oa nds continued . . 48 15. Jlolecular Ileats of Combustion of lietones and Aldehydes. 5 1G. Rlolecular IIeats of Formation of Aldehydes and ICetones. 5 17. hlolecular Heats of Combustion of Esters. 18. Rlolecular lrkats of Conlbustion of Acids. 19. hlolecular 1Ients of Formation of 13sters and Acids. v i CONTENTS PAGE 7. Yhertr o-CI enzicIaCl zide acef or von Waeyers Strai11 Theory 59 5 20. Thermal 13cluivalents of tlre Intmmolecular Strain in Polymetllylenes. 21. Thermal Equi alent of t l c Intrainolecnlar Strain in Ethylene Oxide. 8. Ylrer Caoln stants qf 01. ya71ic Sulphur Conzl ounds . . 66 22. hIolecnlar IIeats of Colnbustion of Organic Sulphur Compound.. 23. Ihe Con titution of rlriol hrlle. 24. Jrolecrilnr IIeats of kornlation of Organic Snll llur Con l ouuds. 0. term alC orr stcc lti of Or jall tc , Yttr. oyer Co t pou . tls . i c i 25. hIolecular Ileats of Combustion of Organic Sitrogc n Co npounrls Sitrogen linhecl entirely to Carbon. 26...